Beryl May Dent

Beryl May Dent (10 May 19009 August 1977) was an English mathematical physicist, technical librarian, and a programmer of early analogue and digital computers to solve electrical engineering problems. She was born in Chippenham, Wiltshire, the eldest daughter of schoolteachers. The family left Chippenham in 1901, after her father became head teacher of the then recently established Warminster County School. In 1923, she graduated from the University of Bristol with First Class Honours in applied mathematics. She was awarded the Ashworth Hallett scholarship by the university and was accepted as a postgraduate student at Newnham College, University of Cambridge.

She returned to Bristol in 1925, after being appointed a researcher in the Physics Department at the University of Bristol, with her salary being paid by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. In 1927, John Lennard-Jones was appointed Professor of Theoretical physics, a chair being created for him, with Dent becoming his research assistant in theoretical physics. LennardJones pioneered the theory of interatomic and intermolecular forces at Bristol and she became one of his first collaborators. They published six papers together from 1926 to 1928, dealing with the forces between atoms and ions, that were to become the foundation of her master's thesis. Later work has shown that the results they obtained had direct application to atomic force microscopy by predicting that noncontact imaging is possible only at small tipsample separations.

In 1930, she joined Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company Ltd, Manchester, as a technical librarian for the scientific and technical staff of the research department. She became active in the Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux (ASLIB) and was honorary secretary to the founding committee for the Lancashire and Cheshire branch of the association. She served on various ASLIB committees and made conference presentations detailing different aspects of the company's library and information service. She continued to publish scientific papers, contributing numerical methods for solving differential equations by the use of the differential analyser that was built for the University of Manchester and Douglas Hartree. She was the first to develop a detailed reduced major axis method for the best fit of a series of data points.

Later in her career she became leader of the computation section at MetropolitanVickers, and then a supervisor in the research department for the section that was investigating semiconducting materials. She joined the Women's Engineering Society and published papers on the application of digital computers to electrical design. She retired in 1960, with Isabel Hardwich, later a fellow and president of the Women's Engineering Society, replacing her as section leader for the women in the research department. In 1962, she moved with her mother and sister to Sompting, West Sussex, and died there in 1977.

Early life

Beryl May was born on , at Penley Villa, Park Lane, Chippenham, Wiltshire, the eldest daughter of Agnes Dent (), , and Eustace Edward (). She was baptised at StPaul's, Chippenham, on 8 June 1900. They had married at St Mary's Church, Goosnargh, near Preston, Lancashire, on 27July 1898. Her mother was educated at the Harris Institute, Preston, passing examinations in science and art. She was a teacher at Attercliffe School, in northeast Sheffield, before moving to Goosnargh School, near her hometown of Preston, where her elder brother and sister, John William and Mary Ann Thornley, were the head teachers. In March 1894, she had applied for the headship at Fairfield School, Cockermouth, making the shortlist, but the board decided to appoint a local candidate.

On 18March 1889, Dent's father was appointed to a teaching assistant position at Portland Road School, in Halifax, West Yorkshire, after completing a teaching apprenticeship with the school board. In the same year, Florence Emily Dent, his elder sister, was appointed head teacher at West Vale girls' school, Stainland Road, Greetland, moving from the Higher Board School at Halifax. In August 1889, he obtained a first class pass in mathematics from the Halifax Mechanics' Institute. He enrolled on a degree course at University College, Aberystwyth, in the Education Day Training College. In January 1894, he was awarded a first by Aberystwyth, and a first in the external University of London examinations. His first teaching post was at Coopers' Company Grammar School, Bow, London, before moving to Chippenham, where he was a senior assistant teacher at the Chippenham County School.

In October 1901, Dent's father left Chippenham to become head teacher of the then recently established Warminster County School, that adjoined the Athenaeum Theatre in Warminster. The family moved to Boreham Road, Warminster, where houses were built in the early 19th century. In April 1907, they moved to 22Portway, Warminster, situated a short distance from the County School and the Athenaeum. He was elected chair of the Warminster Urban District Council from 1920 to 1922, and remained as head teacher of the County School until his retirement in August 1929.

Dent's father was also a regular cast member of the Warminster Operatic Society at the Athenaeum and other venues. Dent and her younger sister, Florence Mary, would often appear with him on stage in such operettas as ''Snow White and the seven dwarfs'' and the ''Princess JuJu'' ( ''The Golden Amulet''), a Japanese operetta in three acts by Clementine Ward. In ''Princess JuJu'', she played ''La La'', one of the three maidens attendant on the princess, and sang the first act solo, ''She must be demure''. In act two of the same musical, she performed in the fan dance, ''Spirits of the Night''. She also acted in a scene from Tennyson's ''Princess'' at the County School's prize giving day on 16December 1913.

Education

Warminster County School (1909–1917)

From 1909, Dent was educated at Warminster County School, where her father was head teacher. At school, she was close friends with her neighbour at Portway, Evelyn Mary Day, the eldest daughter of Henry George Day, a former butler to Colonel Charles Gathorne GathorneHardy, son of Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, 1st Earl of Cranbrook. In August 1914, she passed the University of Oxford Junior Local Examination with First Class Honours, and on the strength of her examination result, she was awarded a scholarship by the school. In 1915, she passed the senior examination with second class honours and a distinction in French, and subsequently, her scholarship was renewed. She then joined the sixth form and won the school prize for French in December 1916. In March 1918, she applied for a scholarship in mathematics from Somerville College, one of the first two women's colleges in the University of Oxford. She was highly commended but was not awarded a scholarship nor an exhibition.

University of Bristol (1919–1923)

In 1918, Dent joined the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) at Farnborough, Hampshire. The First World War opened new employment opportunities for women, and RAE was one of the first military establishments to recruit women into engineering, and mathematical and computational research. In the same period that Dent was at RAE, Lorna Swain, then mathematics tutor at Newnham College in the University of Cambridge, worked at the establishment on the problem of aircraft propeller vibration. The Treasury reduced RAE's funding after the end of the war, and consequently, the number of resources and staff available to support research fell significantly. In 1919, she left RAE after being accepted on to the general Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree course at the University of Bristol. In June 1920, she passed her intermediate examination in French with supplementary courses in Latin, history, and mathematics.

In the following academic year, Dent joined the honours course in mathematics and took an intermediate examination in physics. After spending the summer of 1921 at her parents' home in Warminster, she returned for the start of the 1921 to 1922 academic year to find that Paul Dirac had joined the mathematics course. The course of mathematics at Bristol University normally lasted three years, but because of Dirac's previous training, the Department of Mathematics had allowed him to join in the second year. They were taught applied mathematics by Henry Ronald Hassé, the then head of the Mathematics Department, and pure mathematics by Peter Fraser. Both of them had come from Cambridge; Fraser had been appointed in 1906 to the staff of the Bristol University College, soon to become the University of Bristol, and Hassé joined him in 1919 as professor of mathematics. Fraser introduced them to mathematical rigour, projective geometry, and rigorous proofs in differential and integral calculus. Dirac would later say that Peter Fraser was "the best teacher he had ever had."

Dent studied four courses in pure mathematics:

There was a choice of specialisation in the final year; applied or pure mathematics. As the only official, registered feepaying student, Dent had the right to choose, and she settled on applied mathematics for the final year. The department could offer only one set of lectures so Dirac also had to follow the same course. Dent studied four courses in applied mathematics:

Newnham College, University of Cambridge (1923–1924)

In June 1923, Dent graduated with Dirac, gaining a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in applied mathematics with First Class Honours. On 7July 1923, she was awarded the Ashworth Hallett scholarship by the University of Bristol and was accepted as a postgraduate student at Newnham College in the University of Cambridge. On her death in 1922, Lilias Sophia Ashworth Hallett left one thousand pounds each to the University of Bristol and Girton College, University of Cambridge, to found scholarships for women. The University of Bristol scholarship was open to women graduates of a recognised college or university, and worth £45 at the time (). She spent a year at Cambridge, leaving in 1924 without further academic qualification. Before 1948, the University of Cambridge denied women graduates a degree, although in the same year as she left Cambridge, Katharine Margaret Wilson was the first woman to be awarded a PhD by the university.

Career

High School for Girls, Barnsley (1924–1925)

Dent spent the summer of 1924 at her parents' home in Warminster, playing mixed doubles tennis in a tournament organised by the local Women's Unionist Association. In September of the same year, she was appointed an assistant teacher in mathematics at the High School for Girls, in Barnsley, Huddersfield Road, on an annual salary of £250 (). Annie Rose Nuttall, the school's head teacher, was a former student at Newnham College. In the early 1920s, women who had studied university level mathematics faced limited employment prospects, as mathematics and engineering professions, other than perhaps school teaching, were dominated by men. Dent resigned her position on 31August 1925 after being appointed a demonstrator (research assistant) in the Department of Physics at the University of Bristol, with her salary being paid by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, the forerunner of the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC).

Department of Physics, University of Bristol (1925–1929)

In 1924, the University of Bristol Council had set aside a portion of a bequest from Henry Herbert Wills for the Department of Physics where Arthur Mannering Tyndall was building up a staff for teaching and research in the H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Royal Fort House Gardens. From August 1925, John Lennard-Jones, of Trinity College, University of Cambridge, was elected reader in mathematical physics. In March 1927, LennardJones was appointed Professor of Theoretical physics, a chair being created for him, with Dent becoming his research assistant in theoretical physics. LennardJones pioneered the theory of interatomic and intermolecular forces at Bristol and Dent became one of his first collaborators.

LennardJones and Dent published six papers together from 1926 to 1928, dealing with the forces between atoms and ions, with the objective of calculating theoretically the properties of carbonate and nitrate crystals. Dent's thesis for her master's degree, ' (1927), was the basis of the three papers that followed in 1927; with LennardJones, "", and with LennardJones and Sydney Chapman, "" and "". On 28June 1927, she was awarded a MSc degree for her thesis and research work. In 1927, the physics laboratory at Bristol had a surplus of funds, and so it was decided that the funds would be used to provide more technical help. Consequently, Dent was asked to combine her research duties with the post of parttime departmental librarian, the first appointment of librarian in the Department of Physics.

In 1928, LennardJones and Dent published two papers, "", and with Sydney Chapman, "", that studied the force fields on a thin crystal cleavage. Around this time, quantum mechanics was developed to become the standard formulation for atomic physics. LennardJones left Bristol in 1929 to study the subject for a year as a Rockefeller Fellow at the University of Göttingen. She wrote one last paper before leaving the physics department at Bristol: "" (1929) examined the effect of the polarisation of surface ions in decreasing the surface energy of alkali halides. In November 1929, she was appointed to the position of technical librarian for the scientific and technical staff in the research department at Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford Park, Manchester.

In December 1929, Dent resigned her position at Bristol and it was accepted with regret by the university council. Marjorie Josephine Littleton, the daughter of a local Bristol councillor and a graduate of Girton College, University of Cambridge, was appointed as her replacement on the 1February 1930. Littleton was later Sir Neville Mott's coauthor and research assistant in the physics department. In 1930, LennardJones returned to Bristol, as Dean of the Faculty of Science, and introduced the new quantum theories to the Bristol group.

Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford Park (1930–1960)

MetropolitanVickers was a British heavy industrial firm, wellknown for industrial electrical equipment and generators, street lighting, electronics, steam turbines, and diesel locomotives. They built the Metrovick 950, the first commercial transistorised computer. In 1917, a Research and Education Department was established at the Trafford Park site, when the care of the library came within the remit of James George Pearce. He made the library the centre of a new "technical intelligence" section. In the 1920s, the post of librarian was held by Lucy Stubbs, a former assistant librarian at the University of Birmingham, and past member of the first standing committee of ASLIB. Stubbs did not possess scientific qualifications, maintaining that a librarian, if assisted by other technical staff, did not need to understand science or engineering. In 1929, James Steele Park Paton reorganised and expanded the section with Dent succeeding Stubbs as technical librarian on 6January 1930. She joined the scientific and technical staff as was one of only two senior women in the research department, and in contrast to Stubbs, was employed principally for her technical skills.

