Beatrice Medicine (August 1, 1923 - December 19, 2005) (
Sihasapa
The Sihásapa or Blackfoot Sioux are a division of the Lakota people, Titonwan, or Teton.
''Sihásapa'' is the Lakota word for "Blackfoot", whereas '' Siksiká'' has the same meaning in the Blackfoot language. As a result, the Sihásapa have ...
and
Minneconjou
The Miniconjou (Lakota: Mnikowoju, Hokwoju – ‘Plants by the Water’) are a Native American people constituting a subdivision of the Lakota people, who formerly inhabited an area in western present-day South Dakota from the Black Hills i ...
Lakota
Lakota may refer to:
*Lakota people, a confederation of seven related Native American tribes
*Lakota language, the language of the Lakota peoples
Place names
In the United States:
*Lakota, Iowa
*Lakota, North Dakota, seat of Nelson County
*Lakota ...
) (
Lakota name Hinsha Waste Agli Win – "Returns Victorious with a Red Horse Woman"
) was a
scholar
A scholar is a person who pursues academic and intellectual activities, particularly academics who apply their intellectualism into expertise in an area of study. A scholar can also be an academic, who works as a professor, teacher, or researche ...
,
anthropologist
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...
, and educator known for her work in the fields of Indigenous languages, cultures, and history. Medicine spent much of her life researching, teaching, and serving Native communities, primarily in the fields of
bilingual education
In bilingual education, students are taught in two (or more) languages. It is distinct from learning a second language as a subject because both languages are used for instruction in different content areas like math, science, and history. The t ...
, addiction and recovery, mental health, tribal identity, and women's, children's, and
LGBT community
The LGBT community (also known as the LGBTQ+ community, GLBT community, gay community, or queer community) is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay men, gay, bisexuality, bisexual, transgender, and other queer individuals united by a comm ...
issues.
Early life
Medicine was born on the
Standing Rock
The Standing Rock Reservation ( lkt, Íŋyaŋ Woslál Háŋ) lies across the border between North and South Dakota in the United States, and is inhabited by ethnic "Hunkpapa and Sihasapa bands of Lakota Oyate and the Ihunktuwona and Pabaksa ...
Reservation in
Wakpala,
South Dakota
South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Lakota people, Lakota and Dakota peo ...
on the 1st of August, 1923.
Education
Medicine received her
BA in anthropology at
South Dakota State University
South Dakota State University is a public land-grant research university in Brookings, South Dakota. Founded in 1881, it is the state's largest and most comprehensive university and the oldest continually-operating university in South Dakota. The ...
in 1945, and her
MA in both Sociology and Anthropology from
Michigan State University
Michigan State University (Michigan State, MSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in East Lansing, Michigan. It was founded in 1855 as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, the fi ...
in 1954. She completed her
Ph.D
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common Academic degree, degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields ...
in 1983 at the
University of Wisconsin
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
.
Career
Medicine studied the human behaviors involved in
racism
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism ...
and
linguistic discrimination
Linguistic discrimination (also called glottophobia, linguicism and languagism) is unfair treatment of people which is based on their use of language and the characteristics of their speech, including their first language, their accent, the p ...
, in both academia and social anthropology. Much of her work focused on the resurgence,
survivance, and expansion of
Indigenous language
An indigenous language, or autochthonous language, is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous peoples. This language is from a linguistically distinct community that originated in the area. Indigenous languages are not neces ...
s and culture. Medicine was known internationally for her work with students and faculty,
and over her 50 year career at campuses including
Santo Domingo Pueblo
Kewa Pueblo ( Eastern Keres , Keres: ''Díiwʾi'', Navajo: ''Tó Hájiiloh'') is a federally-recognized tribe of Native American Pueblo people in northern New Mexico, in Sandoval County southwest of Santa Fe. The pueblo is recorded as the Santo ...
Agency School,
Flandreau Indian School, the
University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia (UBC) is a public university, public research university with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna, British Columbia. Established in 1908, it is British Columbia's oldest university. The university ranks a ...
,
Stanford University
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California. The campus occupies , among the largest in the United States, and enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is consider ...
,
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College (; ) is a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native A ...
,
Mount Royal College
Mount Royal University (MRU) is a public university in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
History
Mount Royal University was founded by Alberta provincial charter by the Arthur Sifton government on December 16, 1910 and officially opened on September 8 ...
(now Mount Royal University),
San Francisco State University
San Francisco State University (commonly referred to as San Francisco State, SF State and SFSU) is a public research university in San Francisco. As part of the 23-campus California State University system, the university offers 118 different b ...
