Gloria Jean Watkins (September 25, 1952December 15, 2021), better known by her pen name bell hooks, was an American author and social activist who was Distinguished Professor in Residence at

Berea College Berea College is a private liberal arts work college in Berea, Kentucky. Founded in 1855, Berea College was the first college in the Southern United States to be coeducational and racially integrated. Berea College charges no tuition; every a ...

. She is best known for her writings on race,

feminism Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that society prioritizes the male po ...

, and class. The focus of hooks's writing was to explore the

intersectionality Intersectionality is an analytical framework for understanding how aspects of a person's social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege. Intersectionality identifies multiple factors of adva ...

of race,

capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for Profit (economics), profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, pric ...

, and gender, and what she described as their ability to produce and perpetuate systems of

oppression Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment or exercise of power, often under the guise of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium. Oppression may be overt or covert, depending on how it is practiced. Oppression refers to discrimination ...

and class domination. She published around 40 books, including works that ranged from essays and poetry to children's books. She published numerous scholarly articles, appeared in documentary films, and participated in public

lecture A lecture (from Latin ''lēctūra'' “reading” ) is an oral presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. Lectures are used to convey critical infor ...

s. Her work addressed

love Love encompasses a range of strong and positive emotional and mental states, from the most sublime virtue or good habit, the deepest Interpersonal relationship, interpersonal affection, to the simplest pleasure. An example of this range of ...

race Race, RACE or "The Race" may refer to: * Race (biology), an informal taxonomic classification within a species, generally within a sub-species * Race (human categorization), classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, and/or s ...

class Class or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used differentl ...

gender Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures u ...

art Art is a diverse range of human activity, and resulting product, that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas. There is no generally agreed definition of wha ...

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

sexuality Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, psychological, physical, erotic, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Because it is a broad term, which has varied ...

mass media Mass media refers to a diverse array of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety of outlets. Broadcast media transmit information ...

, and

. She began her academic career in 1976 teaching English and

ethnic studies Ethnic studies, in the United States, is the interdisciplinary study of difference—chiefly race, ethnicity, and nation, but also sexuality, gender, and other such markings—and power, as expressed by the state, by civil society, and by indivi ...

at the

University of Southern California The University of Southern California (USC, SC, or Southern Cal) is a Private university, private research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Founded in 1880 by Robert M. Widney, it is the oldest private research university in C ...

. She later taught at several institutions including

Stanford University Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...

Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wo ...

, and

The City College of New York The City College of the City University of New York (also known as the City College of New York, or simply City College or CCNY) is a public university within the City University of New York (CUNY) system in New York City. Founded in 1847, Cit ...

, before joining

Berea, Kentucky Berea is a home rule-class city in Madison County, Kentucky, in the United States. The town is best known for its art festivals, historic restaurants and buildings, and as the home to Berea College, a private liberal arts college. The population ...

, in 2004, where she founded the bell hooks Institute in 2014. Her pen name was borrowed from her maternal great-grandmother, Bell Blair Hooks.hooks, bell, "Inspired Eccentricity: Sarah and Gus Oldham" in Sharon Sloan Fiffer and Steve Fiffer (eds), ''Family: American Writers Remember Their Own'', New York: Vintage Books, 1996, p. 152. hooks, bell, ''Talking Back'', Routledge, 2014 989 p. 161.

Early life

Gloria Jean Watkins was born on September 25, 1952, in

Hopkinsville Hopkinsville is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Christian County, Kentucky, United States. The population at the 2010 census was 31,577. History Early years The area of present-day Hopkinsville was initially claimed in 1796 b ...

, a small, segregated town in

Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north; West Virginia and Virginia to ...

