Bedtime Story (Madonna Song)
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"Bedtime Story" is a song by American singer
Madonna Madonna Louise Ciccone (; ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Widely dubbed the " Queen of Pop", Madonna has been noted for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, a ...
from her sixth
studio album An album is a collection of audio recordings issued on compact disc (CD), Phonograph record, vinyl, audio tape, or another medium such as Digital distribution#Music, digital distribution. Albums of recorded sound were developed in the early ...
, ''
Bedtime Stories A bedtime story is a traditional form of storytelling, where a story is told to a child at bedtime to prepare the child for sleep. The bedtime story has long been considered "a definite institution in many families".Dickson, Marguerite Stockma ...
'' (1994). It was released as the third
single Single may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Single (music), a song release Songs * "Single" (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2004 * "Single" (New Kids on the Block and Ne-Yo song), 2008 * "Single" (William Wei song), 2016 * "Single", by ...
from the album on February 13, 1995, by Maverick Records. The song was written by
Björk Björk Guðmundsdóttir ( , ; born 21 November 1965), known mononymously as Björk, is an Icelandic singer, songwriter, composer, record producer, and actress. Noted for her distinct three-octave vocal range and eccentric persona, she has de ...
, Nellee Hooper and
Marius De Vries Marius de Vries (born 1961) is an English music producer and composer. He has won a Grammy Award from four nominations, two BAFTA Awards, and an Ivor Novello Award. Education Marius de Vries was educated at St Paul's Cathedral School, Bedford ...
. She re-wrote a demo of the song to the current version, which was then produced by Madonna and Hooper. A mid-
tempo In musical terminology, tempo (Italian, 'time'; plural ''tempos'', or ''tempi'' from the Italian plural) is the speed or pace of a given piece. In classical music, tempo is typically indicated with an instruction at the start of a piece (often ...
electronic and
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song with
acid In computer science, ACID ( atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee data validity despite errors, power failures, and other mishaps. In the context of databases, a sequ ...
,
ambient Ambient or Ambiance or Ambience may refer to: Music and sound * Ambience (sound recording), also known as atmospheres or backgrounds * Ambient music, a genre of music that puts an emphasis on tone and atmosphere * ''Ambient'' (album), by Moby * ...
and
techno Techno is a genre of electronic dance music (EDM) which is generally produced for use in a continuous DJ set, with tempo often varying between 120 and 150 beats per minute (bpm). The central rhythm is typically in common time (4/4) and often ch ...
influences, "Bedtime Story" has an underlying skeletal synth melody influenced by
minimal trance Psychedelic Trance, Psytrance or Psy is a subgenre of trance music characterized by arrangements of rhythms and layered melodies created by high tempo riffs. The genre offers variety in terms of mood, tempo, and style. Some examples include full ...
music. The track's unconventional, electronic sound was a departure from the pop- R&B-based tracks throughout the rest of the album. Lyrically, the song talks about the joys of the
unconscious Unconscious may refer to: Physiology * Unconsciousness, the lack of consciousness or responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli Psychology * Unconscious mind, the mind operating well outside the attention of the conscious mind a ...
world. "Bedtime Story" received favorable reviews from
music critic ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres". In this sense, it is a branch of mus ...
s, who praised the song's hypnotic and electronic style, and deemed it an underrated song which could have had great potential. Commercially, the single reached the top-ten in the record charts of the United Kingdom, Italy and Australia, but missed the
top 40 In the music industry, the Top 40 is the current, 40 most-popular songs in a particular genre. It is the best-selling or most frequently broadcast popular music. Record charts have traditionally consisted of a total of 40 songs. "Top 40" or " con ...
in the United States, while peaking at number one on the ''
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''
Dance Club Songs Dance Club Songs is a chart published weekly by '' Billboard'' magazine in the United States. It is a national look over of club disc jockeys to determine the most popular songs being played in nightclubs across the country. It was launched as t ...
chart. The accompanying
music video A music video is a video of variable duration, that integrates a music song or a music album with imagery that is produced for promotion (marketing), promotional or musical artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a m ...
for "Bedtime Story" was directed by Mark Romanek and is listed as one of the most expensive music videos of all time with a cost of $5 million ($ million in dollars). It features surrealistic and
new age New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise definition difficult. Although many scholars conside ...
imagery, with influences from artists such as Remedios Varo,
Frida Kahlo Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón (; 6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954) was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, ...
and
Leonora Carrington Mary Leonora Carrington (6 April 191725 May 2011) was a British-born Mexican artist, surrealist painter, and novelist. She lived most of her adult life in Mexico City and was one of the last surviving participants in the surrealist movement of ...
. The video received acclaim from critics and is permanently displayed at the
Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...
in New York City. "Bedtime Story" was performed at the
1995 Brit Awards Brit Awards 1995 was the 15th edition of the Brit Awards, an annual pop music awards ceremony in the United Kingdom. It was organised by the British Phonographic Industry and took place on 20 February 1995 at Alexandra Palace in London. Blur ...
in London with Madonna wearing a silver
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dress and long blonde extensions, becoming one of the 30 best moments of the awards show history according to ''
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''. A remixed version of the song was also used as a video interlude on her
Re-Invention World Tour The Re-Invention World Tour (billed as Re-Invention World Tour 2004) was the sixth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Madonna, in support of her ninth studio album ''American Life'' (2003). The tour began on May 24, 2004, in Inglewood ...
in 2004, and was later performed by Madonna on her 2023–24 Celebration Tour. Critics and scholars noted that the song foreshadowed Madonna's move towards
electronic music Electronic music is a genre of music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments, or circuitry-based music technology in its creation. It includes both music made using electronic and electromechanical means ( electroac ...
in her future work.