, the
University of Washington
The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington.
Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattle a ...
, the
University of Montana
The University of Montana (UM) is a public research university in Missoula, Montana. UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus. UM reported 10,962 undergraduate and graduate students in the fal ...
and the
University of South Dakota
The University of South Dakota (USD) is a public research university in Vermillion, South Dakota. Established by the Dakota Territory legislature in 1862, 27 years before the establishment of the state of South Dakota, USD is the flagship univ ...
.
She retired as Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at
California State University, Northridge
California State University, Northridge (CSUN or Cal State Northridge) is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. With a total enrollment of 38,551 students (as of Fall 2021), it has the second largest un ...
.
In her book, ''Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining Native'', Medicine playfully attributed her multi-institutional career as a result of embracing the traditional roots of the Lakota: "as far as moving so often is concerned, I jokingly refer to the former nomadism of my people".
Her lifelong commitment as a scholar and educator resulted in numerous publications, speeches, lectures, and studies, for many which Medicine received honourable accolades and awards recognizing her pursuits for equity in
human rights
Human rights are Morality, moral principles or Social norm, normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for ce ...
.
Medicine was actively involved in civil rights struggles in the Indigenous communities of
Seattle
Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest regio ...
, Vancouver, and
Calgary
Calgary ( ) is the largest city in the western Canadian province of Alberta and the largest metro area of the three Prairie Provinces. As of 2021, the city proper had a population of 1,306,784 and a metropolitan population of 1,481,806, makin ...
.
In 1974 Medicine testified alongside
Vine Deloria Jr.
Vine Victor Deloria Jr. (March 26, 1933 – November 13, 2005, Standing Rock Sioux) was an author, theologian, historian, and activist for Native American rights. He was widely known for his book '' Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto ...
as an expert witness in the federal case brought against those involved in the
Wounded Knee incident
The Wounded Knee Occupation, also known as Second Wounded Knee, began on February 27, 1973, when approximately 200 Oglala Lakota (sometimes referred to as Oglala Sioux) and followers of the American Indian Movement (AIM) seized and occupied ...
. In 1984, Medicine was elected to the
Common Cause
Common Cause is a watchdog group based in Washington, D.C., with chapters in 35 states. It was founded in 1970 by John W. Gardner, a Republican, who was the former Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare in the administration of President L ...
National Governing Board, a
nonprofit organization
A nonprofit organization (NPO) or non-profit organisation, also known as a non-business entity, not-for-profit organization, or nonprofit institution, is a legal entity organized and operated for a collective, public or social benefit, in co ...
built with the intent on "holding power accountable". In 1993-94 Medicine took a stand for her beliefs and respect for the role of women in Indigenous cultures by accepting a position in the Women's Branch of Canada's
Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP) was a Canadian royal commission established in 1991 with the aim of investigating the relationship between Indigenous peoples in Canada, the Government of Canada, and Canadian society as a whole. ...
, seeing this as acting as a voice for the people to fight for the legal rights of Indigenous families.
Medicine's commitment to social action did not end when she retired from her career as a teacher and scholar in the early 1990s.
Upon returning to her home on the
Standing Rock Indian Reservation
The Standing Rock Reservation ( lkt, Íŋyaŋ Woslál Háŋ) lies across the border between North and South Dakota in the United States, and is inhabited by ethnic "Hunkpapa and Sihasapa bands of Lakota Oyate and the Ihunktuwona and Pabaksa ...
in South Dakota she assisted in the efforts to build a new public school for the community.
She also sat on the Pardon Board and the Wakpala-Smee School District
School board
A board of education, school committee or school board is the board of directors or board of trustees of a school, local school district or an equivalent institution.
The elected council determines the educational policy in a small regional are ...
.
Death
Beatrice Medicine died during an emergency surgery on 19 December 2005, in
Bismarck,
North Dakota
North Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the Native Americans in the United States, indigenous Dakota people, Dakota Sioux. North Dakota is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north a ...
.
In accordance with her wishes there was no funeral service. Her family requested that, rather than collect flowers for a gravesite, friends and family instead donate to the
American Indian College Fund
The American Indian College Fund is a nonprofit organization that helps Native American students, providing them with support through scholarships and funding toward higher education. The fund provides an average of 6,000 annual scholarships for ...
in
Denver, Colorado
Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the Unit ...
.
Medicine is survived by her sister Grace V Yardley, her son Ted Sitting Crow Garner, and her adopted daughter
JoAllyn Archambault who is also an
anthropologist
An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...