, to a working-class

African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...

family. Watkins was one of six children born to Rosa Bell Watkins (''née'' Oldham) and Veodis Watkins. Her father worked as a

janitor A janitor (American English, Scottish English), also known as a custodian, porter, cleanser, cleaner or caretaker, is a person who cleans and maintains buildings. In some cases, they will also carry out maintenance and security duties. A simil ...

and her mother worked as a maid in the homes of white families. In her memoir '' Bone Black: Memories of Girlhood'' (1996), Watkins would write of her "struggle to create self and identity" while growing up in "a rich magical world of southern black culture that was sometimes paradisiacal and at other times terrifying." An avid reader (with poets

William Wordsworth William Wordsworth (7 April 177023 April 1850) was an English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication ''Lyrical Ballads'' (1798). Wordsworth's ' ...

Langston Hughes James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1901 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. One of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry, Hug ...

, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Gwendolyn Brooks among her favorites), Watkins was educated in

racially segregated Racial segregation is the systematic separation of people into race (human classification), racial or other Ethnicity, ethnic groups in daily life. Racial segregation can amount to the international crime of apartheid and a crimes against hum ...

public schools, later moving to an integrated school in the late 1960s. She graduated from Hopkinsville High School before obtaining her BA in English from

in 1973, and her MA in English from the

University of Wisconsin–Madison A university () is an educational institution, institution of higher education, higher (or Tertiary education, tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. Universities ty ...

in 1976. During this time, Watkins was writing her book '' Ain't I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism'', which she began at the age of 19 () and then published in 1981. In 1983, after several years of teaching and writing, she completed her doctorate in English at the

University of California, Santa Cruz The University of California, Santa Cruz (UC Santa Cruz or UCSC) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Santa Cruz, California. It is one of the ten campuses in the University of California syste ...

, with a dissertation on author

Toni Morrison Chloe Anthony Wofford Morrison (born Chloe Ardelia Wofford; February 18, 1931 – August 5, 2019), known as Toni Morrison, was an American novelist. Her first novel, ''The Bluest Eye'', was published in 1970. The critically acclaimed '' So ...

entitled "Keeping a Hold on Life: Reading Toni Morrison's Fiction".

Teaching and writing

She began her academic career in 1976 as an English professor and senior lecturer in

at the

. During her three years there, Golemics, a Los Angeles publisher, released her first published work, a chapbook of poems titled ''And There We Wept'' (1978), written under the name "bell hooks". She had adopted her maternal great-grandmother's name as her pen name because, as she later put it, her great-grandmother "was known for her snappy and bold tongue, which I greatly admired". She also said she put the name in lowercase letters both to honor her great-grandmother and to convey that what is most important to focus upon is her works, not her personal qualities: the "substance of books, not who I am". On the unconventional lowercasing of her pen name, hooks added that, "When the feminist movement was at its zenith in the late '60s and early '70s, there was a lot of moving away from the idea of the person. It was: Let's talk about the ideas behind the work, and the people matter less... It was kind of a gimmicky thing, but lots of feminist women were doing it." In the early 1980s and 1990s, hooks taught at several post-secondary institutions, including the

San Francisco State University San Francisco State University (commonly referred to as San Francisco State, SF State and SFSU) is a public research university in San Francisco. As part of the 23-campus California State University system, the university offers 118 different b ...

Yale Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the wor ...

(1985 to 1988, as assistant professor of African and Afro-American studies and English),

Oberlin College Oberlin College is a Private university, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college and conservatory of music in Oberlin, Ohio. It is the oldest Mixed-sex education, coeducational liberal arts college in the United S ...

(1988 to 1994, as associate professor of American literature and women's studies), and, beginning in 1994, as distinguished professor of English at

City College of New York The City College of the City University of New York (also known as the City College of New York, or simply City College or CCNY) is a public university within the City University of New York (CUNY) system in New York City. Founded in 1847, Cit ...

."bell hooks." Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2010. Literature Resource Center. Retrieved June 12, 2018.

South End Press South End Press was a non-profit book publisher run on a model of participatory economics. It was founded in 1977 by Michael Albert, Lydia Sargent, Juliet Schor, among others, in Boston's South End. It published books written by political activi ...

published her first major work, '' Ain't I a Woman? Black Women and Feminism'', in 1981, though she had written it years earlier while still an undergraduate. In the decades since its publication, ''Ain't I a Woman?'' has been recognized for its contribution to feminist thought, with ''

Publishers Weekly ''Publishers Weekly'' (''PW'') is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers, librarians, booksellers, and literary agents. Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, "The International News Magazine of B ...

