Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
participated in
Eurovision Song Contest 2009
The Eurovision Song Contest 2009 was the 54th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Moscow, Russia, following the country's victory at the with the song "Believe (Dima Bilan song), Believe" by Dima Bilan. Organised by the Euro ...
with the song "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)" written by Evheniy Matyushenko and
Svetlana Loboda
Svitlana Serhiivna Loboda ( uk, Світлана Сергіївна Лобода; born 18 October 1982), also known by the stage name LOBODA, is a Ukrainian singer and composer. Loboda represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 and ...
. The song was performed by Svetlana Loboda. The Ukrainian broadcaster
National Television Company of Ukraine
The Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine ( uk, Національна суспільна телерадіокомпанія України, Natsionalna Suspilna Teleradiokompaniia Ukrainy; abbr. NSTU), shortened to Suspilne ( uk, Суспіль ...
(NTU) organised a national final in order to select the Ukrainian entry for the 2009 contest in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, Russia. The national selection consisted of a semi-final, held on 21 February 2009, and a final, held on 8 March 2009; thirty-one entries competed in the semi-final with the top fifteen advancing to the final. In the final, "Be My Valentine!" performed by Svetlana Loboda was selected as the winner following the combination of votes from a seven-member jury panel and a public televote. The song was later retitled as "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)".
Ukraine was drawn to compete in the second semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest which took place on 14 May 2009. Performing during the show in position 17, "Be My Valentine (Anti-Crisis Girl)" was announced among the 10 qualifying entries of the second semi-final and therefore qualified to compete in the final on 16 May. It was later revealed that Ukraine placed sixth out of the 19 participating countries in the semi-final with 80 points. In the final, Ukraine performed in position 21 and placed twelfth out of the 25 participating countries with 76 points.
Background
Prior to the 2009 contest, Ukraine had participated in the Eurovision Song Contest six times since its first entry in , winning it in with the song "
Wild Dances
"Wild Dances" is a single by Ukrainian singer-songwriter Ruslana. The song, representing , won the Eurovision Song Contest 2004 held in Istanbul with a score of 280 points. A Ukrainian-language version called "Dyki tantsi" () was released in Rus ...
" performed by
Ruslana
Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko ( uk, Руслана Степанівна Лижичко, ''Ruslana Lyzhychko''; born 24 May 1973), known mononymously as Ruslana, is a World Music Award and Eurovision Song Contest winning recording artist, holding ...
. Following the
introduction of semi-finals for the , Ukraine had managed to qualify to final in every contest they participated in thus far. Ukraine had been the runner-up in the contest on two occasions: in with the song "
Dancing Lasha Tumbai
Dance is a performing art form consisting of sequences of movement, either improvised or purposefully selected. This movement has aesthetic and often symbolic value. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire ...
" performed by
Verka Serduchka
Andriy Mykhailovych Danylko ( uk, Андрі́й Миха́йлович Дани́лко; born 2 October 1973), better known as his drag persona Verka Serduchka ( uk, Вє́рка Сердю́чка, links=no, ; russian: Ве́рка Серд ...
and in with the song "
Shady Lady" performed by
Ani Lorak
Karolina Myroslavivna Kuiek, russian: Каролина Мирославовна Куек (born 27 September 1978), popularly known as Ani Lorak,, russian: Ани Лорак is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actress, entrepreneur and former UN ...
. Ukraine's least successful result had been 19th place, which they achieved during the , with the song "
Razom nas bahato
"Razom nas bahato" ( uk, Разом нас багато, ; "Together we are many") is a hip hop song by GreenJolly, which became the unofficial anthem of the Ukrainian Orange Revolution in 2004.[GreenJolly
GreenJolly ( uk, Ґринджоли, ''Gryndzholy'') was a Ukrainian hip hop duo best known for their song "Razom nas bahato, nas ne podolaty", which became the unofficial anthem of the Ukrainian Orange Revolution in 2004.] .
The Ukrainian national broadcaster,
National Television Company of Ukraine
The Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine ( uk, Національна суспільна телерадіокомпанія України, Natsionalna Suspilna Teleradiokompaniia Ukrainy; abbr. NSTU), shortened to Suspilne ( uk, Суспіль ...