.
Legacy
In 2006
AltaMira Press
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an independent publishing house founded in 1949. Under several imprints, the company offers scholarly books for the academic market, as well as trade books. The company also owns the book distributing compa ...
published ''Drinking and Sobriety Among the Lakota Sioux,'' a work they had been producing with Medicine in the days prior to her passing''.''
This work examines the role of harmful
in relation to
alcoholism
Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol (drug), alcohol that results in significant Mental health, mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognize ...
which Medicine originally presented in her 1969 article "The Changing Dakota Family and the Stresses Therein," in ''The Pine Ridge Research Journal.''
In honour of Medicine and her lifelong dedication to education, The
Society for Applied Anthropology
The Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) is a worldwide organization for the Applied Social Sciences, established "to promote the integration of anthropological perspectives and methods in solving human problems throughout the world; to advocate ...
(SfAA) created the Bea Medicine Award, a scholarship travel grant of $500, awarded to up to four students who are either completing their
undergraduate
Undergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education. It typically includes all postsecondary programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree. For example, in the United States, an entry-lev ...
or
graduate studies, to assist in attending the Annual Meeting of the SfAA.
Her papers are archived in the
National Anthropological Archives
The National Anthropological Archives is a collection of historical and contemporary documents maintained by the Smithsonian Institution, which document the history of anthropology and the world's peoples and cultures. It is located in the Smi ...
at the
Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums and education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge". Founded ...
.
Awards
* (1991) Distinguished Service Award from the
American Anthropological Association
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology. With 10,000 members, the association, based in Arlington, Virginia, includes archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, ...
.
* (1996)
Bronislaw Malinowski Award The Bronislaw Malinowski Award is an award given by the US-based Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) in honor of Bronisław Malinowski (1884–1942), an original member and strong supporter of the Society. Briefly established in 1950, the award ...
from the
Society for Applied Anthropology
The Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) is a worldwide organization for the Applied Social Sciences, established "to promote the integration of anthropological perspectives and methods in solving human problems throughout the world; to advocate ...
.
* (2005) George and Louise Spindler Award for Education in Anthropology from the
American Anthropological Association
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology. With 10,000 members, the association, based in Arlington, Virginia, includes archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, ...
.
* Ohana Award from the American Counseling Association].
* Outstanding Woman of Color Award from the National Institute of Women of Color.
* Honoring Our Allies Award from the
National LGBTQ Task Force, National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
Published work
Collaborative works
* (1973). "The Native American" in Don Speigel and Patricia Keith-Speigel eds. ''The Outsiders.'' New York: Rinehart and Winston Holt.
* (1976) "The Schooling Process: Some Lakota (Sioux) Views" in Craig J. Calhoun and Francis A. Janni eds. ''The Anthropological Study of Education.''
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
: Mouton.
* (1983). "Warrior Women." ''The Hidden Half: Studies of Plains Indian Women.''
Patricia C. Alberts, ed. .
* (1987). "My Elders Tell Me" in J.Barman, Y. Hebert and D.McCaskill eds. ''Indian Education in Canada'', vol 2.
Vancouver
Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...
:
University of British Columbia Press
The University of British Columbia Press (UBC Press) is a university press that is part of the University of British Columbia. It was established in 1971. The press is based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and has editorial offices in Kelo ...
.
* (1987). "Indian Women and the Renaissance of Traditional Religion" in Raymond J. DeMallie and Douglas R. Parks eds. pp. 159–171. ''
Sioux
The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin (; Dakota language, Dakota: Help:IPA, /otʃʰeːtʰi ʃakoːwĩ/) are groups of Native Americans in the United States, Native American tribes and First Nations in Canada, First Nations peoples in North America. The ...
Indian Religion, Tradition and Innovation.'' Norman and London:
University of Oklahoma Press
The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma. Founded in 1929 by the fifth president of the University of Oklahoma, William Bennett Bizzell, it was the first university press to be established i ...
.
* (1987). "The Role of American Indian Women in Cultural Continuity and Transition" in J. Penfield ed. ''Women and Language in Transition''.
Albany:
SUNY Press
The State University of New York (SUNY, , ) is a system of public colleges and universities in the State of New York. It is one of the largest comprehensive system of universities, colleges, and community colleges in the United States. Led by c ...
.
* (1988). "Ella Cara Deloria" in Ute Gacs, Aisha Khan, Jerry McIntyre and Ruth Weinberg eds. pp. 45–50. ''Women Anthropologists: a Biographical Dictionary.'' New York:
Greenwood Press
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio. Established in 1967 as Gr ...