'' in 1992 naming it "One of the twenty most influential women's books in the last 20 years." Writing in ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'' in 2019,

Min Jin Lee Min Jin Lee (born November 11, 1968) is a Korean American author and journalist based in Harlem, New York City. Her work frequently deals with Korean and Korean American topics. She is the author of the novels ''Free Food for Millionaires'' (2 ...

said that ''Ain't I a Woman'' "remains a radical and relevant work of political theory. She lays the groundwork of her feminist theory by giving historical evidence of the specific sexism that black female slaves endured and how that legacy affects black womanhood today." ''Ain't I a Woman?'' examines themes including the historical impact of sexism and racism on black women, devaluation of black womanhood, media roles and portrayal, the education system, the idea of a

white-supremacist White supremacy or white supremacism is the belief that white people are superior to those of other races and thus should dominate them. The belief favors the maintenance and defense of any power and privilege held by white people. White su ...

capitalist Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, priva ...

patriarchy Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are primarily held by men. It is used, both as a technical anthropological term for families or clans controlled by the father or eldest male or group of males a ...

and the

marginalization Social exclusion or social marginalisation is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term that has been used widely in Europe and was first used in France in the late 20th century. It is used across discipline ...

of black women. bellhooks

At the same time, hooks became significant as a

leftist Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in soci ...

and postmodern political thinker and

cultural critic A cultural critic is a critic of a given culture, usually as a whole. Cultural criticism has significant overlap with social and cultural theory. While such criticism is simply part of the self-consciousness of the culture, the social positions of ...

. She published more than 30 books, ranging in topics from black men,

, and

masculinity Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors con ...

to self-help; engaged

pedagogy Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken as ...

to personal memoirs; and sexuality (in regards to feminism and politics of aesthetics and

visual culture Visual culture is the aspect of culture expressed in visual images. Many academic fields study this subject, including cultural studies, art history, critical theory, philosophy, media studies, Deaf Studies, and anthropology. The field of ...

). ''Reel to Real: race, sex, and class at the movies'' (1996) collects film essays, reviews, and interviews with film directors. In ''

The New Yorker ''The New Yorker'' is an American weekly magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. Founded as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is published 47 times annually, with five of these issues ...

'',

Hua Hsu Hua Hsu (born 1977) is an American writer and academic, based in New York City. He is a professor of English at Bard College and a staff writer at ''The New Yorker''. His work includes investigations of immigrant culture in the United States, as ...

said these interviews displayed the facet of hooks's work that was "curious, empathetic, searching for comrades". In '' Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center'' (1984), hooks develops a critique of white feminist racism in

second-wave feminism Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades. It took place throughout the Western world, and aimed to increase equality for women by building on previous feminist gains. Wh ...

, which she argued undermined the possibility of feminist solidarity across racial lines. As hooks argued, communication and literacy (the ability to read, write, and think critically) are necessary for the feminist movement because without them people may not grow to recognize gender inequalities in society. In 2002, hooks gave a

commencement speech A commencement speech or commencement address is a speech given to graduating students, generally at a university, although the term is also used for secondary education institutions and in similar institutions around the world. The commencement ...

Southwestern University Southwestern University (Southwestern or SU) is a private liberal arts college in Georgetown, Texas. Formed in 1873 from a revival of collegiate charters granted in 1840, Southwestern is the oldest college or university in Texas. Southwestern o ...

. Eschewing the congratulatory mode of traditional commencement speeches, she spoke against what she saw as government-sanctioned violence and oppression, and admonished students who she believed went along with such practices. ''

The Austin Chronicle ''The Austin Chronicle'' is an alternative weekly newspaper published every Thursday in Austin, Texas, United States. The paper is distributed through free news-stands, often at local eateries or coffee houses frequented by its targeted demogr ...