Background and release

According to Lucy O'Brien in her book '' Madonna: Like an Icon'', Madonna wanted to "make an impact" on the
soul music Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the African American community throughout the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It has its roots in African-American gospel music and rhythm and blues. Soul music became po ...
scene, and started working with prominent producers from the R&B market. Madonna also wanted to explore British club music scene, where genres such as dub had been growing in popularity. She decided to work with several European producers and composers from the electronic scene, including Nellee Hooper, who pleased Madonna due to his "very European sensibility". Inviting Hooper over to
Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the world' ...
, writing sessions started taking place in Chappell Studios, Encino, California. Madonna was inspired at that time by Björk's album ''
Debut Debut or début (the first public appearance of a person or thing) may refer to: * Debut (society), the formal introduction of young upper-class women to society * Debut novel, an author's first published novel Film and television * ''The Debu ...
'' (1993). Through her connections with De Vries and Hooper, Madonna got in touch with Björk and offered her a chance to write a track for ''
Bedtime Stories A bedtime story is a traditional form of storytelling, where a story is told to a child at bedtime to prepare the child for sleep. The bedtime story has long been considered "a definite institution in many families".Dickson, Marguerite Stockma ...
''. Björk did not consider herself a fan of Madonna's music, but she was intrigued by the offer and she accepted it. Bjork wrote a song initially named "Let's Get Unconscious", with the opening lyrics "Today is the last day, that I'm using words"—the lines being born out of Björk's own criticism of Madonna's aesthetic. The singer clarified, "When I was offered to write a song for adonna I couldn't really picture me doing a song that would suit her... But on second thought, I decided to do this to write the things I have always wanted to hear her say that she's never said." Once the song demo had been finished, De Vries and Hooper rearranged the track and the final version was called "Bedtime Story". Björk later confessed that Madonna had got few of the lyrics wrong — like, instead of the original "learning logic and reason", Madonna included it as "leaving logic and reason". The original demo was later re-worked and released as "
Sweet Intuition Sweetness is a basic taste most commonly perceived when eating foods rich in sugars. Sweet tastes are generally regarded as pleasurable. In addition to sugars like sucrose, many other chemical compounds are sweet, including aldehydes, keto ...
", which appeared as a
B-side The A-side and B-side are the two sides of phonograph records and cassettes; these terms have often been printed on the labels of two-sided music recordings. The A-side usually features a recording that its artist, producer, or record compan ...
on Björk's "Army of Me" single and remixed on the "It's Oh So Quiet#Björk version, It's Oh So Quiet" single. Björk clarified that she had never met Madonna, and explained, "basically she asked my friend [Marius De Vries] for a song, and my friend asked me to help him... no offence to Madonna, but I did it more as a present to my friend". "Bedtime Story" was eventually released as the third
single Single may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Single (music), a song release Songs * "Single" (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2004 * "Single" (New Kids on the Block and Ne-Yo song), 2008 * "Single" (William Wei song), 2016 * "Single", by ...
from the parent album, ''Bedtime Stories'', on February 13, 1995. On March 19, 2021, an Extended play, EP was released to all Digital download (music), digital and Streaming (music), streaming outlets.


