Beta-secretase 2 (, also known as Memapsin-1) is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
that cleaves Glu-Val-Asn-Leu!Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe in the Swedish variant of Alzheimer's
amyloid precursor protein
Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many biological tissue, tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. It functions as a cell surface receptor and has been implicated as a regulator ...
. BACE2 is a close
homolog of
BACE1
Beta-secretase 1, also known as beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), membrane-associated aspartic protease 2, memapsin-2, aspartyl protease 2, and ASP2, is an enzyme that in humans is enco ...
.
Function
Cerebral deposition of amyloid beta peptide is an early and critical feature of
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in short-term me ...
and a frequent complication of
Down syndrome
Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual dis ...
.
Amyloid beta peptide is generated by proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by 2 proteases, one of which is the protein encoded by this gene. This gene localizes to the 'Down critical region' of chromosome 21. The encoded protein, a member of the peptidase A1 protein family, is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein and
aspartic protease. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.
It has been reported that BACE2 is the main protease that mediates the release of the amyloidogenic ectodomain of
Pmel17
Melanocyte protein PMEL also known as premelanosome protein (PMEL) or silver locus protein homolog (SILV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PMEL'' gene. Its gene product may be referred to as PMEL, silver, ME20, gp100 or Pmel17.
St ...
in melanocytes.
BACE2 has also been observed in mice to be correlated with maintaining the
pancreatic β cell
Beta cells (β-cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are dimini ...
s and improving control of glucose homeostasis, which may prove to be useful for research on
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, ...
.
Interactions
BACE2 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with
GGA1
ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GGA1'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) protein family. Members of this family ar ...
and
GGA2
ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein GGA2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GGA2'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the Golgi-localized, gamma adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding (GGA) family. This family includes ...
.
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References
Further reading
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External links
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070318110931/http://www.ihop-net.org/UniPub/iHOP/gs/129262.html
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EC 3.4.23
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