'' reported that many in the audience booed the speech, though "several graduates passed over the provost to shake her hand or give her a hug." In 2004, she joined

as Distinguished Professor in Residence. Her 2008 book, ''belonging: a culture of place'', includes an interview with author

Wendell Berry Wendell Erdman Berry (born August 5, 1934) is an American novelist, poet, essayist, environmental activist, cultural critic, and farmer. Closely identified with rural Kentucky, Berry developed many of his agrarian themes in the early essays of ...

as well as a discussion of her move back to

. She was a scholar in residence at

The New School The New School is a private research university in New York City. It was founded in 1919 as The New School for Social Research with an original mission dedicated to academic freedom and intellectual inquiry and a home for progressive thinkers. ...

on three occasions, the last time in 2014. Also in 2014, the bell hooks Institute was founded at Berea College, where she donated her papers in 2017. During her time at Berea College, hooks also founded the bell hooks center along with professor Dr. M. Shadee Malaklou. The center was established to provide underrepresented students, especially black and brown, femme, queer, and Appalachian individuals at Berea College, a safe space where they can develop their activist expression, education, and work. bell hooks’ work and her emphasis on the importance of feminism and love serves as the inspiration and guiding principles of the center and the education it offers. The center continues to operate today and offers events and programming with an emphasis on radical feminist and anti-racist thought. She was inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame in 2018.

Personal life

Regarding her sexual identity, hooks described herself as "queer-pas-gay". She used the term "pas" from the

French language French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Nor ...

, translating to "not" in the English language. hooks describes being

queer ''Queer'' is an umbrella term for people who are not heterosexual or cisgender. Originally meaning or , ''queer'' came to be used pejoratively against those with same-sex desires or relationships in the late 19th century. Beginning in the lat ...

in her own words as "not who you're having sex with, but about being at odds with everything around it". She states, "As the essence of queer, I think of

Tim Dean Tim Dean is a British academic, author, notable in the field of contemporary queer theory, and author of several works on the subject: ''Gary Snyder and the American Unconscious'' (1991), ''Beyond Sexuality'' (2000), and ''Unlimited Intimacy: Refle ...

's work on being queer and queer not as being about who you're having sex with – that can be a dimension of it – but queer as being about the self that is at odds with everything around it and it has to invent and create and find a place to speak and to thrive and to live." During an interview with Abigail Bereola in 2017, hooks revealed to Bereola that she was single while they discussed her love life. During the interview, hooks told Bereola, "I don't have a partner. I've been celibate for 17 years. I would love to have a partner, but I don't think my life is less meaningful."

Buddhism

Through her interest in Beat poetry and after an encounter with the poet and Buddhist

Gary Snyder Gary Snyder (born May 8, 1930) is an American poet, essayist, lecturer, and environmental activist. His early poetry has been associated with the Beat Generation and the San Francisco Renaissance and he has been described as the "poet laureate of ...

, hooks was first introduced to

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...

in her early college years She described herself as finding Buddhism as part of a personal journey in her youth, centered around seeking to recenter love and spirituality in her life and configure these concepts into her focus on activism and justice. After her initial exposures to Buddhism, hooks incorporated it into her Christian upbringing and this combined Christian-Buddhist thought influenced her identity, activism, and writing for the remainder of her life.Medine, Carolyn M. Jones Medine. “bell hooks, Black Feminist Thought, and Black Buddhism: A Tribute.” Journal of World Philosophies. 7 (Summer 2022): 187-196. She was drawn to Buddhism because of the personal and academic framework it offered her to understand and respond to suffering and discrimination as well as love and connection. She describes the Christian-Buddhist focus on everyday practice as fulfilling the centering and grounding needs of her everyday life. Buddhist thought, especially the work of

Thích Nhất Hạnh Thích Nhất Hạnh ( ; ; born Nguyễn Xuân Bảo; 11 October 1926 – 22 January 2022) was a Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk, peace activist, prolific author, poet and teacher, who founded the Plum Village Tradition, historically recogni ...