Recording and composition

"Bedtime Story" is an electronic song, a notable departure from the other tracks on its parent album, which are more R&B and new jack swing-driven. Unlike Madonna's more up-tempo, melodic work, the song is slower and has less melody but a more complex rhythmic structure. It has an ambient music, ambient-influenced tone, with a "pulsating" and a "deep, bubbling" house music, house beat. There are stylistic comparisons to acid house music with its "skeletal" Synthesizer, synth arrangement, influences of
minimal trance Psychedelic Trance, Psytrance or Psy is a subgenre of trance music characterized by arrangements of rhythms and layered melodies created by high tempo riffs. The genre offers variety in terms of mood, tempo, and style. Some examples include full ...
, as well as
techno Techno is a genre of electronic dance music (EDM) which is generally produced for use in a continuous DJ set, with tempo often varying between 120 and 150 beats per minute (bpm). The central rhythm is typically in common time (4/4) and often ch ...
. The song's instrumentation is synthesized, consisting of drum machine loops, Organ (music), organs, strings, gurgles, handclaps, as well as a digitally-altered "Homophony, homophonic" choir. According to sheet music published by Musicnotes.com, "Bedtime Story" is written in the key of G minor and has a moderate tempo (music), tempo of 108 beats per minute. Madonna's vocals span from the nodes of A3 to G5 and follows a basic sequence of Gm9–Dm–E–A–G as its chord progression. The song is linked to the ending of the previous album track, "Sanctuary", and starts with its chord (music), chords. The ending of the track has a pulsating beat and a mix of the lead synth, with Madonna's voice whimpering and uttering "Ha-ha-aahs". It ends abruptly saying "And all that you've ever learned, try to forget, I'll never explain again" making the listener believe that it was all the part of a dream. According to Victor Amaro Vicente in his book ''The Aesthetics of Motion in Musics for the Mevlana Celal ed-Din Rumi'', the song's music bears many resemblances to New-age music, new age-era music and different forms of Sufi music. Its slow atmospheric qualities have drawn comparison to "Mevlevi-Sufi Relaxation" and the song's intricate, "steady and continuous" rhythmic structure has also drawn comparison to the ''Dhikr, zikr'' ceremony. Björk, one of the song's writers, has been credited for giving the song its particular style and according to De Vries, the track's architecture is "distinctly Björkian" and she "has such a particular and idiosyncratic approach to the construction of lyrics and phrasing". In a chapter of ''Music and Technoculture'' written by Charity Marsh and Melissa West, it is stated that one can hear the influence of Björk in Madonna's vocals during the song. Rikky Rooksby, author of ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna'', noted that the lyrics of "Bedtime Story" are a hymn to the joys of unconsciousness and a rejection of the supposed constraints of reason and language, hence the line "Words are useless, especially sentences, They don't stand for anything, How could they explain how I feel?" Lyrically, despite being a song about a trip to the unconscious, scholars have noticed subtexts within the song's meaning. Vicente noted that postmodernism and
new age New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise definition difficult. Although many scholars conside ...
themes are prevalent within the lyrics, especially with regards to their incapability of articulating the concept of the truth, as well as the song's theme of meditation and relax. Islamic mysticism, Islamic mystic and sexual themes have also been noted within the song's lyrics. Vicente further found that the cliché references to "honey", "longing and yearning", and the sexual connotations of being "wet on the inside" does not relate to "secular" love, but to "ecstatic" Sufi poetry. The lyrics allude to concepts of movement which are "central" to Sufi philosophy: "It indicates achieving ''Fana (Sufism), fana'' through ''Sema (Islamic term), sema'' (getting 'lost' and 'leaving logic and reason to the arms of unconsciousness')".


