Beompae (, also written ''pomp'ae'' or ''pŏmp'ae'') is a
Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
n
genre
Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other for ...
of Buddhist chants and songs., one of three key traditional Korean song types, together with ''
gagok
Gagok is a genre of Korean vocal music for mixed female and male voices.
Accompaniments and interludes are played by a small ensemble of traditional Korean musical instruments.
It is inscribed in UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List
...
'' and ''
pansori
' () is a Korean genre of musical storytelling performed by a singer and a drummer.
The term ''pansori'' is derived from the Korean words ''pan'' (Hangul: 판) and ''sori'' (Hangul: 소리), the latter of which means "sound." However, ''pan' ...
''.
Description
There are three kinds of ''beompae'':
* ''anchaebi sori'' (), "indoor chant", musically simple, sutra chants, mainly in Chinese, sung by a monk, usually inside a temple.
* ''baggatchaebi sori'' (), "outdoor chant", the solemn recitation of specific Chinese poems, either as ''hotsori'' () "simple chant", or ''jitsori'' () "long chant". Sung in a characteristic high pitch by a trained professional singer and monk, for special ritual occasions. The term ''boempae'' sometimes refers specifically to these kinds of chants, the most ancient of Korean Buddhist ritual chants.
* ''hwacheong'' (), secular Buddhist ritual chants, in vernacular Korean, easily understood by listeners.
"Pŏmp'ae", "Korean Ritual Music: Buddhist", adapted from an article by Lee Byong Won
''The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music'', Volume 2, Routledge, Feb 1, 2013, p.1206.
History
''Beompae'' developed since the Three Kingdoms period
The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and was followed by the West ...
, when Buddhism
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...
enjoyed official patronage as Korea's dominant religion. It declined during the Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and re ...
, when Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...
was promoted, and during the Japanese era
The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal ...
, when Korea's traditional Buddhist culture was repressed.
["Traditional Music: Sounds in Harmony with Nature", Robert Koehler et al., The Korea Foundation, 2011](_blank)
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See also
* Culture of Korea
The traditional culture of Korea is the shared cultural and historical heritage of Korea and southern Manchuria before the division of Korea in 1945. Manchuria refers to the ancient geographical and historical region in Northeast Asia, includ ...
* Korean music
Korea refers to music from the Korean peninsula ranging from prehistoric times to the division of Korea into South and North in 1945. It includes court music, folk music, poetic songs, and religious music used in shamanistic and Buddhist traditi ...
References
External links
"A Short History of Pomp'ae: Korean Buddhist Ritual Chant"
by Byong Won Lee, ''Journal of Korean Studies'', Volume 1, Number 2, January–June 1971, pp. 109–121.
"PŎMP'AE" (from Byong Won Lee, ''Buddhist Music of Korea'', Seoul: Jung Eum Sa, 1987)
Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary, by Keith L. Pratt, Richard Rutt, Psychology Press, 1999, p. 354.
"Religious Music : Buddhism", by Byong Won Lee
from ''Music of Korea'', edited by Byong Won Lee & Yong-shik Lee. Seoul: National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts, 2007, p. 145.
Korean music
Korean styles of music
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