, appears in multiple of hooks' essays, books, and poetry. Buddhist spirituality also played an significant role in the creation of hooks' love ethic which became a major focus in both her written work and her activism.

Death

On December 15, 2021, hooks died from

kidney failure Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as eit ...

at her home in

, aged 69.

Filmography

* '' Black Is... Black Ain't'' (1994) * ''Give a Damn Again'' (1995) * ''

Cultural Criticism and Transformation ''Cultural Criticism and Transformation'' (1997), by bell hooks, is a two-part video that critiques stereotypical portrayals of race, gender and class in the media with extensive examples. In conclusion, hooks makes an argument for the power ...

'' (1997) * ''My Feminism'' (1997) * ''Voices of Power'' (1999) * ''

BaadAsssss Cinema ''BaadAsssss Cinema'' is a 2002 TV documentary film directed by Isaac Julien. Julien looks at the Blaxploitation era of the 1970s in this hour-long documentary. Synopsis With archive film clips and interviews, this brief look at a frequently ove ...

'' (2002) * ''I Am a Man: Black Masculinity in America'' (2004) * ''Happy to Be Nappy and Other Stories of Me'' (2004) * ''Is Feminism Dead?'' (2004) * ''Fierce Light: When Spirit Meets Action'' (2008) * ''

Occupy Love ''Occupy Love'' is a 2012 documentary film about the Occupy movement directed by Velcrow Ripper. The film premiered at the 2012 Vancouver International Film Festival. Overview ''Occupy Love'' argues that the Arab Spring, Occupy movement, ''Indign ...

'' (2012) * ''Hillbilly'' (2018)

Awards and nominations

* ''Yearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural Politics'': The

American Book Award The American Book Award is an American literary award that annually recognizes a set of books and people for "outstanding literary achievement". According to the 2010 awards press release, it is "a writers' award given by other writers" and "the ...

Before Columbus Foundation The Before Columbus Foundation is a nonprofit organization founded in 1976 by Ishmael Reed, "dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of contemporary American multicultural literature". The Foundation makes annual awards for books published in ...

Award (1991) * bell hooks: The Writer's Award from the Lila Wallace–Reader's Digest Fund (1994) * ''Happy to Be Nappy'': NAACP Image Award nominee (2001) * ''Homemade Love'': The Bank Street College Children's Book of the Year (2002) * ''Salvation: Black People and Love'':

Hurston/Wright Legacy Award The Hurston/Wright Legacy Awards program honors Black writers in the United States and around the globe for literary achievement. Introduced in 2001, the Legacy Award was the first national award presented to Black writers by a national organizatio ...

nominee (2002) * bell hooks: ''

Utne Reader ''Utne Reader'' (also known as ''Utne'') ( ) is a digital digest that collects and reprints articles on politics, culture, and the environment, generally from alternative media sources including journals, newsletters, weeklies, zines, music, and ...

''s "100 Visionaries Who Could Change Your Life" * bell hooks: ''

The Atlantic Monthly ''The Atlantic'' is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher. It features articles in the fields of politics, foreign affairs, business and the economy, culture and the arts, technology, and science. It was founded in 1857 in Boston, ...

''s "One of our nation's leading public intellectuals" * bell hooks: ''TIME'' 100 Women of the Year, 2020

Select bibliography

Books

* * * * Excerpted in * * With

Cornel West Cornel Ronald West (born June 2, 1953) is an American philosopher, political activist, social critic, actor, and public intellectual. The grandson of a Baptist minister, West focuses on the role of race, gender, and class in American society an ...

, * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * With

Amalia Mesa-Bains Amalia Mesa-Bains (born July 10, 1943),Telgen, page 272-273 is a Chicana curator, author, visual artist, and educator. She is best known for her large-scale installations that reference home altars and '' ofrendas''. Her work engages in a concept ...

, * * * * * With Stuart Hall, ''Uncut Funk: A Contemplative Dialogue'', Foreword by

Paul Gilroy Paul Gilroy (born 16 February 1956) is an English sociologist and cultural studies scholar who is the founding Director of the Sarah Parker Remond Centre for the Study of Race and Racism at University College, London (UCL). Gilroy is the 2019 ...