Critical reception

"Bedtime Story" has received positive reviews from Music journalism, music critics. Peter Galvin from ''The Advocate (LGBT magazine), The Advocate'' found that the song "calls to mind the Ecstasy anthem 'Rescue Me (Madonna song), Rescue Me'". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic, in a review for the parent album, wrote that "Bedtime Story" was among the "best songs on the album" and that it "slowly works [its] melodies into the subconscious as the bass pulses". Larry Flick from ''
Billboard A billboard (also called a hoarding in the UK and many other parts of the world) is a large outdoor advertising structure (a billing board), typically found in high-traffic areas such as alongside busy roads. Billboards present large advertise ...
'' noted, "It is easily among [Madonna's] boldest and most experimental pop singles to date" with "trippy and cutting-edge Trance music, trance Electronic dance music, dance rhythms". He finished his review praising its "ingratiating" hook and "it is an affecting plea for unconscious bliss and escape, voiced with underplayed angst and resolve". Writing for ''Idolator (website), Idolator'', Bianca Gracie called "Bedtime Story" the highlight of the album, adding that "It sucks you in with its quivering drum patterns taken directly from trance music, which creates an ethereal ambiance". Gracie commended the influence of UK dance music and Madonna's provocative vocals, finding the song to be a direct inspiration for singer Britney Spears' "Breathe on Me", from her fourth studio album ''In the Zone'' (2003). In his weekly UK chart commentary, James Masterton said that it's easily "the most credible single" Madonna has released since "Vogue (Madonna song), Vogue". A reviewer from ''Music Week'' gave the song four out of five, stating that it "gives Madonna a vehicle for a mix of inviting vocals and an insistent sensual rhythm. One of the best songs on the album." James Hamilton (DJ and journalist), James Hamilton from the ''Record Mirror, RM'' Dance Update deemed it a "'let's get unconscious' whispered burbling throbber". Sal Cinquemani of ''Slant Magazine'' praised the song, claiming that it had unfulfilled potential and that it "could have been the next 'Vogue'". In a review for her ''GHV2'' album, he also described the song as a "trippy follow-up to the mainstream hit 'Take a Bow (Madonna song), Take a Bow'" and gave it an "A" rating. O'Brien wrote that "'Bedtime Story' was a vivid track that foreshadowed Madonna's move towards electronica". Author Victor Amaro Vicente wrote in his book, ''The Aesthetics of Motion in Musics for the Mevlana Celal Ed-Din Rumi'', that the song's "complex rhythmic texture" made it a "dance hall favorite in the mid-1990s". Rikky Rooksby wrote in ''The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna'', that the track was similar to the music of English Alternative pop, alternative band Everything but the Girl, and claimed that "in contrast to most other songs of the album, this is one track that could have been longer and more trippy than it is". Matthew Rettenmund wrote in his ''Encyclopedia Madonnica'' that the song was a "total curveball" because of its inclusion on the album. He also believed that releasing it as a follow-up single to the commercially successful "Take a Bow" diminished its potential. However, Rettenmund praised it as one of Madonna's most "uncharacteristic" songs, describing as a "hypnotic, almost hallucinogenic, ride through an idealized state of mind." This was echoed by author Chris Wade (writer), Chris Wade, who wrote in the book ''The Music of Madonna'' that although written by Björk, Madonna made the song her own by "adding a druggy, sleepiness [to it] that makes it one of her most unusual, quirky and challenging tracks." Jude Rogers from ''The Guardian'' was more critical, saying that "as gorgeously hypnotic as it is, it sounds ''too much'' like Björk"; nonetheless, she placed the song at number 53 on her ranking of Madonna's singles, in honor of her 60th birthday. ''Pitchfork (website), Pitchfork''s Owen Pallett compared it negatively to Björk's "Violently Happy" and deemed it "disappointing—sterile and static". In August 2018, ''Billboard'' picked it as the singer's 44th greatest single, calling it "a bizarre choice for a third single [...] Its lightly flickering beat and moaning synths were pitched at a very radio-unfriendly midtempo Minimalism (music), minimalism, and Björk's anti-lyric about eschewing words hardly rate as Madonna's most rousing".


Commercial performance

In the United States, the song debuted at number 72 on the US Billboard Hot 100, ''Billboard'' Hot 100, on the issue dated April 22, 1995 and it sold 12,000 units in its first-week. One week later, the song peaked at number 42, becoming the first Madonna single since "Burning Up (Madonna song), Burning Up" (1983) not to reach the top 40. If "Bedtime Story" would have been able to reach the top 40, Madonna could have become the third woman in the "Rock music, rock era" with the most top 40 hits, behind Aretha Franklin and Connie Francis. She would have achieved a consecutive string of 33 top 40 hits, starting from her single "Holiday (Madonna song), Holiday" (1983). Fred Bronson from ''Billboard'' explained that the song's loss of radio airplay and sales prevented it from peaking within the US top 40. "Bedtime Story" spent a total of seven weeks on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. However, it was successful on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart, where it peaked at number one and spent 16 weeks on the charts. Furthermore, it also charted on various Billboard charts, ''Billboard'' genre charts, including the Rhythmic Top 40 at number 40, and the Top 40 Mainstream at number 38. On the RPM (magazine), Canadian ''RPM'' Top Singles chart, it reached a peak of number 42. In the United Kingdom, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at its peak of number four on the week of February 25, 1995. It left the top 20 two weeks later, eventually spending nine weeks on the charts. In other European countries, the song also found some success. It peaked at number 38 in Belgium for one week only. On the Dutch Single Top 100 chart, it entered and peaked at number 46 on April 15, 1995, and stayed on the same position the next week, with a total run of two weeks. "Bedtime Story" debuted at number nine in Finland, and peaked at number four the next week. In Australia, the song debuted and peaked at number five on April 9, 1995, where it stayed in that position for three weeks. It fell out of the top ten in the fifth week, and eventually exited the charts after a total run of nine weeks, falling to 44 on its last week in the charts. In New Zealand, it debuted at number 40 on May 7, 1995, moving up two positions to 38 which was its peak, and leaving the charts the next week.