Dent was honorary secretary to the founding committee for the ASLIB Lancashire and Cheshire branch from 1931 to 1936. In 1932, the branch had twentysix members and had organised four meetings, including one addressed by Sir Henry Tizard, the then President of ASLIB. After the war, it formed the basis for the Northern Branch of the association. Technical librarianship emerged as a new scientific career in interwar Britain and rapidly became one of the few types of professional industrial employment that was routinely open to both women and men. By 1933, Dent reported that the MetropolitanVickers library had three thousand engineering volumes and around the same number in pamphlets and patent specifications. Besides covering electrical subjects, the library covered accountancy, employment questions, and subjects of interest to the sales department. It also issued a weekly bulletin, scrutinised patents, handled patents taken out by research staff, and exchanged information with associated companies.

Dent continued to publish papers in applied mathematics and contribute to papers on emerging computational technologies. In "" (1935), she developed a detailed reduced major axis method for line fitting that built on the work of Robert Adcock and Charles Kummell. In 1937, David Myers, then at the Engineering Laboratory at the University of Oxford, asked Douglas Hartree and Arthur Porter to calculate the space charge limitation of secondary current in a triode. The calculations relied on some initial numerical integrations that were carried out by Dent on a differential analyser. The results corresponded closely to those obtained experimentally by Myers at Oxford. Her knowledge of higher mathematics meant that she was asked to check the mathematics in papers for publication by engineers at MetropolitanVickers. For example, Cyril Frederick Gradwell, a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge, asked her to scrutinise the algebraic part of his work in "" (1950). She would later analyse the problem of stress distribution in a thick disk based on a method devised by Philip Pollock, for Richard William Bailey , the former director of the mechanical, metallurgical, and chemical sections of the research department at MetropolitanVickers.

Dent was a delegate at the fourteenth International Conference on Documentation and was invited to the Government's conference dinner on 22September 1938 at the Great Dining Hall of Christ Church, Oxford. In 1939, she was elected to the editing committee of the ASLIB book list. In 1944, she was put in charge of the women working in the research department laboratory at MetropolitanVickers, and in 1946, she was promoted to section leader of the new computation section. Her role would bring her into contact with Audrey Stuckes, a materials science researcher in the department, and a graduate of Newnham College, who would later head the physics department at the University of Salford. In 1953, they collaborated on an investigation into the heating effects that occur when a current is passed through a semiconductor that has no barrier layer. Dent suggested methods to solve the equations and computed the numerical integrations. In the following year, she developed the Fourier analysis in "" (1954), that calculated the optimal radial oscillations to maintain cyclotron resonance in a synchrocyclotron. The causes of axial spreading of the charged particle beam during extraction were also analysed.

Dent joined the Women's Engineering Society and published papers on the application of digital computers to electrical design. With Brian Birtwistle, she wrote programs for the Ferranti Mark 1 (Mark 1) computer at the University of Manchester, that demonstrated that high speed digital computers could provide considerable assistance to the electrical design engineer. Birtwistle would later have an extensive career in the computer industry, working at, amongst others, Honeywell Information Systems and ADP Network Services. In 1958, she carried out computer calculations for the mechanical engineering team at the Nuclear Power Group, Radbroke Hall. Their paper outlined a procedure for calculating the theoretical deflection (bending) of a circular grid of support girders for a graphite neutron moderator in a gas-cooled reactor. A general expression was derived from the central deflection of the grid and the maximum bending moment on the central crossbeam for a range of grid diameters.

In 1959, and a year from retirement, Dent modelled a proposed Zeta circuit on the Mark 1 computer, for Eric Hartill's paper on constructing a highpower pulse transformer and circuit. The cost of the computation was about two thousand pounds (), corresponding to around eighty hours of machine time. She retired from MetropolitanVickers in May 1960, with Isabel Hardwich, later a fellow and president of the Women's Engineering Society, replacing her as section leader for the women in the research department.

Personal life

In the 1920s, Dent was living at Clifton Hill House, the university hall of residence for women in Clifton. May Christophera Staveley was her warden and tutor at Clifton Hill House, and Dent returned to Bristol on 22December 1934 for Staveley's funeral. Dent was a member of the Clifton Hill House Old Students Association, and secretary and treasurer of the group of former Clifton Hill House students. She would later write "I was very sorry indeed to leave Bristol and have many happy memories of my time there. I shall miss living at the lifton Hill HouseHall very much."

In 1926, Dent was elected treasurer of the University of Bristol's Convocation, the university's alumni association. In 1927, she was one of eleven people elected to the standing committee of the Convocation She later represented the Manchester branch of the association. Around 1926, Dent was appointed honorary secretary of the Bristol Cheeloo Association. The association's aim was to raise sufficient funds to support a chair of chemistry at Cheeloo University. In an effort to publicise the cause and raise money, she presented to the local branch of the Women's International League in October 1928.

In July 1929, in Dent's last year at Bristol, she went on holiday to North Devon with friends that included Gertrude Roxbee, known as "Rox", who had graduated with Dent in 1923 with a BSc in botany. After moving to Manchester in January 1930, Dent found shared lodgings at 10Montrose Avenue, West Didsbury, in the same house as Roxbee who, at that time, was a teacher at Whalley Range High School. At weekends, she would ramble to Hebden Bridge, and with Roxbee, learnt to figure skate at the Ice Palace, a former ice rink on Derby Street in Cheetham Hill.

In September 1930, she returned to Bristol for the ninetyeighth conference of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (British Association), meeting her friends at an alumnae association lunch. In the afternoon of the 4September 1930, she toured Avonmouth Docks as a conference member, and in the evening, was invited to a reception held by Walter Bryant, the then lord mayor of Bristol, at the Bristol Museum & Art Gallery.. On the following day, she visited an aircraft manufacturer at Whitchurch Airport and attended a garden party at Wills Hall.

On the Monday of the conference, Dent was in the audience to see Paul Dirac present his paper on the proton and the structure of matter. She would later comment:

Dent's father died on , at their shared home, 529King's Road, Stretford, with the funeral service taking place at StMatthew's Church, Stretford. She had close links to StMatthew's; from 1956 to 1962, she served as a school manager for StMatthew's Church of England Primary School at Poplar Road, Stretford. She never married, believing that getting married, and the subsequent pressures of family responsibilities, would be a "wastage" of a woman's training. However, she also believed that women leaving employment to get married would mean promotion opportunities for other women, and that married women would still be able to return to work in midlife.

Later life and death

In 1962, Dent and her mother moved from Stretford to 1Cokeham Road, Sompting, a village in the coastal Adur District of West Sussex, between Lancing and Worthing. Her mother died on and was cremated at the Downs Crematorium on 10April 1967. Dent's sister, Florence Mary, also lived in the house until her death on . After a brief period as a teacher at a prep school in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, Florence worked as a secretary for a marine insurance firm attached to Lloyd's of London at 12 Leadenhall Street, commuting into London from Harrow each day.

Beryl May Dent died at Worthing Hospital on after a long period of disablement. The funeral service was held on 12August 1977 at St Mary's Church, Sompting, followed by cremation. Her ashes were interred at Worthing Crematorium, in the Gardens of Rest, towards the Spring Glades, and her entry in the book of remembrance at the crematorium states:

There is also a memorial to her at the Church of StMary the Blessed Virgin, Sompting. The bishop's chair, situated close to the altar, bears a brass plaque with the following inscription:

Her Christian faith is perhaps not unexpected, given her father's work for the church in Warminster, and the era she grew up in, where religion pervaded social and political life. However, it is notable that she remained a committed Christian while pursuing a scientific career.

Legacy

An archive of Dent's papers, that relate to her life and work in the 1920s in the physics department at the University of Bristol, is held in the Special Collections of the University of Bristol Arts and Social Sciences Library, in Tyndall Avenue, Bristol. Included in that archive is a series of s, written in the 1930s by members of the Clifton Hill House Old Students' Association, that include news and photographs of Dent, her family, and friends.

Atomic force microscopy

In 1928, LennardJones and Dent published two papers, "" and "", that for the first time, outlined a calculation of the potential of the electric field in a vacuum, produced by a thin sodium chloride crystal surface. They gave an expression for the electric potential produced by a system of point charges in vacuum (although not a real cubic sodium chloride ionic lattice). The expression for the potential in vacuum, $\varphi_\left(r\right)$, at the point r = , ''near'' the cubic lattice of point ions with different signs, the charge $e_$, and the period ''a'' (a crystalline solid is distinguished by the fact that the atoms making up the crystal are arranged in a periodic fashion), can be represented in the form:

:$r_=\left\$ is the lateral vector that fixes the observation point coordinates in the sample plane.
:$k_$ is the reciprocal lattice vector.
:''s'' is the number of planes to be calculated inside the crystal; ''s'' set to zero would calculate the surface plane.

The expression sums the set of potential static charges for the surface and lower planes of the crystal lattice. LennardJones and Dent showed that this expression forms a rapidly convergent Fourier series. Harold Eugene Buckley, a crystallographic researcher at the University of Manchester until his death in 1959, had suggested that their results should be treated with caution. For example, the contraction a crystal plane would suffer under the conditions prescribed would not be the same as that of a similar plane with a solid mass of crystal behind it. Another difficulty arises because calculation of crystal surface field force fields are so great that simplifying assumptions have to be made to render them capable of a solution.

Michael Jaycock and Geoffrey Parfitt, then respectively senior lecturer in surface and colloid chemistry at Loughborough University of Technology and professor of chemical engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, concurred with Buckley, noting that "an ideal crystal, in which the ionic positions at the surface were identical to those achieved in the bulk crystal... is obviously extremely improbable." However, they acknowledged that the LennardJones and Dent model was singularly elegant, and like most researchers working before the advent of modern computers, they were limited in what could be attempted computationally. Nonetheless, LennardJones and Dent demonstrated that the force exerted on a single ion, by a surface with evenly distributed positive and negative ions, decreases very rapidly with increasing distance. Later work by Jason Cleveland, Manfred Radmacher, and Paul Hansma, has shown that this result has direct application to atomic force microscopy by predicting that noncontact imaging is possible only at small tipsample separations.

Reduced major axis regression

The theoretical underpinnings of standard least squares regression analysis are based on the assumption that the independent variable (often labelled as ''x'') is measured without error as a design variable. The dependent variable (labeled ''y'') is modeled as having uncertainty or error. Both independent and dependent measurements may have multiple sources of error. Therefore, the underlying least squares regression assumptions can be violated. Reduced major axis (RMA) regression is specifically formulated to handle errors in both the ''x'' and ''y'' variables. If the estimate of the ratio of the error variance of ''y'' to the error variance of ''x'' is denoted by ', then the reduced major axis method assumes that ' can be approximated by the ratio of the total variances of ''x'' and ''y''. RMA minimizes both vertical and horizontal distances of the data points from the predicted line (by summing areas) rather than the least squares sum of squared vertical (''y''axis) distances.

In Dent's 1935 paper on linear regression, entitled "", she admitted that when the variances in the ''x'' and ''y'' variables are unknown, "we cannot hope to find the true positions of the observed points, but only their most probable positions." However, by treating the probability of the errors in terms of Gaussian error functions, she contended that this expression may be regarded as "a function of the unknown quantities", or the likelihood function of the data distribution. Furthermore, she argued that maximising this function to obtain the maximum likelihood estimation, subject to the condition that the points are collinear, will give the parameters for the line of best fit. She then deduced formulae for the errors in estimating the centroid and the line inclination when the data consists of a single (unrepeated) observation.

Maurice Kendall and Alan Stuart showed that the maximum likelihood estimator of a likelihood function, depending on a parameter $\theta$, satisfies the following quadratic equation:

:where ''x'' and ''y'' are the $\mathbf$ and $\mathbf$ vectors in a covariance matrix giving the covariance between each pair of ''x'' and ''y'' variables.