. New York, NY: Routledge. 2018. .

Children's books

* * * * *

Book chapters

* * * *
Pdf.
*

References

Citations

Cited sources

* * * *

External links

bell hooks articles
published in '' Lion's Roar'' magazine.
South End Press
(books by hooks published by

)
University of California, Santa Barbara
(biographical sketch of hooks)

(article by hooks)
Whole Terrain
(articles by hooks published in ''

Whole Terrain ''Whole Terrain: Journal of Reflective Environmental Practice'' is an environmentally-themed literary journal that is published approximately once a year by Antioch University New England (ANE). Each volume explores emerging ecological and social ...

'')
Challenging Capitalism & Patriarchy
(interviews with hooks by Third World Viewpoint)
Ingredients of Love
(an interview with ''

Ascent Ascent or The Ascent may refer to: Publications * ''Ascent'' (magazine), an independent, not-for-profit magazine * ''Ascent'' (journal), a literary journal based at Concordia College * ''Ascent'' (novel), by Jed Mercurio * '' Times Ascent'', a ...

'' magazine) * * *
''In Depth'' interview with hooks, May 5, 2002

Interview
in ''BOMB'' magazine
"bell hooks remembered: 'She embodied everything I wanted to be'"
''The Guardian'', December 16, 2021.
"For bell hooks"
Media Diversified, December 16, 2021.
"Remembering bell hooks & Her Critique of 'Imperialist White Supremacist Heteropatriarchy'"
''

Democracy Now! ''Democracy Now!'' is an hour-long American TV, radio, and Internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman (who also acts as the show's executive producer), Juan González, and Nermeen Shaikh. The show, which airs live each weekday at ...

''
"bell hooks - Are You Still a Slave? Liberating the Black Female Body , Eugene Lang College"
The New School (via YouTube), May 6, 2014. {{DEFAULTSORT:Hooks, Bell 1952 births 2021 deaths Deaths from kidney failure History of women in the United States People from Berea, Kentucky People from Hopkinsville, Kentucky 20th-century African-American writers 20th-century American essayists 20th-century American philosophers 20th-century American poets 20th-century American women writers 20th-century pseudonymous writers 21st-century African-American writers 21st-century American essayists 21st-century American philosophers 21st-century American poets 21st-century American women writers 21st-century pseudonymous writers African-American children's writers African-American memoirists African-American philosophers African-American poets Black studies scholars African-American women writers American children's writers American cultural critics American ethicists American memoirists American philosophy academics American social commentators American women essayists American women memoirists American women non-fiction writers American women philosophers American women poets Analytic philosophers Communication theorists Critical race theory Critical theorists Film theorists LGBT philosophers Literacy and society theorists Mass media theorists Moral philosophers Philosophers of art Philosophers of culture Philosophers of education Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of history Philosophers of literature Philosophers of sexuality Philosophers of social science Philosophy teachers Philosophy writers Political philosophers Postmodern writers Poststructuralists Pseudonymous women writers Social critics Social philosophers Theorists on Western civilization Trope theorists Writers about activism and social change Writers about globalization African-American feminists American feminist writers American socialist feminists Feminist studies scholars Feminist theorists Postmodern feminists Radical feminism American anti-capitalists American human rights activists American social activists American socialists American women activists American anti-poverty advocates Free speech activists City University of New York faculty San Francisco State University faculty University of Southern California faculty Yale University faculty Academics from Kentucky American Book Award winners Appalachian writers Kentucky women writers LGBT African Americans LGBT people from Kentucky Queer women Queer writers Stanford University alumni University of California, Santa Cruz alumni University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni Oberlin College faculty Writers from Kentucky 20th-century African-American women 21st-century African-American women

Early life

Teaching and writing

Personal life

Buddhism

Death

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Select bibliography

Books

Children's books

Book chapters

References

Citations

Cited sources

Further reading

External links