Music video


Background and development

The accompanying
music video A music video is a video of variable duration, that integrates a music song or a music album with imagery that is produced for promotion (marketing), promotional or musical artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a m ...
for "Bedtime Story" was directed by Mark Romanek over a course of six days at Universal Studios, Universal City, California, Universal City, California. Madonna had first approached Romanek to direct the music video of her ''Erotica (Madonna album), Erotica'' single, "Bad Girl (Madonna song), Bad Girl" (1993). Romanek recalled in the DVD, ''Directors Label, The Work of Director Mark Romanek'', that "Bad Girl" was ultimately directed by David Fincher, but Romanek agreed to direct "Rain (Madonna song), Rain," the final video from ''Erotica''. He was then approached by the singer's team and asked to work on "Bedtime Story." Romanek contacted storyboard artist Grant Shaffer to create the storyboards for the video. He met with Romanek the next day, who played "Bedtime Story" for Shaffer and also showed him some photographs of Madonna, which were supposed to be used as the album cover. The surrealism inspired images portrayed a mystical looking Madonna, with white hair billowing behind her. Romanek wanted to have the music video capture the same look. Madonna called from Florida and together with Romanek they described to Shaffer every aspect of the video, including budget and their concepts. For the next few days, Shaffer sketched the storyboards and faxed them to Romanek for review. About 20 days later, Shaffer dropped the final sketches at Propaganda Films, who were producing the video. Production started from December 5, 1994, at Universal Studios. When Shaffer arrived there, he found that his storyboards were glued on a giant blackboard along with the schedule for each shot. He also observed that many of his storyboard ideas had evolved, but they retained the core concepts. The preliminary shots used a Madonna body double and the singer arrived afterwards, proceeding with the shots in a water tank. Filming stopped for few hours when a minor earthquake shook the film studio. Few complications were encountered like Madonna getting dyed in blue color from sitting in the water tank, as well as technical difficulties leading to cancellation of a storyboard showing the singer opening her chest cavity. One shot involving Madonna lying in the lap of a skeleton had to be postponed since the skeleton was too small for the singer, and had to be rebuilt from scratch. The last scene filmed was the one involving the laboratory where Madonna was shown sleeping in a futuristic dress. Making the clip reportedly cost US$5 million (US$ million in ), making "Bedtime Story" one of the most List of most expensive music videos, expensive music videos of all time. It was the most expensive video at the time of its release, alongside the clip for her single "Express Yourself (Madonna song), Express Yourself" (1989). Tom Foden was the video's production designer and it was shot by cinematographer Harris Savides, on 35mm movie film, 35 mm film lens. Ash Beck was the main visual effects designer. Due to the vast number of visual effects required for the video, post-production lasted for weeks. In an interview with ''Aperture (magazine), Aperture'' magazine, Madonna revealed the inspiration for the music video:
My "Bedtime Story" video was completely inspired by all the female surrealist painters like
Leonora Carrington Mary Leonora Carrington (6 April 191725 May 2011) was a British-born Mexican artist, surrealist painter, and novelist. She lived most of her adult life in Mexico City and was one of the last surviving participants in the surrealist movement of ...
and Remedios Varo. There's that one shot where my hands are up in the air and stars are spinning around me. And me flying through the hallway with my hair trailing behind me, the birds flying out of my open robe – all of those images were an homage to female surrealist painters; there's a little bit of
Frida Kahlo Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón (; 6 July 1907 – 13 July 1954) was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits, self-portraits, and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture, ...
in there, too.