Using the quadratic formula to solve for the positive root (or zero) of ():

Inspection of () shows that as ' tends to plus infinity, the positive root tends to:

Correspondingly, as ' tends to zero, the root tends to:

Dent had solved the maximum likelihood estimator in the case where the covariance matrix is not known. Dent's maximum likelihood estimator is the geometric mean of $\theta_$ and $\theta_$, equivalent to:

Dennis Lindley repeated Dent's analysis and stated that Dent's geometric mean estimator is not a consistent estimator for the likelihood function, and that the gradient of the estimate will have a bias, and this remains true even if the number of observations tends to infinity. Subsequently, Theodore Anderson pointed out that the likelihood function has no maximum in this case, and therefore, there is no maximum likelihood estimator. Kenneth Alva Norton, a former consulting engineer with the then National Bureau of Standards, responded to Lindley, stating Lindley's own methods and assumptions lead to a biased prediction. Furthermore, Albert Madansky, now H. G. B. Alexander professor emeritus of business administration at University of Chicago Booth School of Business, noted that Lindley took the wrong root for the quadratic in () for the case where $x^y$ is negative.

Richard J. Smith has stated that Dent was the first to develop a RMA regression method for line fitting that built on the work of Robert Adcock in "" (1878) and Charles Kummell in "" (1879). It is now believed that she was the first to propose what is often called the geometric mean functional relationship estimator of slope, and that her essential arguments can be generalised to any number of variables. Moreover, although her solution has its theoretical limitations, it is of practical importance, as it likely represents the best a priori estimate if nothing is known about the true error distribution in the model. It is generally much less reasonable to assume that all the error, or residual scatter, is attributable to one of the variables.

Electrical design using digital computers

In the 1950s, British electrical engineers would rarely use a digital computer, and if they did, it would be to solve some complicated equation outside the scope of analogue computers. To a certain extent, engineers were deterred by the difficulty and the time taken to program a particular problem. Furthermore, the varied and often unique problems that arise in electrical design practice, together with the degree of uncertainty of the numerical data of many problems, accentuated this tendency. On 10 April 1956, Dent and Brian Birtwistle presented their paper, "", to the Convention on Digital Computer Techniques at the Institution of Electrical Engineers. The paper was intended to show, by describing three relatively simple applications, that the digital computer could be a useful aid to the electrical design engineer. The three example problems were:

The Ferranti Mark 1 computer at the University of Manchester was used for the calculations in the three problems. Dent was allowed to use the University's library of subroutines, from which the following were taken and incorporated into the programs:

** Exponential.
** Sine and cosine.
** Square root.
** Solution of simultaneous equations.
** Inversion of matrices.
** Integration of differential equations by Runge–Kutta methods.

The first problem of calculating the impulse voltage distribution on transformer windings took about five hours of machine time. Conversely, a hand calculation, using a method described by Thomas John Lewis in "" (1954), took around three months. The use of a computer in the second problem allowed for a more accurate solution as it was possible to include nonlinear magnetic characteristics in the calculation. In the last problem, the torque and speed curves for the synchronous motors were calculated in around fifteen minutes. Their paper was one of the first to recognise that high speed digital computers could provide considerable assistance to the electrical design engineer by carrying out automatically the optimum design of products.

Significant research had been devoted to determining a transformer's internal transient voltage distribution. Early attempts were hampered by computational limitations encountered when solving large numbers of coupled differential equations with analogue computers. It was not until Dent, with Hartill and Miles, in "" (1958), recognised the limitations of the analogue models and developed a digital computer model, and associated program, where nonuniformity in the transformer windings could be introduced and any input voltage applied.

Publications

Selected papers and academic articles

Publications detail

Dent

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Birtwistle

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Fleming

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Hartill and Miles

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Lennard‑Jones

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Lennard‑Jones and Chapman

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Paton

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As contributing mathematician and programmer

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See also

Footnotes

References

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{{Refn, name="British Association 1930",
{{Cite book, author= , year=1930 , title=Report of the Ninety‑Eighth Meeting at Bristol from 3 to 10 September , section=A. Mathematics. 8 September1930. Dr. P. A. M. Dirac. The Proton , publisher=British Association for the Advancement of Science , page=303 , location=London , language=en , oclc=1052539344 , section-url=https://archive.org/details/reportofbritisha31adva/page/303 , access-date=14 September 2021

{{Refn, name="Buckley 1951",
{{Cite book, last1=Buckley , first1=Harold Eugene , year=1951 , title=Crystal Growth , chapter=6 Recent Theories of Crystal Growth , publisher=Wiley , page=178 , location=New York , language=en , oclc=574492499 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.425322/page/178 , chapter-url-access=registration , access-date=19 August 2020

{{Refn, name="Choudhary Nagaraja 2017",
{{Cite book, last1=Choudhary , first1=Pankaj Kumar , last2=Nagaraja , first2=Haikady Navada , year=2017 , title=Measuring agreement: models, methods, and applications , publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc , chapter=1. Introduction , page=41 , location=Hoboken , language=en , isbn=978-1-118-55324-4 , oclc=1031484921

{{Refn, name="Clark 1934",
{{Cite book, last1=Clark , first1=Cecil Henry Douglas , year=1934 , title=The electronic structure and properties of matter; an introductory study of certain properties of matter in the light of atomic numbers , publisher=Chapman & Hall , page=326 , location=London , language=en , oclc=8102373 , hdl=2027/wu.89100400514?urlappend=%3Bseq=358

{{Refn, name="Cleveland Radmacher Hansma 1995",
{{Cite book, last1=Cleveland , first1=Jason Paul , last2=Radmacher , first2=Manfred , last3=Hansma , first3=Paul Kenneth , author3-link=Paul K. Hansma , editor1-last=Güntherodt , editor1-first=Hans-Joachim , editor2-last=Anselmetti , editor2-first=Dario , editor3-last=Meyer , editor3-first=Ernst , others=NATO Scientific Affairs Division , year=1995 , title=Forces in scanning probe methods , chapter=Atomic Scale Force Mapping with the Atomic Force Microscope , publisher=Kluwer Academic , pages=543{{Ndash550 , location=Dordrecht , language=en , doi=10.1007/978-94-011-0049-6_52 , isbn=978-0-7923-3406-4 , oclc=92497589 , quote=Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Forces in Scanning Probe Methods, Schluchsee, Germany, 7 to 18 March 1994. First published in ''{{Citeref, Cleveland, Radmacher, Hansma, 1994, Applied Sciences, style=plain'' (1994).

{{Refn, name="Crawford 1999",
{{Cite book , last1=Crawford , first1=Elizabeth , year=1999 , title=The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928 , section=Hallett, Lilias Sophia Ashworth , publisher=UCL Press , pages=259{{Ndash262 , location=London , language=en , isbn=978-1-84142-031-8 , oclc=925268802 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2EK9P7-ZMsC&pg=PA261 , access-date=13 August 2021

{{Refn, name="Dalitz 1990",
{{Cite book, last1=Dalitz , first1=Richard Henry , author1-link=Richard Dalitz , editor1-last=Kurşunoğlu , editor1-first=Behram Nazim , editor1-link=Behram Kurşunoğlu , editor2-last=Wigner , editor2-first=Eugene Paul , editor2-link=Eugene Wigner , year=1990 , title=Reminiscences about a great physicist: Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac , chapter=10. Another side to Paul Dirac. Dirac's engineering training , publisher=Cambridge University Press , page=72 , location=Cambridge , language=en , isbn=978-0-521-34013-7 , oclc=1106876593 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/pauladrienmauric0000unse/page/72 , access-date=15 July 2020 , chapter-url-access=registration

{{Refn, name="Davey 1934",
{{Cite book, last1=Davey , first1=Wheeler Pedlar , year=1934 , title=A study of crystal structure and its applications , chapter=XII The Mechanism of Crystal Growth and its Consequences , publisher= McGraw‑Hill Book Company, Inc , page=383 , location=London , language=en , oclc=1087607482 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.551/page/n395 , access-date=15 July 2020

{{Refn, name="Degeneff 2004",
{{Cite book, last1=Degeneff , first1=Robert Charles , editor1-last=Harlow , editor1-first=James Hayward , editor1-link=James Hayward Harlow , year=2004 , title=Electric power transformer engineering , chapter=3.10 Transient‑Voltage Response , publisher=CRC Press , page=396 , location=Boca Raton , language=en , isbn=978-0-8493-1704-0 , oclc=928296389 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/ElectricPowerTransformerEngineering/page/n396 , access-date=15 July 2020

{{Refn, name="Farmelo 2009",
{{Cite book, last1=Farmelo , first1=Graham , author1-link=Graham Farmelo , date=4 August 2009 , title=The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Quantum Genius , chapter=4. September 1921{{Spaced ndashSeptember 1923 , publisher=Faber and Faber , pages=49{{Ndash50 , location=London , language=en , isbn=978-0-465-01827-7 , oclc=1052113037 , quote=See The Strangest Man.

{{Refn, name="Gilbert Sullivan 1984",
{{Cite book, last1=Gilbert , first1=William Schwenck , author1-link=W. S. Gilbert , last2=Sullivan , first2=Arthur Seymour , author2-link=Arthur Sullivan , editor1-last=Bradley , editor1-first=Ian , editor1-link=Ian Bradley , year=1984 , title=The Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan , chapter=Princess Ida , publisher=Penguin Books , pages=96{{Ndash97 , location=London , language=en , isbn=978-981-279-501-4 , oclc=666958945 , chapter-url={{Google books, AIhpDQAAQBAJ, page=PA96, plainurl=y , access-date=1 September 2021

{{Refn, name="Harper 2014",
{{Cite book, last1=Harper , first1=William Victor , date=15 July 2014 , title=Proceedings of the International Conference on the Teaching of Statistics , chapter=Reduced Major Axis Regression: Teaching Alternatives to Least Squares , publisher=International Association for Statistical Education , series= ICOTS 9 2014 , pages=1{{Ndash4 , location=Ohio , language=en , isbn=978-1-118-44511-2 , chapter-url=https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/math_fac/24 , access-date=27 October 2020

{{Refn, name="Jackson 2016",
{{Cite thesis, last1=Jackson , first1=Veronica Mary , year=2016 , title=Metropolitan‑Vickers: Arthur Fleming's influence on the origins and evolution of apprentice training and technical education, with particular reference to female college and student apprentices between 1945 to 1967 , section=Part Three: Isabel Hardwich a WES stalwart at Metrovicks , publisher=Department of history, politics and philosophy, Manchester Metropolitan University , pages=240{{Ndash250 , location=Manchester , language=en , type=PhD , oclc=1064617499 , section-url=https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/615896/1/Veronica%20Jackson%20-%20Thesis%202016.pdf#page=252 , access-date=5 September 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020133628/https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/615896/1/Veronica%20Jackson%20-%20Thesis%202016.pdf , archive-date=20 October 2021

{{Refn, name="Jansen Barrett 1978",
{{Cite book, last1=Jansen , first1=Jacques , last2=Barrett , first2=John Frederick , date=1 January 1978 , title=EUT Report, Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering , chapter=On the Theory of Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Structural Relations. Part 1: One Dimensional Case , publisher=Group Measurement and Control, Eindhoven University of Technology , volume=78 , pages=3, 15{{Ndash16 , location=Eindhoven , language=en , isbn=978-90-6144-078-9 , issn=0929-8533 , oclc=471610518 , chapter-url=https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/4259628/7802107.pdf#page=6 , access-date=21 September 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613043507/https://pure.tue.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/4259628/7802107.pdf , archive-date=13 June 2020

{{Refn, name="Jaycock Parfitt 1981",
{{Cite book, last1=Jaycock , first1=Michael James , last2=Parfitt, first2=Geoffrey Derek , year=1981 , title=Chemistry of Interfaces , chapter=4. The Description of Solid Surfaces. The surface energy of a solid. Calculated surface energy values , publisher= Ellis Horwood , edition=1st , pages=title page, 141 , location=Chichester , language=en , oclc=6487821 , isbn=978-0-470-27096-7 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/chemistryofinter0000jayc_e5k4/page/141 , access-date=12 September 2021

{{Refn, name="Kelly's Directory 1911",
{{Cite book, author= , year=1911 , title=Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire , publisher= Kelly and Co , pages=263{{Ndash264 , location=London , language=en , oclc=936206264 , url=http://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/70875 , access-date=20 February 2021

{{Refn, name="Kendall Stuart 1967",
{{Cite book, last1=Kendall , first1=Sir Maurice George , author1-link=Maurice Kendall , last2=Stuart , first2=Alan , year=1967 , title=Inference and Relationship , publisher=Hafner Publishing Company , series=The Advanced Theory of Statistics , volume=2 , edition=2nd , page=387 , location=New York , language=en , oclc=922075818 Cited in "{{Citeref, Diewert, Fox, 2008, On the estimation of returns to scale, technical progress and monopolistic markups, style=plain" (2008), p. 183.

