Bern (formerly sometimes "Beern", "Berne", or "Beerne"
) is a hamlet in the
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
province of
Gelderland
Gelderland (), also known as Guelders () in English, is a province of the Netherlands, occupying the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by ...
. It is located in the municipality of
Zaltbommel
Zaltbommel (), also known, historically and colloquially, as Bommel, is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands.
History
The city of Zaltbommel
The town of Zaltbommel was first mentioned as "Bomela" in the year 850. Zaltbommel received ...
, about south of the town Zaltbommel.
[''ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland'', Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.]
Bern used to lie south of the river
Meuse
The Meuse ( , , , ; wa, Moûze ) or Maas ( , ; li, Maos or ) is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a t ...
, in the municipality of
Herpt en Bern
Herpt is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located in the municipality of Heusden, about 1 km southeast of the center of the city.
History
The village was first mentioned between 1108 and 1121 Harpede. The etymology i ...
. The river was dammed close to Bern around 1900 (see
Afgedamde Maas
The Afgedamde Maas (; Dammed-up Meuse) is a former distributary of the Maas River (French: Meuse) in the Dutch provinces of North Brabant and Gelderland. The Maas splits near Heusden with one channel flowing north until its confluence with the r ...
), and a new channel was dug south of the village, the
Bergsche Maas
The Bergse Maas (; pre-1947 spelling: Bergsche Maas) is a canal that was constructed in 1904 to be a branch of the river Maas (French: Meuse) in the Dutch province of North Brabant. The Maas splits near Heusden into the Afgedamde Maas and the Be ...
. In 1958, the administrative borders were changed to account for this new situation, and Bern moved from the province of
North Brabant
North Brabant ( nl, Noord-Brabant ; Brabantian: ; ), also unofficially called Brabant, is a province in the south of the Netherlands. It borders the provinces of South Holland and Gelderland to the north, Limburg to the east, Zeeland to the we ...
to Gelderland, and to the municipality of
Kerkwijk
Kerkwijk is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is a part of the municipality of Zaltbommel, and lies about 11 km northwest of 's-Hertogenbosch.
Kerkwijk was a separate municipality between 1818 and 1999, when it was merged with ...
.
According to the 19th-century historian A.J. van der Aa,
there used to be a castle in Bern, with a large tower and surrounded by walls. One of its owners, Fulco of Bern, made the castle into an abbey of the
Premonstratensian
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré (), also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), is a religious order of canons regular of the Catholic Church ...
order in 1134. It was inaugurated by the 25th
bishop of Utrecht
List of bishops and archbishops of the diocese and archdioceses of Utrecht.
Medieval diocese from 695 to 1580
Founders of the Utrecht diocese
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Andreas of Cuyk
Andreas ( el, Ἀνδρέας) is a name usually given to males in Austria, Greece, Cyprus, Denmark, Armenia, Estonia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Finland, Flanders, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, the Netherlands, and Indonesia. The name ...
. The abbey suffered during the
Iconoclasm
Iconoclasm (from Ancient Greek, Greek: grc, wikt:εἰκών, εἰκών, lit=figure, icon, translit=eikṓn, label=none + grc, wikt:κλάω, κλάω, lit=to break, translit=kláō, label=none)From grc, wikt:εἰκών, εἰκών + wi ...
in 1566, and was almost completely burnt down in 1589 during the siege of
Heusden
Heusden () is a municipality and a town in the South of the Netherlands. It is located between the towns of Waalwijk and 's-Hertogenbosch. The municipality of Heusden, including Herpt, Heesbeen, Hedikhuizen, Doeveren, and Oudheusden, merged with ...
by the Spanish army. It was never rebuilt, and in the middle of the 19th century, little remained of the Abbey of Bern.
Bern is not a statistical entity,
however it has its own postal code.
In 1840, it was home to 60 people. Nowadays, it has about 13 houses.
Gallery
File:Overzicht voorzijde met smederij - Heeswijk - 20336325 - RCE.jpg, Former forge at Bern
File:Huis Bern.jpg, Huis Bern
File:Berneopgr1962.jpg, Excavation at the abbey (1962)
File:Graftombe Ridder Arnold van der Sluijs.jpg, Tomb of , originally at the abbey. Nowadays on display at Museum Catharijneconvent
The Museum Catharijneconvent (St. Catherine's Convent Museum) is a museum of religious art in Utrecht, Netherlands. It is located in the former St. Catharine convent, having been sited there since 1979. Its collections include many artifacts fro ...
References
{{Authority control
Populated places in Gelderland
Zaltbommel