Release and synopsis

On March 10, 1995, the video was given a cinematic release at three different Odeon Cinemas, Odeon Cineplex film theaters; in Santa Monica, California, Santa Monica, California at the Broadway theatre, Broadway Cinemas, in Manhattan, New York (state), New York at the Chelsea Theater Center, Chelsea Theater, and in Chicago, Illinois at the Biograph Theater. To promote the video, Madonna did a special known as ''Madonna's Pajama Party'' on March 18, 1995. where the singer could be seen reading a bedtime story in Webster Hall in New York City. Unlike most of Madonna's videos which debuted on either MTV or VH1 television channels, "Bedtime Story" was first put into circulation on radio station WHTZ, Z100 following the singer's "pajama party" on March 18. According to Maverick GM Abbey Konowitch, they first aligned with Odeon Cineplex so that they could assure that the music video would be viewed in an innovative way. However, Konowitch and his team were aware that such an event could not be organized for every release because it would cause problems with investments. Odeon VP Freeman Fisher explained that since it was a slow theatrical season, allowing the video's release enabled them to sell more tickets, "for four minutes the audience sees astounding cinematic images in a first class feature-like production. It's not just another artist lip-syncing to a track." The music video starts off with a blue monitor screen with an eye showing the inscription "Welcome". The video progresses inside a blue space ship-style room with Madonna lying prostrate in what seems to be a scientific experiment. The imagery cast in this section of the video have drawn comparisons to hermeticism. The video progresses into a sequence of dreams, containing varied surrealistic, mystic, new age, Sufi and Ancient Egypt, Egyptian imagery and symbolism. Such include a scene in which Madonna lies on a rotating sunflower, and images of a woman with long hair, an Alchemy, alchemist-type man holding a cube with brunette-haired Madonna's face on each side as well as rotating Sufi dancers. The dream sequence progresses with unusual clips, including Madonna in a pool with half-visible skulls. A scene in which Madonna, dressed in a light dressing gown, gives birth to doves, can also be seen; the image has been compared to the work of René Magritte and Kahlo's 1932 painting ''My Birth''. Next shot shows her sleeping and laying on the lap of a skeleton with skull, who hugs her. Suddenly, she floats down a corridor in a white gown and her blonde hair trails behind her and appears in a black-and-white projection in a cinema-like room. She appears spotting brunette hair and commands something. As the music gets more dramatic, the dream grows intense, the singer can be seen wading through space with her blonde hair trailing behind her again, the images of skulls and scars appearing and the singer being scared. A scene in which Madonna's eyes are placed with mouths and her mouth with an eye precedes the ending, influenced by the work of Kahlo; the final shots show Madonna waking up and looking out.


Reception and analysis

The music video for "Bedtime Story" has received generally positive reviews from critics ever since its release. It was exhibited and permanently kept in different art galleries and museums, including the
Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of ...
as well the School of Visual Arts in New York City. O'Brien praised the video, calling it "one of [Madonna]'s most Experimental film, experimental" music videos and a "Salvador Dalí, Dalí-esque epic", causing it to enter "the portals of high art". MTV News' James Montgomery, while writing an article on the popular culture, pop culture references of Britney Spears' "Hold It Against Me" music video (2011), claimed that "Bedtime Story" was an ultra artistic video, influencing Spears' one. Corinna Herr wrote in the book ''Madonna's Drowned Worlds'' that "Visual references to surreal paintings seem to be a key to Madonna's world of images" and listed "Bedtime Story" as one of these videos. In the same book, author Santiago Fouz-Hernández added that videos like "Bedtime Story" included alchemical and hermeticist traditions, in particular the concepts of androgyny and Masquerade ball, masquerade. Herr also wrote regarding the video's new age influences and concept of an idealism, idealised world, one "which she is not necessarily a part, but to which she nevertheless seems to be attracted". Rettenmund commented that the video was rife with mystical and Sufi traditions, and described it as a "singular creation in Madonna's oeuvre". The music video has also drawn comparisons to Tarsem Singh's films, ''The Cell (film), The Cell'' (2000) and ''The Fall (2006 film), The Fall'' (2006), in the sense that they both incorporate elements of Islamic mystic imagery, such as in the scene where the Sufi dance is executed, as well as the floating cube. According to writer Brad Brevet, who observed the similarities, deduced that both the video and the films deal with tapping into the subconscious of the human mind and hence the resulting strange visuals were directly an influence from "Bedtime Story". James Steffen, author of ''The Cinema of Sergei Parajanov'', found that some of the imagery in the video were directly lifted from the 1969 Soviet film, ''The Color of Pomegranates'', including the scenes showing a bare foot crushing grapes over a slab inscribed with Arabic, and a scene showing a bishop's Crosier, croziers falling into hand. Steffen also noted that Romanek's influences for the video included the works of Russian film director Andrei Tarkovsky, including ''Stalker (1979 film), Stalker'' (1979) and ''Nostalghia'' (1983). Jake Hall from ''Dazed'' declared "Bedtime Story" as the blueprint for "1990s in film, 90s brand of futurism", adding that the video "eschews the obvious and instead relies on undulating Computer animation, CGI". It can be found on the Madonna compilations, ''The Video Collection 93:99'' (1999) and ''Celebration: The Video Collection'' (2009). The music video for "Bedtime Story" was published on Madonna's official YouTube channel in October 2009. It has amassed more than 7.7 million views as of September 2021.


