Beatriz Pinheiro or Beatriz Paes Pinheiro de Lemos (1871 – 1922) was a

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

writer concerned with improving the rights of women. She was a pacifist who became convinced that Portugal should fight in the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

Life

Portuguese Women and the European War 1916

Pinheiro was born in

Viseu Viseu () is a city and municipality in the Centro Region of Portugal and the capital of the district of the same name, with a population of 100,000 inhabitants, and center of the Viseu Dão Lafões intermunipical community, with 267,633 inhabita ...

in central Portugal in 1871. She and the poet Carlos de Lemos published an arts magazine in Viseu named ''Ave Azul'' ("Bluebird") which ran for twelve issues in 1899 and 1900. In the magazine they published revolutionary ideas about the rights of women. They thought that a woman should be able to create a dignified life for herself without the need of a man. She called on readers to champion the rights of women to compete in education on an equal footing with men and to gain their right to equal civil and political equality. She lauded Alice Pestana's ''Portuguese League for Peace'' founded in 1899. Pinheiro believed that educated women could contribute to creating world peace. These were revolutionary ideas. Pestana was also publishing her ideas but under a nom de plume of Cil in the newspaper ''Vanguardia''. She became the representative of the Portuguese League for Peace and she used her writing to further its republican ideals in Viseu. She wrote for A Beira, Almanaque de Senhoras,

Alma feminina ''Alma feminina'' was the official bulletin of Portugal’s ''Conselho Nacional das Mulheres Portuguesas'' (CNMP) (Portuguese Women’s National Council) from January 1917 to 1946. The Portuguese Women’s National Council was formed in 1914. It ...

or A Crónica. In time she and Carlos found it better to move to Lisbon. When the Republic was formed, on October 5, 1910, Beatriz Pinheiro was in Lisbon, participating in the campaign to approve the Divorce Law. In June 1913, she, Ana Augusta de Castilho,

Ana de Castro Osório Ana de Castro Osório (18 June 1872 – 23 March 1935) was a Portuguese feminist, active in the field of children's literature and political Republicanism. Early life Osório was born into a well-off family on 18 June 1872, her mother being Mari ...

, Luthgarda de Caires, Joana de Almeida Nogueira and

Maria Veleda Maria Veleda, the pseudonym widely used by Maria Carolina Frederico Crispin (1871–1955), was a Portuguese educator, journalist and activist. One of the most effective early feminists in Portugal, she fought for the rights of women factory worker ...

were part of the Portuguese delegation at the

Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance The Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance met in Budapest, Hungary, June 15–21, 1913. As had been the case with all the preceding conferences, the location had been chosen to reflect the status of woman suffrage: a place ...

in Budapest. During the First World War on 8 June 1916 she held a conference at Liceu Maria Pia where she was teaching. As a result she published ''A Mulher Portuguêsa e a Guerra Europeia'' (Portuguese Women and the European War). This was a defining moment as Pinheiro who was a known pacifist and radical, defended Portugal's participation in World War I. Pinheiro died in

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

in 1922.

Works

* ''Duas Almas'' (1912) * ''A Mulher Portuguêsa e a Guerra Europeia'' (1916)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pinheiro, Beatriz 1872 births 1922 deaths People from Viseu Portuguese feminists Portuguese non-fiction writers Portuguese women writers