{{Refn, name="Lavington 2019",
{{Cite book, last1=Lavington , first1=Simon , year=2019 , title=Early computing in Britain: Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 to 1958 , chapter=17.2 Ferranti Programmers , publisher=Springer Nature , page=355 , location=Colchester , language=en , isbn=978-3-030-15103-4 , oclc=1107699799

{{Refn, name="Library of Congress 1902",
{{Cite book, last1=Library of Congress , author1-link=Library of Congress , last2=Copyright Office , author2-link=United States Copyright Office , date=April 1902 , title=Catalog of copyright entries , publisher=United States Government Printing Office , page=1043 , volume=32 , number=22 , location=Washington , language=en , oclc=847960278 , url=https://archive.org/details/catalogoftitlee1902libr/page/1043 , access-date=5 September 2020 , quote=Class C. Musical Compositions. April to June Second Quarter 1902

{{Refn, name="Mark 1984",
{{Cite book, last1=Mark , first1=David Michael , author1-link=David Mark (scientist) , editor1-last=Gaile , editor1-first=Gary Lee , editor2-last=Willmott , editor2-first=Cort James , year=1984 , title=Spatial Statistics and Models , chapter=Some Problems With the Use of Regression Analysis in Geography , publisher=D. Reidel , pages=195{{Ndash196 , location=Dordrecht , language=en , isbn=978-94-017-3048-8 , oclc=883391388 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/spatialstatistic0040unse/page/195 , chapter-url-access=registration , access-date=26 October 2020

{{Refn, name="Mehra Rechenberg 1982",
{{Cite book, last1=Mehra , first1=Jagdish , author1-link=Jagdish Mehra , last2=Rechenberg , first2=Helmut , author2-link=Helmut Rechenberg , date=1 December 1982 , title=Part 1: The fundamental equations of quantum mechanics , chapter=I Paul Dirac's Intellectual Development. I.3 Studying Applied Mathematics , volume=4 , publisher= Springer‑Verlag , pages=13{{Ndash14 , location=New York , language=en , isbn=978-0-387-90680-5 , oclc=1149230386 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalequat0004mehr/page/12 , access-date=15 July 2020 , chapter-url-access=registration

{{Refn, name="Mehra 2001",
{{Cite book, last1=Mehra , first1=Jagdish , year=2001 , title=The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics , publisher=World Scientific Publishing Company , volume=1 , page=671 , location=Singapore , language=en , isbn=978-981-281-058-8 , oclc=8603715103 , url={{Google books, o1XVCgAAQBAJ, page=PA671, plainurl=y , access-date=15 July 2020

{{Refn, name="Mellor 1935",
{{Cite book, last1=Mellor , first1=Joseph William , author1-link=Joseph Mellor , date=July 1935 , title=A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry , publisher=Longmans, Green & Co , volume=14 , pages=359{{Ndash3361 , location=London , language=en , oclc=704414607 , url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.7914/page/n369 , access-date=16 November 2020

{{Refn, name="Newnham College 1979",
{{Cite book, author= , year=1979 , title=Newnham College Register , publisher=Newnham College , volume=1 , series=1871 to 1923 , edition=2nd , pages=341{{Ndash342 , location=Cambridge , language=en , oclc=14716878

{{Refn, name="Norton 1957",
{{Cite book, last1=Norton , first1=Kenneth Alva , year=1957 , title=Fitting an arbitrary functional relationship by least squares with all of the variables subject to error , publisher=National Bureau of Standards , pages=1.8{{Ndash1.10 , id=NBS Report 5068 , location=Gaithersburg , language=en , oclc=897982844 , url=https://archive.org/details/fittingarbitrary5068nort/page/n13 , access-date=23 August 2020

{{Refn, name="Research Council 1927",
{{Cite book, author=Research Council , author1-link=Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (United Kingdom) , date=1927 , title=Report of the Committee of the Privy Council for Scientific and Industrial Research for the Year 1925 to 1926 , chapter=Appendix VII List of Publications by Individuals in Receipt of Grants, Brought to the Notice of the Department During the Year , publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) , series=Reports of Commissioners , page=146 , location=London , language=en , oclc=784035420 , hdl=2027/uiug.30112045124630?urlappend=%3Bseq=608 , quote=Page 608 in volume.

{{Refn, name="Royle 2020",
{{Cite book, last1=Royle , first1=Tony , year=2020 , title=The Flying Mathematicians of World War I , publisher=McGill–Queen's University Press , chapter=Industrialisation and the Admiralty. The Environment for Women , page=152 , location=Montreal , language=en , oclc=1240790871 , isbn=978-0-2280-0373-1

{{Refn, name="Seitz 1940",
{{Cite book, last1=Seitz , first1=Frederick , author1-link=Frederick Seitz , editor1-last=DuBridge , editor1-first=Lee Alvin , editor1-link=Lee Alvin DuBridge , year=1940 , title=The Modern theory of solids , publisher= McGraw‑Hill Book Company, Inc , series=International series in physics , edition=First , page=49 , location=New York , language=en , oclc=1164096117 , url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.37097/page/n69 , access-date=3 September 2020

{{Refn, name="Sprent 1990",
{{Cite book, last1=Sprent , first1=Peter , editor1-last=Brown , editor1-first=Philip J. , editor2-last=Fuller , editor2-first=Wayne Arthur , editor2-link=Wayne Fuller , others=National Science Foundation, United States Army Research Laboratory , year=1990 , title=Statistical Analysis of Measurement Error Models and Applications , chapter=General Problems. Some History of Functional and Structural Relationships , publisher=American Mathematical Society , volume=112 , series=Contemporary Mathematics , page=4 , location=Providence , language=en , oclc=757209017 , isbn=978-0-8218-5117-3 , mr=1087095 , issn=0271-4132 , doi=10.1090/conm/112 , quote=Proceedings of the AMS-IMS-SIAM Joint Summer Research Conference in the Mathematical Sciences held 10 to 16 June 1989 , chapter-url={{Google books, TRkcCAAAQBAJ, page=PA4, plainurl=y , access-date=14 September 2021

{{Refn, name="Staveley Barry 1921",
{{Cite book, last1=Staveley , first1=May Christophera , author1-link=May Staveley , last2=Barry , first2=Rhoda Thurburn , year=1921 , title=Register of Women Students from 1907 , publisher=University of Bristol Special Collections , section=Index D , location=Bristol , language=en , id=DM2200/3/1 , oclc=1259039690 , section-url=https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM2200%2f3%2f1 , access-date=10 September 2021

{{Refn, name="Thompson 1992",
{{Cite book, last1=Thompson , first1=Norman , date=October 1992 , title=The History of the Department of Physics in Bristol: 1948 to 1988 , publisher=University of Bristol , location=Bristol , language=en , oclc=1259040866 , url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/physics/media/histories/07-thompson.pdf , access-date=21 September 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722045744/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/physics/media/histories/07-thompson.pdf , archive-date=22 July 2018

{{Refn, name="Thompson 2000",
{{Cite book, last1=Thompson , first1=James , year=2000 , title=A Centennial History of the Library of the University of Birmingham: 1880 to 1995 , publisher=University of Birmingham , pages=51{{Ndash52 , location=Birmingham , language=en , oclc=247399513 , isbn=978-0-7044-2096-0

{{Refn, name="Thornton 1940",
{{Cite book, last1=Thornton , first1=John Leonard , year=1940 , title=Special Library Methods: An introduction to special librarianship , publisher= Grafton & Co , page=103 , location=London , language=en , oclc=500012467 , url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.105445/page/n131 , access-date=15 September 2020

{{Refn, name="Tyndall 1956",
{{Cite book, last1=Tyndall , first1=Arthur Mannering , author1-link=Arthur Mannering Tyndall , date=August 1956 , title=A History of the Department of Physics in Bristol 1876 to 1948. With personal reminiscences , publisher=University of Bristol , location=Bristol , language=en , oclc=1259038904 , url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/physics/media/histories/06-tyndall1.pdf , access-date=16 July 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118182203/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/physics/media/histories/06-tyndall1.pdf , archive-date=18 January 2018

{{Refn, name="Weaver 1960",
{{Cite book, last1=Weaver , first1=Clark , editor1-last=Thomas , editor1-first=Émile , year=1960 , title=Proceedings of the First International Congress on Vacuum Techniques 10 to 13 June 1958 , series=Advances in vacuum science and technology , chapter=Adhesion of Thin Films , publisher=Pergamon Press , volume=2 , page=734 , location=Oxford , language=en , oclc=1145776896 , chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/advancesinvacuum0000inte/page/734 , access-date=15 July 2020 , chapter-url-access=registration

{{Refn, name="Year Book Press 1916",
{{Cite book, author= , year=1916 , title=The Schoolmasters' Yearbook and Educational Directory: A Reference Book of Secondary and University Education in England and Wales , section=Part II: Educational Directory of Masters in Secondary and Technical Schools, University Professors, Lecturers, and Others Connected with Education , publisher=Year Book Press , page=158 , location=London , language=en , issue=14 , oclc=7974973

{{Refn, name="Sussex Family History Group 2003",
{{Cite report, author=Sompting and Lancing Pastfinders , date=May 2003 , title=Sompting St Mary Transcriptions , publisher=Sussex Family History Group , page=31 , id=Church15 and Church37 , location=Brighton , language=en , quote=Credit: Eileen Colwell, Secretary, Lancing and Sompting Pastfinders, who researched Dent's memorial. See also '{{Citeref, Excell, Excell, 1979, Monumental Inscriptions at Sompting Parish Church, style=plain' in ''Sussex Family Historian''

{{Refn, name="Will 1975",
{{Cite report, author=Gates and Moloney Solicitors , others=Edward Victor Kemp, Florence Mary Dent , date=31 October 1975 , title=Beryl May Dent , publisher= Probate Service , type=Will and testament , page=1 , location=Lancing , language=en , id=770511267B

{{Refn, name="Worthing Crematorium 2020",
{{Cite report, author=Worthing Crematorium , date=2 September 2020 , title=Extract from Cremation Register , publisher=Worthing Borough Council , location=Worthing , language=en , quote=Dent, Beryl May, Gardens of Rest, Spring Glades, row 11, plot 32.

{{Refn, name="Anderson 1976",
{{Cite journal , last1=Anderson , first1=Theodore Wilbur , author1-link=Theodore Wilbur Anderson , year=1976 , title=Estimation of Linear Functional Relationships: Approximate Distributions and Connections with Simultaneous Equations in Econometrics , journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , publisher=Wiley-Blackwell , series=B (Methodological) , volume=38 , issue=1 , pages=1{{Ndash36 , location=London , language=en , oclc=18305542 , jstor=2984825 , issn=0035-9246 , doi=10.1111/j.2517-6161.1976.tb01562.x , doi-access=free

{{Refn, name="ASLIB 1939",
{{Cite journal, author= , year=1939 , title=A Brief Survey , journal=Report of Proceedings , publisher=ASLIB , volume=16 , series=16th Conference , page=8 , location=London , language=en , oclc=706048068 , quote=The annual conference was to be held at the University of Nottingham, University College, Nottingham, from September 15 to 18 1939. However, the meeting did not take place due to the outbreak of the Second World War.

{{Refn, name="Barker 1989",
{{Cite journal, last1=Barker , first1=Frank , others=Computing and Control Division. Professional Group C9 (Control Techniques and Applications) , date=December 1989 , title=The Estimation of Range Rate , journal=Colloquium on State Estimation in Aerospace and Tracking Applications , publisher=Institution of Engineering and Technology , series=Digest number 1989/152 , pages=Part 3 1{{Ndash9 , location=Piscataway , language=en , oclc=52609562 , url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/199173 , access-date=8 September 2021 , quote=Date of Conference 14 December 1989.