.
* (1997). "Changing Native American Roles in an Urban Context and Changing Native American Sex Roles in an Urban Context" in Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Wesley Thomas and Sabine Lang eds. ''Two-Spirit People: Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality.''
Urbana __NOTOC__
Urbana can refer to:
Places Italy
*Urbana, Italy
United States
*Urbana, Illinois
**Urbana (conference), a Christian conference formerly held in Urbana, Illinois
*Urbana, Indiana
* Urbana, Iowa
*Urbana, Kansas
* Urbana, Maryland
*Urbana, ...
and
Chicago
(''City in a Garden''); I Will
, image_map =
, map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago
, coordinates =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name ...
:
University of Illinois Press
The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is an American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system. Founded in 1918, the press publishes some 120 new books each year, plus 33 scholarly journals, and several electronic project ...
.
* (1997). "Lakota Star Quilts: Commodity, Ceremony and Economic Development" in Marsha L. MacDowell and C. Kurt Dedwhurst eds. ''To Honor and Comfort: Native American Quilting Traditions.''
Museum of New Mexico Press and
Michigan State University Museum
The Michigan State University Museum most commonly referred to as the ''MSU Museum'' is Michigan State University's oldest museum formed in 1857. It is the state of Michigan's first Smithsonian Affiliate. It was formed to support the work of th ...
.
* (1999). "Ella Cara Deloria: Early Lakota Ethnologist (Newly Discovered Novelist)" in R. Darnell and L. Valentine eds. ''The Americanist Tradition''.
Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...
:
University of Toronto Press
The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian university press founded in 1901. Although it was founded in 1901, the press did not actually publish any books until 1911.
The press originally printed only examination books and the university calen ...
.
Articles and journals
* (1969) "The Changing Dakota Family and the Stresses Therein." ''
Pine Ridge Research Bulletin,'' No. 9, pp. 13–23.
* (1971). "The Anthropologist and American Indian Studies Programs." ''
Indian Historian,'' No. 4, pp. 15–18.
* (1971). "Anthropology as the Indian's Image Maker." ''Indian Historian,'' Vol. 4, No.3, pp. 27–29.
* (1973). "Finders Keepers?" ''Museum News,'' No. 51, pp. 20–26.
* (1975). "Self-Direction in Sioux Education." ''Integrateducation,'' No. 78, pp. 15–17.
* (1976). "Oral History as Truth: Validity in recent Court Cases Involving Native Americans." ''Folklore Forum, Bibliographic and Special Series,'' Vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 1–5.
* (1978). "Higher Education: a New Arena for Native Americans." ''Thresholds in Education,'' No. 4, pp. 22–25.
* (1980). "Ella Cara Deloria, the Emic Voice." ''
Melus
Melus (also ''Milus'' or ''Meles'', ''Melo'' in Italian) (died 1020) was a Lombard nobleman from the Apulian town of Bari, whose ambition to carve for himself an autonomous territory from the Byzantine catapanate of Italy in the early eleventh ...
(Multi-Ethnic Literature in the U.S.),'' Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 23–30.
* (1980). "American Indian Women: Mental Health Issues which Relate to Drug Abuse." ''
Wíčazo Ša Review
The ''Wíčazo Ša Review'' ("Red Pencil" in Lakota) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of Native American studies. The journal was established in 1985 by editors-in-chief Elizabeth Cook-Lynn (Dakota Santee), Dr. Beatrice Medicine (Lakot ...
: a Journal of Native American Studies'', No. 9, pp. 85–89.
* (1980). "American Indian Women: Spirituality and Status." ''
Bread and Roses
"Bread and Roses" is a political slogan as well as the name of an associated poem and song. It originated from a speech given by American women's suffrage activist Helen Todd; a line in that speech about "bread for all, and roses too" inspired ...
'', No. 2, pp. 15–18.
* (1981). "American Indian Family Cultural Change and Adaptive Strategies." ''Journal of Ethnic Studies'', No. 8, pp. 13–23.
* (1981). "'Speaking Indian': Parameters of Language Use among American Indians." ''Focus: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education'', No. 6, pp. 3–10.
* (1981). "The Interaction of Culture and Sex Roles in Schools." ''Integrateducation, Special Issue: American Indian Education,'' No. 19, pp. 28–37.
* (1981). "Native American Resistance to Integration: Contemporary Confrontations and Religious Revitalization." ''Plains Anthropologist'', Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 277–86.
