![Banawa of Celebes](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Banawa_of_Celebes.png)
Benawa or banawa is a type of ship from
Gowa
Gowa (''Makassar language : '') is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,883.33 km2 and a population of 652,329 at the 2010 census, increasing to 765,836 at the 2020 census; the of ...
, an old principality in the southwest corner of
Sulawesi
Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. The earliest record of this vessel is from
Hikayat Banjar
The Hikayat Banjar (حكاية بنجر) is the chronicle of Banjarmasin, Indonesia. This text, also called the History of Lambung Mangkurat, contains the history of the kings of Banjar and of Kotawaringin in southeast and south Borneo respectivel ...
,
which was written in or not long after 1663.
In the present, this vessel is already extinct; being replaced by vessels with a similar hull, namely
palari and
padewakang
Padewakang were traditional boats used by the Bugis, Mandar, and Makassar people, Makassar people of South Sulawesi. Padewakang were used for long distance voyages serving the south Sulawesi kingdoms.
Etymology
No-one quite seems to know the or ...
.
Etymology
The word ''benawa'' or ''banawa'' comes from the
kawi Javanese language, which means boat or ship. In the old Javanese language the word ''banawa'' means ''
perahu
Proas are various types of multi-hull outrigger sailboats of the Austronesian peoples. The terms were used for native Austronesian ships in European records during the Colonial era indiscriminately, and thus can confusingly refer to the do ...
'' or ship. In different languages, the word may refer to a different type of vessel, depending on the context of the sentence.
Description
The benawa was made for transporting
horse
The horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million y ...
s and
buffaloes. The hull is wide with a convex keel, with a high front and back stem and sternpost. On either side, there are paths attached to a number of transverse beams that are attached to the supports. The secondary function of these beams is to divide the deck space into equal compartments for animals. The deck above the "
stable
A stable is a building in which livestock, especially horses, are kept. It most commonly means a building that is divided into separate stalls for individual animals and livestock. There are many different types of stables in use today; the ...
" consist of bamboo lattice.
[G. E. P. Collins, East Monsoon (London, 1936); Makassar Sailing (London, 1937); 'Seafarers of South Celebes', The National Geographic Magazine, Washington, January 1945·]
It is steered with 2 quarter rudders, with helmsmen standing on the outboard galleries. The rudders are mounted on heavy crossbeams in such a way as to allow rapid emergency release. There is a cramped cabin for the captain below the
poop deck
In naval architecture, a poop deck is a deck that forms the roof of a cabin built in the rear, or " aft", part of the superstructure of a ship.
The name originates from the French word for stern, ''la poupe'', from Latin ''puppis''. Thus th ...
. The vessel has 2 to 3 masts, both are three-legged posts with the hind legs attached to heavy tabernacles. The mast can be lowered easily if the forelegs pop out of the hooks that hold them in place. The sails are
tanja
Tanja ( sr, Тања) is a feminine given name. It may refer to:
Mononyms
*''Tanja'' (born 1983), Russian-Estonian singer, also known as Tanja Mihhailova
Given name
*Tanja Andrejeva (born 1978), Macedonian handball player
* Tanja Bogosavljević ...
and made with ''karoro'' matting.
With European influence in the latter centuries, western-styled sails can also be used. In the past,
Makassarese sailors may sail them as far as New Guinea and Singapore.
See also
*
Toop
*
Padewakang
Padewakang were traditional boats used by the Bugis, Mandar, and Makassar people, Makassar people of South Sulawesi. Padewakang were used for long distance voyages serving the south Sulawesi kingdoms.
Etymology
No-one quite seems to know the or ...
*
Jong Jong may refer to:
Surname
*Chung (Korean surname), spelled Jong in North Korea
*Zhong (surname), spelled Jong in the Gwoyeu Romatzyh system
*Common Dutch surname "de Jong"; see
** De Jong
** De Jonge
** De Jongh
*Erica Jong (born 1942), American ...
*
Golekan
Golekan is a type of traditional boat from Madura, Indonesia. They once plied as far as Singapore, where they are referred to as Madurese traders. In the present this type of boat is only known locally, especially near Bangkalan in Western Madur ...
References
{{Indonesian traditional vessels
Indigenous boats
Boats of Indonesia
Indonesian inventions
Sailboat types
Sailing ship types
Sailing ships
Two-masted ships
Three-masted ships
Sulawesi
Tall ships
14th-century ships