{{Refn, name="Ben‑Ephraim Folman 1984",
{{Cite journal, last1=Ben‑Ephraim , first1=Ari , last2=Folman , first2=Mordechai , date=1 January 1984 , title=Electrostatic potential above the (100) surface plane of a face‑centred cubic ionic crystal with a continuous three‑dimensional electron charge density distribution , journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions , publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry , series=2 Molecular and Chemical Physics , volume=80 , issue=6 , pages=681{{Ndash693 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1039/F29848000681 , issn=0300-9238 , url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1984/f2/f29848000681 , url-access=subscription , access-date=15 July 2020

{{Refn, name="Brightman 1956",
{{Cite journal, last1=Brightman , first1=Rainald , date=1 March 1956 , title=The Northern Branch: Retrospect and Prospect , journal=Report of Proceedings of the Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux , publisher=ASLIB , volume=8 , issue=3 , pages=204{{Ndash211 , location=Bingley , language=en , doi=10.1108/eb049598 , issn=0001-253X

{{Refn, name="Building Research Station 1959",
{{Cite journal, author=Building Research Station , author1-link=Building Research Establishment , others=Department of Scientific and Industrial Research , date=May 1959 , title=Theory and Performance of Structures , journal=Building Science Abstracts , publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) , volume=32 , series=695 to 868 , number=5 , page=139 , location=Garston , language=en , id=747. UDC: 539.1 , issn=0007-3636 , oclc=969454527 , hdl=2027/uiug.30112057110048?urlappend=%3Bseq=165 , quote=A method of calculating the deflection of the graphite‑support‑grid for a gas{{Hyphencooled reactor.

{{Refn, name="Burt 1949",
{{Cite journal, last1=Burt , first1=Cyril , author1-link=Cyril Burt , editor1-last=Burt , editor1-first=Cyril , editor1-mask=1 , editor2-last=Thomson , editor2-first=Godfrey , editor2-link=Godfrey Thomson , others=British Psychological Society , date=July 1949 , title=Alternative Methods of Factor Analysis. II Highest Common Factors , journal=British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, British Journal of Statistical Psychology , publisher=Hazell, Watson and Viney , volume=2 , series=Statistical Section , issue=2 , pages=98{{Ndash121 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1111/j.2044-8317.1949.tb00271.x , issn=2044-8317 , url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.4200/page/98 , access-date=28 August 2021

{{Refn, name="Deer 1961",
{{Cite journal, last1=Deer , first1=William Alexander , author1-link=William Alexander Deer , year=1961 , title=Memorial of Harold Eugene Buckley , journal=American Mineralogist , publisher=Mineralogical Society of America , series=March to April 1961. Part 2 , volume=46 , number=6 , pages=481{{Ndash484 , location=Chantilly , language=en , issn=1945-3027 , oclc=01480430 , url=http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM46/AM46_481.pdf , access-date=27 May 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116095555/http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM46/AM46_481.pdf , archive-date=16 November 2020

{{Refn, name="Diewert Fox 2008",
{{Cite journal, last1=Diewert , first1=Walter Erwin , author1-link=Walter Erwin Diewert , last2=Fox , first2=Kevin John , date=1 July 2008 , title=On the estimation of returns to scale, technical progress and monopolistic markups , journal=Journal of Econometrics , publisher=Elsevier BV , series=The use of econometrics in informing public policy makers , location=North Holland , language=en , volume=145 , issue=1 , pages=174{{Ndash193 , doi=10.1016/j.jeconom.2008.05.002 , issn=0304-4076

{{Refn, name="Dorofeev Vinogradov 2012",
{{Cite journal, last1=Dorofeev , first1=Illarion Anatol'evich , last2=Vinogradov , first2=Evgeny Andreyevich , date=1 September 2012 , title=Structure of Electromagnetic Fields near the Surface of an Ionic Crystal , journal=Journal of Surface Investigation , publisher=Pleiades Publishing , series=X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques , location=Moscow , language=en , volume=6 , issue=5 , pages=796{{Ndash804 , doi=10.1134/S1027451012100059 , s2cid=95542444 , issn=1819-7094

{{Refn, name="Fienberg 2006",
{{Cite journal, last1=Fienberg , first1=Stephen Elliott , author1-link=Stephen Fienberg , date=March 2006 , title=When did Bayesian inference become 'Bayesian'? , journal=Bayesian Analysis (journal), Bayesian Analysis , publisher=International Society for Bayesian Analysis , via=Project Euclid , volume=1 , issue=1 , location=Durham , language=en , issn=1936-0975 , doi=10.1214/06-BA101, doi-access=free

{{Refn, name="General Post Office 1961",
{{Cite journal, author=General Post Office , author1-link=General Post Office , date=September 1961 , title=Manchester and Stoke‑On‑Trent , journal=Telephone directory , publisher=BT Archives , series=British Phone Books 1880 to 1984 , volume=11 , page=207 , oclc=631276559 , type=Online database , location=London , language=en

{{Refn, name="General Post Office 1963",
{{Cite journal, author=General Post Office , author1-link=General Post Office , date=May 1963 , title=Brighton, Canterbury and Tunbridge Wells , journal=Telephone directory , publisher=BT Archives , series=British Phone Books 1880 to 1984 , volume=4 , page=105 , oclc=631291081 , type=Online database , location=London , language=en

{{Refn, name="Hodge 1959",
{{Cite journal, last1=Hodge , first1=William Vallance Douglas , author1-link=W. V. D. Hodge , date=January 1959 , title=Peter Fraser , journal=London Mathematical Society#Publications, Journal of the London Mathematical Society , publisher=London Mathematical Society , volume=34 , series=1 , issue=1 , pages=111{{Ndash112 , location=London , language=en , issn=1469-7750 , doi=10.1112/jlms/s1-34.1.111

{{Refn, name="Hoffman Whitehead 1954",
{{Cite journal, editor1-last=Hoffman , editor1-first=Everett J. , editor2-last=Whitehead , editor2-first=Lawrence T. , date=15 August 1954 , title=Physics. Particle Accelerators. Regenerative Deflection as a Parametrically Excited Resonance Phenomenon , journal=Energy Science and Technology Database, Nuclear Science Abstracts , publisher=United States Atomic Energy Commission, USAEC Technical Information Service , volume=8 , number=15 , page=565 , location=Oak Ridge , language=en , id=Abstract 4734 , issn=0029-5612 , oclc=1352868 , hdl=2027/pst.000047758049?urlappend=%3Bseq=571%3Bownerid=77798995-570

{{Refn, name="Horrocks 2019",
{{Cite magazine , last1=Horrocks , first1=Sally , date=February 2019 , title=In Defence of Britain: Women in 20th-century Military Engineering , magazine=Viewpoint , publisher=British Society for the History of Science , number=118 , pages=10{{Ndash11 , location=London , language=en , issn=1751-8261 , oclc=649235406 , url=https://www.bshs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Viewpoint_118_Web.pdf#page=10 , access-date=21 September 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820121713/https://www.bshs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Viewpoint_118_Web.pdf , archive-date=20 August 2021

{{Refn, name="Institute of International Education 1929",
{{Cite journal, last1=Duggan , first1=Stephen Pierce Hayden , author1-link=Stephen P. Duggan , date=1 July 1929 , title=Great Britain. Catherine Winkworth Scholarship and Ashworth Hallett Scholarship , journal=Bulletin of Fellowships and Scholarships Open to American Students for Study in Foreign Countries , series=10 , volume=3 , number=1 , publisher=Institute of International Education , page=46 , location=New York , language=en , oclc=4560230 , hdl=2027/mdp.39015035852824?urlappend=%3Bseq=50

{{Refn, name="Jensen Lannung 1943",
{{Cite journal, last1=Jensen , first1=Aksel Tovborg , last2=Lannung , first2=Axel , year=1943 , title=Untersuchungen über Calciumchlorid und dessen Moonhydrat. II. Gitterdynamische Klarlegung des Energieüberschusses des feinteiligen Calciumchlorids , trans-title=Investigations on Calcium Chloride and its Monohydrate. II. Lattice dynamics explanation of the excess energy of finely divided calcium chloride , trans-section= , journal=Matematisk-Fysiske Meddelelser , trans-journal=Mathematical-Physical Notices , publisher=Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters , volume=20 , number=15 , pages=13{{Ndash16 , location=Copenhagen , language=de , oclc=930339949 , url=http://publ.royalacademy.dk/backend/web/uploads/2019-07-23/AFL%202/M_20_00_00_1942-1943_6345/M_20_15_00_1943_1031.pdf#page=13 , access-date=21 September 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815070220/http://publ.royalacademy.dk/backend/web/uploads/2019-07-23/AFL%202/M_20_00_00_1942-1943_6345/M_20_15_00_1943_1031.pdf , archive-date=15 August 2021

{{Refn, name="Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineer 1956",
{{Cite journal, author= , date=August 1956 , title=Design Problems , journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers , publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers , volume=2 , issue=20 , pages=485{{Ndash486 , location=London , language=en , issn=0368-2692 , doi=10.1049/jiee-3.1956.0206 , quote=Synoposis of Paper No. 2092 entitled 'The Digital Computer as an Aid to the Electrical Design Engineer', by Birtwistle and Dent.

{{Refn, name="Lindley 1947",
{{Cite journal, last1=Lindley , first1=Dennis Victor , author1-link=Dennis Lindley , year=1947 , title=Regression Lines and the Linear Functional Relationship , journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , publisher=Royal Statistical Society , series=Supplement Series B (Methodological) , volume=9 , issue=2 , pages=218{{Ndash244 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.2307/2984115 , jstor=2984115 , issn=1466-6162 , doi-access=free

{{Refn, name="MacKenzie 1905",
{{Cite journal, editor1-last=MacKenzie , editor1-first=Antoinette Mary , date=16 October 1905 , title=University Intelligence , journal=The Englishwoman's Review , publisher=Williams and Norgate , series=New Series , volume=36 , number=4 , pages=251{{Ndash252 , location=London , language=English , oclc=225646215 , hdl=2027/umn.31951002443042e?urlappend=%3Bseq=295 , quote={{Citeref, Murray, Stark, 1985, Republished in 1985, style=plain by Garland Science, Garland Publishing

{{Refn, name="Madansky 1959",
{{Cite journal, last1=Madansky , first1=Albert , date=1 March 1959 , title=The Fitting of Straight Lines when Both Variables are Subject to Error , journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association , publisher=American Statistical Association , volume=54 , issue=285 , pages=173{{Ndash205 , location=Alexandria , language=en , issn=0162-1459 , oclc=1480864 , jstor=2282145 , doi=10.1080/01621459.1959.10501505 , doi-access=free , url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-american-statistical-association_1959-03_54_285/page/173 , access-date=25 September 2022

{{Refn, name="Masson 1928",
{{Cite journal, last1=Masson , first1=Irvine , author1-link=Irvine Masson , others=B. P. Haigh, H. J. Gough, N. K. Adam, William Bragg, et al. , year=1928 , title=Cohesion and Related Problems. General Discussion , journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, Transactions of the Faraday Society , publisher=Faraday Society , volume=24 , pages=165{{Ndash179 , location=London , language=en , issn=0014-7672 , doi=10.1039/TF9282400165 , url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.229301/page/n207 , access-date=20 August 2021 , quote=On papers presented to the society on 23 November 1927.

