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Bernhard Koehler (born 7 November 1849 in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
; died 30 March 1927 in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
) was a German industrialist and art collector.


Life

Koehler, who came from a family of merchants, grew up in Berlin. In 1876, Koehler founded the ''Mechanische Werkstätten'' (lit. 'Mechanical Workshops'). The company, located in Berlin-
Kreuzberg Kreuzberg () is a district of Berlin, Germany. It is part of the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough located south of Mitte. During the Cold War era, it was one of the poorest areas of West Berlin, but since German reunification in 1990 it ha ...
, was internationally successful and allowed Koehler to amass a substantial fortune. Beside his businesswork Koehler became an art collector. In the 1900s, Koehler came into contact with German painters in Munich such as August Macke or Franz Marc via his niece Elisabeth Gerhardt, who in 1909 eventually married Macke. He became a patron of Macke and gave him 300 Franc for a journey to Paris. Since 1910, Koehler also gave 200 Mark each month to Franz Marc, who was rather poor. In return for his financial aid he received several paintings from both Macke and Marc. In 1911, Koehler came into contact with artists of Neue Künstlervereinigung München. He was a financier of the
almanach An almanac (also spelled ''almanack'' and ''almanach'') is an annual publication listing a set of current information about one or multiple subjects. It includes information like weather forecasts, farmers' planting dates, tide tables, and othe ...
by
Der Blaue Reiter ''Der Blaue Reiter'' (The Blue Rider) is a designation by Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc for their exhibition and publication activities, in which both artists acted as sole editors in the almanac of the same name, first published in mid-May ...
in
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...
and in 1913 of the
Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon (First German Autumn Salon) was the title of an art exhibition that was organized in 1913 by Herwarth Walden in Berlin. Henri Rousseau memorial exhibition The exhibition opened on 20 September 1913 in rented rooms ...
in Berlin, which was organized by
Herwarth Walden Herwarth Walden (actual name Georg Lewin; 16 September 1879, in Berlin – 31 October 1941, in Saratov, Russia) was a German expressionist artist and art expert in many disciplines. He is broadly acknowledged as one of the most important discove ...
, August Macke and Franz Marc. In 1914, he gave financial help to Franz Marc for his journey to
Tunis ''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois , population_note = , population_urban = , population_metro = 2658816 , population_density_km2 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 ...
. During his lifetime, Koehler's art collection was located in his family home in Berlin. In 1927, Koehler died and was buried in Berlin- Neukölln. His son Bernhard Koehler (1882–1964) became owner of the art collection. He sold some paintings at the end of the 1920s and some paintings got lost during World War II, as the factory and the family home got destroyed. Some of the more important paintings, however, were given to the
Nationalgalerie The National Gallery (german: Nationalgalerie) in Berlin, Germany, is a museum for art of the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. It is part of the Berlin State Museums. From the Alte Nationalgalerie, which was built for it and opened in 1876, its ex ...
during the war and came to
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
at the end of the War due to
art theft Art theft, sometimes called artnapping, is the stealing of paintings, sculptures, or other forms of visual art from galleries, museums or other public and private locations. Stolen art is often resold or used by criminals as collateral t ...
.''Fabrik, Wohnhaus und Sammlung Bernhard Koehler''
berlinintensiv.de, retrieved 12 March 2013 Some other paintings of Koehlers art collections are located in the Städtischen Galerie im Lenbachhaus in Munich today.


Art collection from Bernhard Koehler

Gustave Courbet - Reclining Woman.jpg,
Gustave Courbet Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet ( , , ; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and ...
:
''Femme couchée''
today Eremitage,
St. Petersburg Pierre Auguste Renoir - La Promenade.jpg, Pierre-Auguste Renoir:
''La Promenade''
today Getty Museum,
Los Angeles Paul Gauguin 143.jpg,
Paul Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (, ; ; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a French Post-Impressionist artist. Unappreciated until after his death, Gauguin is now recognized for his experimental use of colour and Synthetist style that were distinct fr ...
:
''Wohin gehst Du?''
today Staatsgalerie,
Stuttgart Image:Vincent van Gogh - Boats at Saintes-Marie watercolour.jpg,
Vincent van Gogh Vincent Willem van Gogh (; 30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, inc ...
: ''Fischerboote in Saintes-Marie''
today Eremitage,
St. Petersburg Paul Cezanne - Mont Sainte-Victoire 1897.jpg,
Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( , , ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically d ...
:
'' Mont Sainte-Victoire''
today Eremitage,
St. Petersburg Georges Seurat - View of Fort Samson.jpg,
Georges Seurat Georges Pierre Seurat ( , , ; 2 December 1859 – 29 March 1891) was a French post-Impressionist artist. He devised the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism and used conté crayon for drawings on paper with a rough su ...
:
''Blick auf Fort Samson''
today Eremitage,
St. Petersburg August Macke - Indianer auf Pferden.jpg, August Macke:
''Indianer auf Pferden''
today Lenbachhaus, Munich Marc-cats on a red cloth.jpg, Franz Marc:
''Katzen auf rotem Tuch'', 1909/10, private collection Marc-deer in a monastery garden.jpg, Franz Marc:
Franz Marc: ''Reh im Klostergarten'', 1912,
today Lenbachhaus, Munich August Macke 051.jpg, August Macke: ''Türkisches Café'', 1914, today Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, München Marc-monkey frieze.jpg, Franz Marc: ''Affenfries'', 1911, today
Kunsthalle Hamburg The Hamburger Kunsthalle is the art museum of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest art museums in the country. The museum consists of three connected buildings, dating from 1869 (main building), 1921 (Kuppelsaa ...
Franz Marc, Der tote Spatz, 1905.jpg, Franz Marc: ''Der tote Spatz'', 1905


Literature

*
Berlinische Galerie The Berlinische Galerie is a museum of modern art, photography and architecture in Berlin. It is located in Kreuzberg, on Alte Jakobstraße, not far from the Jewish Museum. History The Berlinische Galerie was founded in 1975
: ''Stationen der Moderne'' Berlin 1988 * Albert Kostenewitsch: ''Aus der Eremitage, verschollene Meisterwerke deutscher Privatsammlungen'' Munich 1995 * Andrea Pophanken, Felix Billeter: ''Die Moderne und ihre Sammler'' Berlin 2001


External links


Lenbachhaus.de: Portrait of Bernhard Koehler

Stadtgeschichten Munich: Bernhard-Koehler-Weg


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koehler, Bernhard 20th-century German businesspeople German company founders Businesspeople from Berlin German art collectors 20th-century art collectors 1849 births 1927 deaths Art crime