Live performances

The Junior Vasquez single remix of the song was performed at the
1995 Brit Awards Brit Awards 1995 was the 15th edition of the Brit Awards, an annual pop music awards ceremony in the United Kingdom. It was organised by the British Phonographic Industry and took place on 20 February 1995 at Alexandra Palace in London. Blur ...
on February 20, 1995. Madonna wore a
Versace Gianni Versace S.r.l. (), usually referred to as Versace ( ), is an Italian luxury fashion company founded by Gianni Versace in 1978 known for flashy prints and bright colors. The company produces Italian-made ready-to-wear and accessories, as w ...
Spring/Summer 1995 silver silk evening dress, with long blonde extensions. She even invited Björk to feature in the performance; the singer turned it down, saying "I was supposed to get [Madonna's] personal number and call her up, but it just didn't feel right. I'd love to meet her accidentally, really drunk in a bar. It's just all that formality that confuses me". It was described by ''Music Week'' as a "flamboyant performance". The performance was ranked number four on ''
Marie Claire ''Marie Claire'' is a French international monthly magazine first published in France in 1937, followed by the United Kingdom in 1941. Since then various editions are published in many countries and languages. The feature editions focus on wo ...
''s "30 Best Brit Award Moments" list. It was described by the magazine as the "best opening performance" at the Brit Awards, Brits. A writer described that "[Madonna] pulled out all the stops, treating the audience to a light show and trio of satin-clad male dancers". Madonna included the song on her 2004
Re-Invention World Tour The Re-Invention World Tour (billed as Re-Invention World Tour 2004) was the sixth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Madonna, in support of her ninth studio album ''American Life'' (2003). The tour began on May 24, 2004, in Inglewood ...
, where elements of the Orbital (band), Orbital remix were used as a video interlude. As the video played, three acrobatic dancers dropped from the ceiling on swings in a Cirque du Soleil-like performance. Madonna appeared in the video wearing a white costume while singing in front of a mirror and lying down on a big scanner. A white horse can be seen with her during the video riding on a white desert and running through white sheets. As the interlude ended, Madonna appeared on stage again to sing "Nothing Fails" (2003). Glenn Gamboa of ''Newsday'' commented that the "athletic swinging" of the trapeze artists during the interlude "provides the song a grace that it never would have seen in a straight performance", while Anthony J. Sanfilippo, editor of the ''Delaware County Daily Times'', stated that "three trapeze artists who undulated in perfect synchronicity while dangerously flying out over the audience". Madonna later included "Bedtime Story" in the setlist for her 2023–24 The Celebration Tour. The performance features the singer wearing a mirror ball body suit, on a giant cube that rises out of the stage. The cube's screen show images of an anime-inspired Madonna in an animated world "accessing dreamlike meanders, full of creatures, rituals, possibilities that we can't explain", created by Brazilian artist Gabriel Massan. It was named one of the best moments of the concert by ''Billboard''s Joe Lynch, who wrote that she "sounded fabolous" during the number. The BBC's Mark Savage included it as one of the "not so successful" moments, and stated that the performance "felt superfluous".


Legacy

"Bedtime Story" has been cited as one of the songs with the most unfulfilled potential in Madonna's career; nonetheless, the song did enjoy some success, being a club "favorite" in the mid-1990s. It has been described as the record that foreshadowed Madonna's usage of electronic music in her later work, especially ''Ray of Light'' (1998), which according to Vicente, owes "its contemplative and electronic techno Rave music, rave character to 'Bedtime Story'." O'Brien wrote in ''Madonna: Like an Icon'', that the song "foreshadowed [the singer's] move towards electronica". De Vries recalled that tackling the song "seemed to set something free in Madonna. She was straining at the leash a little bit, to find some other languages to speak, and 'Bedtime Story' was an embryonic moment that went a lot further on to the next few albums." In a review for the ''Bedtime Stories'' album on a whole, Sal Cinquemani of ''Slant Magazine'' wrote that the song was "the germ that would later inspire Madonna to seek out and conquer electronica with the likes of William Orbit and Mirwais Ahmadzaï, Mirwais". While ranking Madonna's 60 best singles, Chuck Arnold from ''Entertainment Weekly'' listed "Bedtime Story" at 54, calling it an "important" song in the singer's catalogue as, according to the author, it provided a "jumping-off point for the Avant-garde music, avant-garde electronica of ''Ray of Light''". Arca (musician), Arca stated: "This song in particular and its video hit me hard and then stroked me soft, presented an infrastructure of widescreen unapologeticness so empowering that to this day, when the song starts, I smile from ear to ear and want to lick my own skin".