{{Refn, name="Miles 1954",
{{Cite journal, last1=Miles , first1=James George , date=June 1954 , title=Analogue methods in the solution of engineering problems , journal=Students' Quarterly Journal , publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers , volume=24 , issue=96 , pages=195{{Ndash198 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1049/sqj.1954.0032 , issn=0039-2871

{{Refn, name="Mott 1955",
{{Cite journal, last1=Mott , first1=Nevill Francis , author1-link=Nevill Francis Mott , date=1 November 1955 , title=John Edward Lennard‑Jones, 1894 to 1954 , journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society , publisher=Royal Society , volume=1 , pages=175{{Ndash177 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1098/rsbm.1955.0013 , doi-access=free

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{{Cite journal, last1=Mott , first1=Nevill Francis , date=1 January 1989 , title=Defect physics and chemistry: some problems awaiting a solution , journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions , publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry , series=2. Molecular and Chemical Physics , volume=85 , issue=5 , pages=517{{Ndash520 , issn=0300-9238 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1039/F29898500517

{{Refn, name="Muddiman 2005",
{{Cite journal, last1=Muddiman , first1=Dave , date=14 February 2005 , title=A new history of ASLIB, 1924 to 1950 , journal=Journal of Documentation , publisher=Emerald Group Publishing , volume=61 , issue=3 , pages=402{{Ndash428 , location=Leeds , language=en , doi=10.1108/00220410510598553 , issn=0022-0418 , quote=Accepted 17 November 2004.

{{Refn, name="Murrell 2012",
{{Cite journal, last1=Murrell , first1=John Norman , author1-link=John Murrell (chemist) , date=5 September 2012 , title=The Origins and Later Developments of Molecular Orbital Theory , journal=International Journal of Quantum Chemistry , publisher=Wiley (publisher), John Wiley & Sons, LLC , volume=112 , issue=17 , pages=2875{{Ndash2879 , location=Hoboken , language=en , doi=10.1002/qua.23293

{{Refn, name="Nature 1925",
{{Cite journal, author= , date=1 February 1925 , title=University and Educational Intelligence , journal=Nature (journal), Nature , publisher=Nature Portfolio , volume=115 , issue=2887 , pages=320{{Ndash320 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1038/115320a0 , doi-access=free , bibcode=1925Natur.115..320. , issn=1476-4687

{{Refn, name="Nature 1926",
{{Cite journal, author= , date=19 June 1926 , title=Societies and Academies. Diary of Societies , journal=Nature (journal), Nature , publisher=Nature Portfolio , volume=117 , issue=2955 , pages=877{{Ndash880 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1038/117877b0 , doi-access=free , bibcode=1926Natur.117R.877. , issn=1476-4687

{{Refn, name="Peltu 1977",
{{Cite magazine , editor1-last=Peltu , editor1-first=Malcolm , date=29 September 1977 , title=Two board appointments at IBM (UK) , magazine=Computer Weekly , publisher=TI Media, IPC Electrical Electronic Press , volume=23 , number=569 , page=10 , location=London , language=en , issn=0010-4787 , oclc=1039292399 , url=https://archive.org/details/ComputerWeeklySupplement1977UKEnglish/Sep%2029%201977%2C%20Computer%20Weekly%20Supplement%2C%20%23569%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n5 , access-date=10 October 2020

{{Refn, name="Philip 1933",
{{Cite journal, editor1-last=Philip , editor1-first=Alex John , year=1933 , title=Libraries, Museums and Art Galleries in the British Isles , journal=The Libraries, Museums and Art Galleries Year Book , publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, & Co , page=131 , location=London , language=en , issn=0075-899X , oclc=1009021168 , url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.283455/page/n138 , access-date=16 November 2020

{{Refn, name="Smith 1958",
{{Cite journal, last1=Smith , first1=David Macleish , title=Richard William Bailey 1885 – 1957 , date=November 1958 , journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society , publisher=Royal Society , location=London , language=en , volume=4 , pages=15{{Ndash25 , issn=0080-4606 , jstor=769496 , doi=10.1098/rsbm.1958.0002 , doi-access=free , quote=Continuation of Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society Volumes 1 to 9 (1932–1954).

{{Refn, name="Plant 2005",
{{Cite journal, last1=Plant , first1=Helen , date=1 June 2005 , title=Women scientists in British industry: technical library and information workers, circa 1918 to 1960 , journal=Women's History Review , publisher=Routledge , volume=14 , issue=2 , pages=301{{Ndash322 , location=New York , language=en , s2cid=143781423 , issn=0961-2025 , doi=10.1080/09612020500200424

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{{Cite journal, last1=Porter , first1=Arthur , author1-link=Arthur Porter (engineer) , editor1-last=Haigh , editor1-first=Thomas , date=5 June 2003 , title=Biographies. Building the Manchester differential analyzers: A personal reflection , journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing , publisher=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE Computer Society , volume=25 , issue=2 , pages=86{{Ndash92 , location=Los Alamitos , language=en , doi=10.1109/MAHC.2003.1203065 , issn=1058-6180

{{Refn, name="Rood 2020",
{{Cite journal, last1=Rood , first1=Graham Martin , editor1-last=Hopkins , editor1-first=Robert , others=Aeronautical Heritage Group , date=7 May 2020 , title=The Royal Aircraft Establishment Farnborough. 100 years of Innovative Research, Development and Application , journal=Journal of Aeronautical History , publisher=Royal Aeronautical Society , volume=10 , pages=53{{Ndash113 , location=London , id=Paper 2020/04 Library Catalogue No. C113920 , language=en , url=https://www.aerosociety.com/media/13851/paper-2020-03-rood-rae-100.pdf , access-date=11 August 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711002916/https://www.aerosociety.com/media/13851/paper-2020-03-rood-rae-100.pdf , archive-date=11 July 2021 , quote=1.2 Post‑war financial cut-backs.

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{{Cite journal, last1=Sammis , first1=Charles , date=1 August 1972 , title=Lattice Dynamics of {{Chem, Mg, O, {{Chem, Al, 2, Mg, O, 4 and {{Chem, Mg, 2, Si, O, 4 Spinel , journal=Geophysical Journal International , publisher=Oxford University Press , volume=29 , issue=1 , pages=15{{Ndash42 , location=Oxford , language=en , doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.1972.tb06148.x , bibcode=1972GeoJ...29...15S , issn=0956-540X , doi-access=free

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{{Cite journal, last1=Smith , first1=Richard Jay , author1-link=Richard J. Smith , year=2009 , title=Use and misuse of the reduced major axis for line‑fitting , journal=American Journal of Biological Anthropology, American Journal of Physical Anthropology , publisher=American Association of Biological Anthropologists, American Association of Physical Anthropologists , volume=140 , issue=3 , page=477 , location=Washington , language=en , doi=10.1002/ajpa.21090 , pmid=19425097 , issn=1096-8644

{{Refn, name="Thomas 1978",
{{Cite journal, last1=Thomas , first1=John Bernard , date=1 October 1978 , title=The Day Training College: a Victorian innovation in teacher training , journal=British Journal of Teacher Education , publisher=Methuen Publishing, Methuen & Co , volume=4 , issue=3 , pages=249{{Ndash261 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1080/0260747780040309 , issn=0305-8913

{{Refn, name="University of Bristol 1926",
{{Cite journal, author=University of Bristol , author1-link=University of Bristol , year=1926 , title=Societies and Clubs. Alumni Association , journal=Calendar of the University of Bristol , publisher=J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd , page=384 , location=Bristol , language=en , issn=0305-3334 , oclc=924741357

{{Refn, name="University of Bristol 1928",
{{Cite journal, author=University of Bristol , author1-link=University of Bristol , year=1928 , title=Convocation Elections , journal=Calendar of the University of Bristol , publisher=J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd , pages=62, 85, 319 , location=Bristol , language=en , issn=0305-3334 , oclc=924741357

{{Refn, name="Villegas 1961",
{{Cite journal, last1=Villegas , first1=Cesáreo , date=December 1961 , title=Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Linear Functional Relationship , journal=Annals of Mathematical Statistics , publisher=Institute of Mathematical Statistics , volume=32 , issue=4 , pages=1048{{Ndash1062 , location=Uruguay , language=en , issn=0003-4851 , doi=10.1214/aoms/1177704845 , doi-access=free

{{Refn, name="The Woman Engineer Summer 1948",
{{Cite journal, editor1-last=Cooper , editor1-first=Joan Frances , year=1948 , title=Manchester Branch Report, 1947 to 1948 , journal=Women's Engineering Society#Work and campaigns, The Woman Engineer , publisher=Women's Engineering Society , series=Summer 1948 (page 264 in the volume) , volume=6 , number=12 , page=216 , location=London , language=en , issn=0043-7298 , url=https://twej.theiet.org/twej/WES_Vol_6.html#page=264 , via=Institution of Engineering and Technology , access-date=13 August 2021

{{Refn, name="Beenakker 2009",
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{{Refn, name="Chicago Booth 2022",
{{Cite web, author= , year=2022 , title=Albert Madansky. H. G. B. Alexander Professor of Business Administration Emeritus , website=www.chicagobooth.edu , publisher=University of Chicago Booth School of Business , location=Chicago , language=en , url=https://www.chicagobooth.edu/faculty/emeriti/albert-madansky , access-date=25 September 2022 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617173606/https://www.chicagobooth.edu/faculty/emeriti/albert-madansky , archive-date=17 June 2022

{{Refn, name="Bull 2020",
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{{Refn, name="Davis 2004",
{{Cite web, last1=Davis , first1=Ann Elizabeth Leighton , date=May 2004 , title=Davis Archive: Mathematical Women in the British Isles, 1878 to 1940. Marjorie Josephine Littleton , website=mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk , publisher=MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, Maths History St Andrews , location=St Andrews , language=en , id=ESRC: Reference Number 3654 , url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Davis/Names/Littleton_Marjorie.html , access-date=7 September 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200907142530/https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Davis/Names/Littleton_Marjorie.html , archive-date=7 September 2020 , quote=The Data Archive, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ.

{{Refn, name="European Mathematical Society 2021",
{{Cite web, editor=European Mathematical Society , editor1-link=European Mathematical Society , year=2021 , title=B. M. Dent, On observations of points connected by a linear relation , website=zbmath.org , publisher=ZbMATH Open, zbMATH , location=Helsinki , language=en , id=JFM 61.1301.04 , url=https://zbmath.org/?q=an%3A61.1301.04 , access-date=19 October 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019035013/https://zbmath.org/?q=an%3A61.1301.04 , archive-date=19 October 2021 , quote=Referee Alexander Craig Aitken, Edinburgh

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{{Refn, name="Grace's Guide 2020",
{{Cite web, author= , year=2020 , title=Metropolitan‑Vickers , website=www.gracesguide.co.uk , publisher=Grace's Guide to British Industrial History , location=Exeter , language=en , url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Metropolitan-Vickers , access-date=18 July 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103034515/https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Metropolitan-Vickers , archive-date=3 January 2020

{{Refn, name="Guide to Musical Theatre 2020",
{{Cite web, author= , year=2020 , title=Princess Ju‑Ju or The Golden Amulet (O Mamori) , website=www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com , publisher=The Guide to Musical Theatre , language=en , url=https://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_p/princess_ju-ju.htm , access-date=5 September 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131120749/https://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_p/princess_ju-ju.htm , archive-date=31 January 2020

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{{Refn, name="Rowe 2019",
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{{Refn, name="University of Bristol 2018",
{{Cite web, author= , year=2018 , title=History of the School of Physics , website=www.bristol.ac.uk , publisher=University of Bristol , location=Bristol , language=en , url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/physics/about/history.html , access-date=16 July 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118181941/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/physics/about/history.html/ , archive-date=18 January 2018

{{Refn, name="University of Bristol 2019",
{{Cite web, author= , year=2019 , title=Women: Our history , website=www.bristol.ac.uk , publisher=University of Bristol , location=Bristol , language=en , url=https://www.bristol.ac.uk/women/our-history/ , access-date=16 July 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229051009/https://www.bristol.ac.uk/women/our-history/ , archive-date=29 December 2019

{{Refn, name="Warminster Athenaeum Centre 2020",
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{{Cite web, last1=Winterman , first1=Denise , date=15 September 2014 , title=World War One: How 250,000 Belgian refugees didn't leave a trace , website=www.bbc.co.uk , publisher=BBC News Online , location=London , language=en , url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28857769 , access-date=5 September 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808100435/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28857769 , archive-date=8 August 2020

{{Refn, name="Worthing Crematorium 1977",
{{Cite web, author= , date=9 August 1977 , title=Worthing Crematorium Online Book of Remembrance, Volume 1 , website=www.remembrance-books.com , publisher=Worthing Borough Council , page=444 , location=Worthing , language=en , url=https://www.remembrance-books.com/worthing/book-of-remembrance.html#page/444 , access-date=2 September 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200902094822if_/https://www.remembrance-books.com/worthing/book-of-remembrance.html#page/444 , archive-date=2 September 2020

{{Refn, name="Barnsley High School 1924",
{{Cite archive, last1=Nuttall , first1=Annie Rose , date=September 1924 , item=Barnsley Girls' High School Staff Registers. Dent, Beryl May , institution=Barnsley Archives and Local Studies, Barnsley Museums , collection=Katherine Taylor Collection , page=144 , location=Barnsley , language=en , item-id=A/72/E/1 , item-url=http://www.calmhosting01.com/Barnsley/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=A-72-E , access-date=9 August 2021 Credit Stacey Mackenzie, Barnsley Archives.