* (1982). "New Roads to Coping: Siouan Sobriety" in S.M. Manson ed. ''New Directions in Prevention among American Indian and Alaska Native Communities.''
Portland
Portland most commonly refers to:
* Portland, Oregon, the largest city in the state of Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States
* Portland, Maine, the largest city in the state of Maine, in the New England region of the northeas ...
:
Oregon Health Sciences University
Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) is a
public research university focusing primarily on health sciences with a main campus, including two hospitals, in Portland, Oregon. The institution was founded in 1887 as the University of Oregon Medi ...
.
* (1983). "Indian Women: Tribal Identity as Status Quo." ''Women's Nature: Rationalizations of Inequality.''
New York
New York most commonly refers to:
* New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York
* New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States
New York may also refer to:
Film and television
* '' ...
:
Teachers College Press
Teachers College Press is the university press of Teachers College, Columbia University. Founded in 1904, Teachers College Press has published professional and classroom materials for over a century and currently publishes 70 titles per year.
His ...
.
* (1986). "Contemporary Cultural Revisitation: Bilingual and Bicultural Education." ''
Wíčazo Ša Review
The ''Wíčazo Ša Review'' ("Red Pencil" in Lakota) is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of Native American studies. The journal was established in 1985 by editors-in-chief Elizabeth Cook-Lynn (Dakota Santee), Dr. Beatrice Medicine (Lakot ...
:'' a Journal of Native American Studies, No. 2, pp. 31–35.
* (1988). "Native American (Indian) Women: A Call for Research." ''Anthropology and Education Quarterly,'' Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 86–92.
* (1990). "'Carrying the Culture: American Indian and Alaska Native Women Workers' Wider Opportunity for Women Inc." ''Risks and Challenges: Women, Work and the Future'', pp. 53–60.
* (1993). "North American Indigenous Women and Cultural Domination." ''
American Indian Culture and Research Journal,'' Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 121–30.
* (1998). "Alcohol and Aborigines: the North American Perspective." ''
Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Journal'', No. 8, pp. 7–11.
* (1998). "American Indians and Anthropologists: Issues of History, Empowerment, and Application." ''
Human Organization
''Human Organization'' is the peer-reviewed research journal of the Society for Applied Anthropology. Published quarterly since 1941, it is the second-longest continuously published journal in cultural anthropology in the United States. Its primar ...
'', Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 253–57.
Films
* (1999).
Seeking the Spirit: Plains Indians in Russia.'
Liucija Baskauskas, dir.
Documentary Educational Resources
Documentary Educational Resources (DER) is a US non-profit producer and distributor of film and video in anthropology and ethnology.
It was founded in 1968 by independent filmmakers John Marshall and Timothy Asch and is based in Watertown, Massac ...
.
References
External links
*
SFAA Bea Medicine Award, ''
Society for Applied Anthropology
The Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) is a worldwide organization for the Applied Social Sciences, established "to promote the integration of anthropological perspectives and methods in solving human problems throughout the world; to advocate ...
''.
*
Beatrice Medicine, ''Webster.edu''.
*
Rights advocate Medicine dies at the
Wayback Machine
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web founded by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco, California. Created in 1996 and launched to the public in 2001, it allows the user to go "back in time" and see ...
(archived October 15, 2008), ''
Rapid City Journal
The ''Rapid City Journal'' (formerly the ''Black Hills Journal'' and the ''Rapid City Daily Journal'') is the daily newspaper of Rapid City, South Dakota. As of 2021, it is the largest newspaper in South Dakota by total subscriptions, according ...
''.
*
Beatrice Medicine Dead at 82, ''Savage Minds''.
*
Beatrice Medicine, ''Native American Authors''.
*
, ''
University of Illinois Press
The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is an American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system. Founded in 1918, the press publishes some 120 new books each year, plus 33 scholarly journals, and several electronic project ...
''.
*
Franz Boas Award, ''
American Anthropological Association
The American Anthropological Association (AAA) is an organization of scholars and practitioners in the field of anthropology. With 10,000 members, the association, based in Arlington, Virginia, includes archaeologists, cultural anthropologists, ...
.''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Medicine, Beatrice
1923 births
2005 deaths
20th-century American scientists
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century Native Americans
American women anthropologists
California State University, Northridge faculty
Lakota people
Michigan State University alumni
Miniconjou people
Native American anthropologists
Native American women academics
American women academics
Native American academics
Place of birth missing
Sihasapa
20th-century Native American women
21st-century American women
Native American women scientists