Track listings and formats

*US 7-inch, CD, and cassette single # "Bedtime Story" (Album Version) – 4:53 # "Survival" (Album Version) – 3:33 *US CD maxi-single # "Bedtime Story" (Album Edit) – 4:08 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior Vasquez, Junior's Wet Dream Mix) – 8:35 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Dreamy Drum Dub) – 9:34 # "Survival" (Album Version) – 3:33 # "Bedtime Story" (William Orbit, Orbital Mix) – 7:44 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Mix) – 9:18 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Single Mix) – 4:53 *US 12-inch vinyl # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Mix) – 9:18 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Dub) – 8:19 # "Bedtime Story" (Orbital Mix) – 7:44 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Wet Dream Mix) – 8:35 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Wet Dream Dub) – 7:30 *UK and European 12-inch vinyl # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Mix) – 9:18 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Dub) – 8:19 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Wet Dream Mix) – 8:35 # "Bedtime Story" (Orbital Mix) – 7:44 *UK 7" and Cassette Single # "Bedtime Story" (Album Edit) – 4:08 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Single Mix) – 4:53 *UK limited edition storybook CD single # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Single Mix) – 4:53 # "Secret (Madonna song), Secret" (Allstar Mix) – 5:10 # "Secret" (Some Bizarre Mix) – 9:48 # "Secret" (Some Bizarre Single Mix) – 4:17 *UK, European and Australian CD maxi single # "Bedtime Story" (Album Edit) – 4:08 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Wet Dream Mix) – 8:35 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Dreamy Drum Dub) – 9:34 # "Bedtime Story" (Orbital Mix) – 7:44 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Mix) – 9:18 *Digital single (2021) # "Bedtime Story" (Album Edit) – 4:08 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Wet Dream Mix) – 8:35 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Dreamy Drum Dub) – 9:34 # "Survival" (Album Version) – 3:33 # "Bedtime Story" (Orbital Mix) – 7:44 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Mix) – 9:18 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Single Mix) – 4:53 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Mix Edit) – 4:19 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Sound Factory Dub) – 8:19 # "Bedtime Story" (Junior's Wet Dream Dub) – 7:31 # "Bedtime Story" (Lush Vocal Radio Edit) – 4:42 # "Bedtime Story" (Lush Vocal Mix) – 6:47 # "Bedtime Story" (Luscious Dub Mix) – 7:38 # "Bedtime Story" (Percapella Mix) – 6:31 # "Bedtime Story" (Unconscious in the Jungle Mix) – 6:26


Credits and personnel

Credits and personnel are adapted from the ''Bedtime Stories'' album liner notes. *
Madonna Madonna Louise Ciccone (; ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. Widely dubbed the " Queen of Pop", Madonna has been noted for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, songwriting, a ...
 – lead vocals, producer *
Björk Björk Guðmundsdóttir ( , ; born 21 November 1965), known mononymously as Björk, is an Icelandic singer, songwriter, composer, record producer, and actress. Noted for her distinct three-octave vocal range and eccentric persona, she has de ...
 – songwriter *
Marius De Vries Marius de Vries (born 1961) is an English music producer and composer. He has won a Grammy Award from four nominations, two BAFTA Awards, and an Ivor Novello Award. Education Marius de Vries was educated at St Paul's Cathedral School, Bedford ...
 – producer * Nellee Hooper – songwriter, producer * Frederick Jorio – mixing * P. Dennis Mitchell – mixing * Robert Kiss – assistant engineer * Joey Moskowitz – programming * Paolo Riversi – cover art, photographer, designer * Michael Penn – designer


Charts


Weekly charts


Year-end charts


See also

* List of number-one dance singles of 1995 (U.S.) * List of most expensive music videos


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * *


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Bedtime Story (Song) 1994 songs 1995 singles Madonna songs Music videos directed by Mark Romanek Sire Records singles Maverick Records singles Warner Records singles Song recordings produced by Madonna Song recordings produced by Nellee Hooper Songs written by Björk Songs written by Marius de Vries Songs written by Nellee Hooper Music videos shot in the United States