{{Refn, name="Department of Physics 2003",
{{Cite archive, author= , date=2003 , item=Beryl Dent biographical material , institution=University of Bristol Physics Library , collection=Beryl Dent at the University of Bristol Department of Physics , location=Bristol , language=en , item-id=DM1961/2 , oclc=1259040647 , item-url=https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM1961%2f2&pos=1 , access-date=27 May 2021 , quote=Includes copy of Beryl May Dent's birth certificate.

{{Refn, name="Lennard‑Jones 1929",
{{Cite archive, last1=Lennard-Jones , first1=John Edward , author-link1=John Lennard-Jones , date=1929 , item=The Papers of Sir John Edward Lennard-Jones 1906 to 1955 , institution=Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge University Library , collection=Churchill , type=4 archive boxes , location=Cambridge , language=en , item-id=GBR/0014/LEJO , item-url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1687 , access-date=27 May 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819120107/https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1687 , archive-date=19 August 2021

{{Refn, name="Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald 19 January 1894",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University College, Aberystwyth. Day Training Department , date=19 January 1894 , page=3 , work=Carnarvon and Denbigh Herald , oclc=57965341 , url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3601860/3601863 , access-date=27 May 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117010319/https://newspapers.library.wales/view/3601860/3601863 , archive-date=17 November 2020

{{Refn, name="The Daily Telegraph 11 August 1977",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Deaths , date=11 August 1977 , page=32 , work=The Daily Telegraph , issn=0307-1235 , oclc=1081089956 , url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/750602741 , access-date=27 October 2022 , url-access=subscription , via=Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com, Newspapers.com , quote=Dent.-On Aug. 9, 1977, peacefully at Worthing Hospital after a long period of disablement borne with great courage and patience. BERYL MAY of 1, Cokeham Road, Sompting, dear sister of Florence Mary. Funeral service at St Mary's Church, Sompting, Friday, Aug. 12, at 2.15. Family flowers only.

{{Refn, name="The Daily Telegraph 17 September 1986",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Deaths , date=17 September 1986 , page=17 , work=The Daily Telegraph , issn=0307-1235 , oclc=1081089956 , url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/751085645 , access-date=27 October 2022 , url-access=subscription , via=Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com, Newspapers.com , quote=Dent.-On Sept 13, 1986, suddenly in a Worthing nursing home, Florence Mary, aged 84 years, late of 1 Cokeham Lane, Sompting. Service at the Worthing Crematorium on Monday Sept. 22, at 2 pm. Sprays of flowers may be sent to S. A. Dunford Funeral Service, 147 South Street, Lancing, W. Sussex.

{{Refn, name="The Daily Telegraph 10 October 2006",
{{Cite news, author= , date=10 October 2006 , title=Deaths. Jones , work=The Daily Telegraph , issn=0307-1235 , id=16347876 , url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/4391/jones , access-date=26 August 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826145034/http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/4391/jones , archive-date=26 August 2021

{{Refn, name="Evening Mail 7 July 1905",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University Intelligence. Cambridge, July 6 , date=7 July 1905 , page=5 , work=Evening Mail , oclc=11990615 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003187/19050707/059/0005 , access-date=9 August 2021 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="The Guardian 25 June 1954",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Deaths , date=25 June 1954 , page=12 , work=The Guardian , issn=0261-3077 , oclc=60623878 , url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/259439312 , access-date=19 August 2020 , url-access=subscription , via=Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com, Newspapers.com , quote=DENT On June 24, at 529 Kings Road, Stretford, EUSTACE EDWARD, aged 85 years the dearly loved husband of Agnes Dent. Service at St Matthew's Church on Tuesday, June 29, at 10 50 a.m., prior to committal at Manchester Crematorium at 11 20 a.m.

{{Refn, name="The Guardian 7 April 1967",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Deaths , date=7 April 1967 , page=2 , work=The Guardian , issn=0261-3077 , oclc=60623878 , url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/259720964 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription , via=Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com, Newspapers.com , quote=DENT On April 5, peacefully, at home 1 Cokeham Road Sompting, Lancing, AGNES aged 97 years widow of Eustace Edward DENT and beloved mother of Beryl May and Florence Mary. Service at St Mary's Church Sompting, on Monday, April 10, at 2:15 pm followed by cremation at the Downs Crematorium, Brighton.

{{Refn, name="Halifax Courier 12 January 1889",
{{Cite news, author= , title=West Vale. Appointment of Mistress , date=12 January 1889 , page=5 , work=Halifax, West Yorkshire#Media, Halifax Courier , oclc=18562459 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001093/18890112/095/0005 , access-date=25 October 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Halifax Courier 23 March 1889",
{{Cite news, author= , title=School Board Meetings. Halifax , date=23 March 1889 , page=6 , work=Halifax, West Yorkshire#Media, Halifax Courier , oclc=18562459 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001093/18890323/097/0006 , access-date=25 October 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Halifax Courier 31 August 1889",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Halifax Mechanics' Institution , date=31 August 1889 , page=3 , work=Halifax, West Yorkshire#Media, Halifax Courier , oclc=18562459 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001093/18890831/060/0003 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Manchester Evening News 18 November 2017",
{{Cite news, last1=Keeling , first1=Neal , title=When Cheetham Hill was home to one of the finest ice rinks in the world , date=18 November 2017 , work=Manchester Evening News , oclc=500150526 , issn=0962-2276 , url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia/cheetham-hill-home-one-finest-13921173 , access-date=11 September 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124140126/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia/cheetham-hill-home-one-finest-13921173 , archive-date=24 January 2021

{{Refn, name="Preston Chronicle 2 February 1889",
{{Cite news, author= , title=The Harris Institute. Distribution of Prizes and Speech by the Earl of Derby , date=2 February 1889 , page=5 , work=Preston Chronicle , oclc=1098850069 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000099/18890202/019/0005 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Preston Herald 27 January 1894",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Goosnargh. Annual Parish Tea-Party , date=27 January 1894 , page=2 , work=Preston Herald , oclc=751660068 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001667/18940127/044/0002 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Preston Herald 26 July 1899",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Concert and Presentations at Goosnargh , date=26 July 1899 , page=5 , work=Preston Herald , oclc=751660068 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001667/18990726/077/0005 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Salisbury Journal 26 October 1901",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Warminster. Technical Education , date=26 October 1901 , page=8 , work=Salisbury Journal, Salisbury and Winchester Journal , oclc=12116464 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000361/19011026/147/0008 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="The Salisbury Times 22 November 1901",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Technical Education in Wilts , date=22 November 1901 , page=6 , work=The Salisbury Times , oclc=20135569 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001603/19011122/109/0006 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Sheffield Daily Telegraph 25 June 1913",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Teachers' Salaries. New Scheme for the West Riding. Askern School , date=25 June 1913 , page=9 , work=Sheffield Telegraph, Sheffield Daily Telegraph , oclc=17991386 , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000250/19130625/269/0009 , access-date=9 August 2021 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="The Times 29 March 1918",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Somerville College Awards , date=29 March 1918 , page=7 , work=The Times , issn=0140-0460 , issue=41750 , id={{Gale, CS120261245 , url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/article/1918-03-29/7/21.html , access-date=4 June 2021 , url-access=subscription , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527041611/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/frame/article/1918-03-29/7/21.html , archive-date=27 May 2021

{{Refn, name="The Times 9 July 1923",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University News. Bristol July 7 , date=9 July 1923 , page=19 , work=The Times , issn=0140-0460 , issue=43388 , id={{Gale, CS320148713 , url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/article/1923-07-09/19/10.html , access-date=4 June 2021 , url-access=subscription , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527041858/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/frame/article/1923-07-09/19/10.html , archive-date=27 May 2021

{{Refn, name="The Times 6 June 1924",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University News. Vice-Chancellorship of Cambridge. Cambridge, June 5 , date=6 June 1924 , page=16 , work=The Times , issn=0140-0460 , issue=43671 , id={{Gale, CS269031110 , url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/article/1924-06-06/16/4.html , access-date=4 June 2021 , url-access=subscription , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527042056/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/frame/article/1924-06-06/16/4.html , archive-date=27 May 2021

{{Refn, name="The Times 23 September 1938",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Court Circular. Dinner. H. M. Government , date=23 September 1938 , page=15 , work=The Times , issn=0140-0460 , issue=41750 , id={{Gale, CS252261175 , url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/archive/article/1938-09-23/15/4.html , access-date=4 June 2021 , url-access=subscription , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527042423/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/archive/frame/article/1938-09-23/15/4.html , archive-date=27 May 2021

{{Refn, name="Warminster and Westbury Journal 11 July 1903",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Local News. Fire , date=11 July 1903 , page=4 , work=Warminster and Westbury Journal, and Wilts County Advertiser , oclc=751039353 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001558/19030711/095/0004 , access-date=5 September 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Warminster and Westbury Journal 6 May 1905",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Christ Church. Congregational & Vestry Meetings , date=6 May 1905 , page=4 , work=Warminster and Westbury Journal, and Wilts County Advertiser , oclc=751039353 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001558/19050506/075/0004 , access-date=7 September 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Warminster and Westbury Journal 29 February 1908",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Operetta at St John's , date=29 February 1908 , page=5 , work=Warminster and Westbury Journal, and Wilts County Advertiser , oclc=751039353 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001558/19080229/135/0005 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Weekly Irish Times 15 July 1905",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University of Dublin. Conferring of Degrees , date=15 July 1905 , page=18 , work=Weekly Irish Times , oclc=18389728 , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19050715/130/0018 , access-date=9 August 2021 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="The Welshman 28 July 1893",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University of London. Matriculation Examination , date=28 July 1893 , page=6 , work=The Welshman (newspaper), The Welshman , oclc=52194901 , url=https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4356475/4356481 , access-date=27 May 2021 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719123435/https://newspapers.library.wales/view/4356475/4356481 , archive-date=19 July 2020

{{Refn, name="West Cumberland Times 17 March 1894",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Cockermouth and Papcastle School Board , date=17 March 1894 , page=3 , work=West Cumberland Times , oclc=1016277450 , access-date=17 July 2020 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002305/18940317/028/0003 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 24 June 1920",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University of Bristol , date=24 June 1920 , page=5 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19200624/029/0005 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 28 June 1923",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University of Bristol. Results of Examinations for Degrees , date=28 June 1923 , page=7 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19230628/042/0007 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 11 December 1926",
{{Cite news, author= , title=The Bristol Cheeloo Association , date=11 December 1926 , page=4 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19261211/009/0004 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 5 March 1927",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Letters to the Editor. Bristol Cheeloo Association , date=5 March 1927 , page=5 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19270305/018/0005 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 31 March 1927",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University of Bristol. Department of Physics , date=31 March 1927 , page=9 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19270331/067/0009 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 28 June 1927",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Bristol University. Degree Pass Lists. Degree of M.Sc. , date=28 June 1927 , page=8 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19270628/062/0008 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 30 September 1927",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Bristol University. New Physics Laboratory. Description of the Building , date=30 September 1927 , page=9 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19270930/077/0009 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 1 November 1927",
{{Cite news, author= , title=University Of Bristol. Association of Alumni Annual Dinner , date=1 November 1927 , page=3 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19271101/002/0003 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 1 November 1928",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Women's International League , date=1 November 1928 , page=7 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19281101/051/0007 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 19 December 1929",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Anonymous Gift of £5,000 to Bristol University , date=19 December 1929 , page=7 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19291219/074/0007 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 4 September 1930",
{{Cite news, author= , title=British Association Welcomed. Notable Gathering of World's Scientists , date=4 September 1930 , page=7 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000264/19300904/051/0007 , access-date=17 September 2021 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 5 September 1930",
{{Cite news, author= , title=What World's Scientists Tell Man in the Street. Bristol Debates World Riddles , date=5 September 1930 , page=5 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000264/19300905/024/0005 , access-date=17 September 2021 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 25 September 1933",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Modern Farmers Do Not Buy 'Solid' Books. 'Robust Country Life' Of The Past And Good Reading. Bristol and its libraries. Technical Matters , date=25 September 1933 , page=10 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19330925/109/0010 , access-date=27 August 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Western Daily Press 24 December 1934",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Friends' Tribute at Funeral of Miss M. C. Staveley , date=24 December 1934 , page=10 , work=Western Daily Press , oclc=949912923 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19341224/114/0010 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 1 May 1897",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Chippenham District County School , date=1 May 1897 , page=4 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/18970501/074/0004 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 13 April 1907",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Christ Church Vestry Meeting , date=13 April 1907 , page=6 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19070413/102/0006 , access-date=26 August 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 20 December 1913",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Secondary School Prize Distribution. The Admission of New Pupils , date=20 December 1913 , page=12 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19131220/188/0012 , access-date=26 August 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 29 August 1914",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Oxford Local Examinations. Trowbridge Centre. Juniors , date=29 August 1914 , page=5 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19140829/078/0005 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 5 September 1914",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Belgian Refugees Expected. Lord Bath Getting Houses Ready. , date=5 September 1914 , page=5 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19140905/072/0005 , access-date=5 September 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 28 November 1914",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Princess Ju Ju. Good Performance by Secondary School , date=28 November 1914 , page=6 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19141128/128/0006 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 7 August 1915",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Education in Wilts. Award of Scholarships , date=7 August 1915 , page=11 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19150807/172/0011 , access-date=22 August 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 11 December 1915",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Warminster Secondary School Prize Distribution , date=11 December 1915 , page=3 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19151211/050/0003 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 16 December 1916",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Secondary School Prize Distribution , date=16 December 1916 , page=10 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19161216/153/0010 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 30 July 1921",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Wiltshire County School Sports , date=30 July 1921 , page=8 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19210730/195/0008 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 30 August 1924",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Warminster. Women's Unionist Sports Club , date=30 August 1924 , page=7 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19240830/176/0007 , access-date=21 August 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 12 June 1926",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Wedding at the Minster , date=12 June 1926 , page=4 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19260612/096/0004 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription , quote=May Dent, a Warminster County School fellow scholar and daughter of Mr. E. E. Dent (headmaster).

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 10 August 1929",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Headmastership of the County School , date=10 August 1929 , page=2 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19290810/054/0002 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 27 December 1930",
{{Cite news, author= , title=County School: Prize Distribution. The School's Impending Closure , date=27 December 1930 , page=9 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19301227/112/0009 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 25 May 1935",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Chairmen's Portrait Collection. Forty Years of Council Service Perpetuated. Unveiling by Lord Bath , date=25 May 1935 , page=4 , work=Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser , oclc=750854211 , via=British Newspaper Archive , url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001557/19350525/085/0004 , access-date=17 July 2020 , url-access=subscription

{{Refn, name="Wiltshire Times 9 August 2007",
{{Cite news, author= , title=Then & Now: Boreham Road, Warminster , date=9 August 2007 , work=Wiltshire Times , oclc=750854211 , url=https://www.wiltshiretimes.co.uk/news/1606688.then-now-boreham-road-warminster/ , access-date=5 September 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905122424/https://www.wiltshiretimes.co.uk/news/1606688.then-now-boreham-road-warminster/ , archive-date=5 September 2020

Bibliography

{{Listref/reflist, colwidth=30em, liststyle=disc
, id1=i , ref1={{Cite journal, last1=Adcock , first1=Robert James , editor1-last=Hendricks , editor1-first=Joel Evans , year=1878 , title=A Problem in Least Squares , journal=The Analyst , publisher=Annals of Mathematics , volume=5 , issue=2 , pages=53{{Ndash54 , location=London , language=en , issn=0741-7918 , oclc=277641453 , doi=10.2307/2635758 , jstor=2635758 , url=https://archive.org/details/jstor-2635758 , access-date=15 July 2020
, id2=ii , ref2={{Cite journal, last1=Cleveland , first1=Jason Paul , last2=Radmacher , first2=Manfred , last3=Hansma , first3=Paul Kenneth , author3-link=Paul K. Hansma , date=September 1994 , others=Office of Naval Research , title=Atomic Scale Force Mapping with the Atomic Force Microscope , journal=Applied Sciences , publisher=UCSB Physics Department, University of California, Department of Physics , volume=286 , series=NATO Advanced Study Institute: Series E , pages=1{{Ndash7 , location=Santa Barbara , language=en , id=Technical Report No. 13. Defense Technical Information Center ADA284940 , url=https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA284940/page/n1 , access-date=23 August 2021
, id3=iii , ref3={{Cite book, editor1-last=Dent , editor1-first=Beryl May , last1=Dent , first1=Florence Mary , last2=Wiltshire , first2=Marion Olive Phipps , last3=Roxbee , first3=Gertrude , last4=Tutty , first4=Gladys Annie , display-authors=etal , others=Clifton Hill House Old Students' Association , date=January 1930 , title=Circular Letters , publisher=University of Bristol Special Collections , volume=1 , series=Group D , type=Letterbook , location=Bristol , language=en , id=DM2227/5/3 , oclc=1259040871 , url=https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM2227%2f5%2f3&pos=4 , access-date=9 September 2021 , ref=none
, id4=iv , ref4={{Cite book, editor1-last=Dent , editor1-first=Beryl May , last1=Dent , first1=Florence Mary , last2=Wiltshire , first2=Marion Olive Phipps , last3=Roxbee , first3=Gertrude , last4=Tutty , first4=Gladys Annie , display-authors=etal , others=Clifton Hill House Old Students' Association , date=March 1932 , title=Circular Letters , publisher=University of Bristol Special Collections , volume=2 , series=Group D , type=Letterbook , location=Bristol , language=en , id=DM2227/5/3 , oclc=1259040871 , url=https://archives.bristol.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=DM2227%2f5%2f3&pos=4 , access-date=10 September 2021 , ref=none
, id5=v , ref5={{Cite magazine, last1=Excell , first1=Phyl , last2=Excell , first2=Stanley , title=Monumental Inscriptions at Sompting Parish Church , magazine=Sussex Family Historian , date=September 1979, publisher=Sussex Family History Group , volume=4 , number=3 , series=September 1979 to December 1981 , pages=84{{Ndash85 , location=Brighton , language=en , issn=0260-4175 , oclc=3114152
, id6=vi , ref6={{Cite journal, last1=Kummell , first1=Charles Hugo , year=1879 , title=Reduction of observation equations which contain more than one observed quantity , journal=The Analyst , publisher=Annals of Mathematics , volume=6 , issue=4 , pages=97{{Ndash105 , location=London , language=en , issn=0741-7918 , oclc=277641453 , doi=10.2307/2635646 , jstor=2635646 , url=https://archive.org/details/jstor-2635646 , access-date=15 July 2020
, id7=vii , ref7={{Cite journal, last1=Lewis , first1=Thomas John , date=October 1954 , title=The Transient Behaviour of Ladder Networks of the Type Representing Transformer and Machine Windings , journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers , publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers , series=Part II: Power Engineering , volume=101 , issue=83 , pages=541{{Ndash553 , location=London , language=en , id=Paper No. 1691 Supply Section M , doi=10.1049/pi-2.1954.0114 , issn=0369-8939 , quote=The paper was first received 24 February 1954, and in revised form 21 April 1954.
, id8=viii , ref8={{Cite book, editor1-last=Murray , editor1-first=Janet Horowitz , editor2-last=Stark , editor2-first=Myra , year=1985 , title=The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions. The complete run reproduced in facsimile in 41 volumes , publisher=Garland Science, Garland Publishing , volume=36 , series=January to October 1905 , pages=251{{Ndash252 , location=New York , language=English , isbn=978-0-8240-3761-1 , oclc=13062569 , hdl=2027/umn.31951002443042e?urlappend=%3Bseq=295
, id9=ix , ref9={{Cite journal, last1=Pollock , first1=Philip John , date=August 1955 , title=Discussion on 'The Design of High‑Speed Salient‑Pole A.C. Generators for Water Power Plants' , journal=Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers , publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers , series=Part A: Power Engineering , volume=102 , issue=4 , pages= 476{{Ndash482 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1049/pi-2.1954.0114 , issn=0369-8882 , url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.199684/page/476 , access-date=29 August 2021 , quote=North‑Western Centre, at Manchester, 6 May 1952.

Further reading

* {{Cite book, last1=Byers , first1=Nina , author1-link=Nina Byers , last2=Williams , first2=Gary , year=2006 , title=Out of the shadows: contributions of twentieth-century women to physics , publisher=Cambridge University Press , location=Cambridge , language=en , isbn=978-0-521-82197-1 , oclc=1050066680 , url=https://archive.org/details/outofshadowscont0000unse/page/n4 , url-access=registration , access-date=10 December 2022 , ref=none
* {{Cite book, last1=Dummelow , first1=John , year=1949 , title=A history of the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company Limited 1899–1949 , publisher=Metropolitan-Vickers, Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company Limited , location=Manchester , language=en , oclc=5381038 , quote=With illustrations. Produced to commemorate the golden jubilee of the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Company Limited. , ref=none
digital edition
digitised by Jim Lawton in 2008, is available at the Sydney Electric Train Society (SETS) website.
* {{Cite journal, last1=Fleming , first1=Arthur Percy Morris , author1-link=Arthur Fleming (electrical engineer) , last2=Churcher , first2=Brian Andrew Graham , last3=Davies , first3=Leonard John , date=28 February 1952 , title=The research laboratories of Associated Electrical Industries Ltd , journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society , publisher=Royal Society , series=B {{Mdash Biological Sciences , volume=139 , issue=895 , pages=208{{Ndash235 , location=London , language=en , doi=10.1098/rspb.1952.0008 , pmid=14911826 , bibcode=1952RSPSB.139..208F , doi-access=free , ref=none
* {{Cite web, last1=Napper , first1=Brian , year=2003 , title=The Ferranti Mark 1 , website=Computer 50: The University of Manchester Celebrates the Birth of the Modern Computer , publisher=University of Manchester , location=Manchester , language=en , url=http://curation.cs.manchester.ac.uk/computer50/www.computer50.org/mark1/FM1.html , access-date=4 September 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210114735/http://curation.cs.manchester.ac.uk/computer50/www.computer50.org/mark1/FM1.html , archive-date=10 February 2020 , ref=none
* {{Cite web, last1=Swinton , first1=Jonathan , date=4 March 2019 , title=Women At The Console , website=Alan Turing's Manchester , publisher=Deodands , location=Manchester , language=en , url=https://www.manturing.net/manufacturing-blog/2019/2/12/women-at-the-console , access-date=27 August 2020 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827142510/https://www.manturing.net/manufacturing-blog/2019/2/12/women-at-the-console , archive-date=27 August 2020 , ref=none

External links

Beryl Dent's archive
held in the Special Collections of the University of Bristol Arts and Social Sciences Library, in Tyndall Avenue, Bristol.

Photograph of the staff working in the research department of Metropolitan{{HyphenVickers in 1954
in the collections of the Science and Industry Museum. Dent (front, fifth left) is one of only two women in the department. Arthur Fleming (electrical engineer), Arthur Fleming is also pictured (front, centre).

The Manchester transistor computer
at the Computer History Museum.
* {{ZbMATH, id=dent.beryl-m.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dent, Beryl May
1900 births
1977 deaths
20th-century British physicists
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20th-century English women
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Academics of the University of Bristol
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Bristol
British mathematicians
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Metropolitan-Vickers people
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