(NTU), broadcasts the event within Ukraine and organises the selection process for the nation's entry. NTU confirmed their intentions to participate at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest on 3 November 2008.
In the past, the broadcaster had alternated between both internal selections and national finals in order to select the Ukrainian entry. Between 2005 and 2008, NTU had set up national finals to choose both or either the song and performer to compete at Eurovision for Ukraine, with both the public and a panel of jury members involved in the selection. The method was continued to select the 2009 Ukrainian entry.
Before Eurovision
Evrobachennya 2009 - Natsionalyni vidbir
The Ukrainian national final consisted of a semi-final held on 8 February 2009 and a final on 8 March 2009. Both shows were broadcast on
Pershyi Natsionalnyi
Pershyi ( uk, Перший, ; meaning First) is the Ukrainian public television channel, operated by the Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine.
It is the only Ukrainian TV channel covering over 97% of Ukraine's territory. Its programs are oriente ...
as well as online via NTU's official website ''1tv.com.ua''.
Format
The selection of the competing entries for the national final and ultimately the Ukrainian Eurovision entry took place over three stages. In the first stage, artists and songwriters had the opportunity to apply for the competition. Thirty-one acts were selected and announced on 28 January 2009.
The second stage consisted of the televised semi-final which took place on 8 February 2009 with the thirty-one acts competing in the show. Fifteen acts were selected by an expert jury to advance from the semi-final. The third stage was the final, which took place on 8 March 2009 and featured the fifteen acts that qualified from the semi-finals vying to represent Ukraine in Moscow. The winner was selected via the 50/50 combination of votes from a public televote and an expert jury. Both the public televote and the expert jury assigned scores ranging from 1 (lowest) to 15 (highest) and the entry that had the highest number of points following the combination of these scores was declared the winner. Viewers participating in the public televote during the final had the opportunity to submit their votes for the participating entries via telephone or SMS. In the event of a tie, the tie was decided in favour of the entry that received the highest score from the jury.
Competing entries
Artists and composers had the opportunity to submit their entries between 3 November 2008 and 16 January 2009. A six-member selection panel consisting of Vasyl Ilashchuk (President of NTU), Roman Nedzelskyi (First Vice President of NTU), Andriy Chernyuk (Vice President of NTU), Yevhen Kalensky (Vice President of NTU), Serhiy Lapchenko (chief editor of music and entertainment at NTU) and Oleh Pylypchuk (director of music and entertainment at NTU) reviewed the 58 received submissions and shortlisted thirty-one entries to compete in the national final. On 28 January 2009, the thirty-one selected competing acts were announced.
On 8 February 2009, VV and Nikole withdrew from the national final and were replaced by Ira Poison and Tabu.
Shows
Semi-final
The semi-final took place on 21 February 2009 at the NTU Studios in
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
, hosted by
Timur Miroshnychenko
Timur Valeriyovych Miroshnychenko ( Ukrainian: Тімур Валерійович Мірошниченко) (born 9 March 1986) is a Ukrainian TV presenter for the channel UA:PBC. He was the host of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 toget ...
. The show later aired on 21 February 2009. In the semi-final thirty-one acts competed and the top fifteen entries determined by an expert jury advanced to the final of the competition, while the remaining sixteen entries were eliminated. The jury panel that voted during the semi-final consisted of Vasyl Ilashchuk (President of NTU), Roman Nedzelskyi (First Vice President of NTU),
Oleksandr Ponomaryov
Oleksandr Ponomariov ( ua, Олександр Пономарьов; born August 9, 1973) is a Ukrainian singer. He has been awarded the country's "Singer of the Year" seven times.
Ponomariov was born in Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine. One of his early ...
(singer, represented Ukraine in
2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...
), Serhiy Kuzin (CEO of
Russian Radio Ukraine), Andriy Yeromin (choreographer), Volodymyr Bebeshko (composer) and
Taras Petrynenko
Taras Petrynenko ( ua, Тара́с Гарина́льдович Петрине́нко, born 10 March 1953) is a Ukrainian musician, People's Artist of Ukraine.
Background
His musical career started in 1969 after his performance on the dance flo ...
(composer and singer).
Final
The final took place on 8 March 2009 at the
National Palace of Arts, hosted by Maria Orlova and
Timur Miroshnychenko
Timur Valeriyovych Miroshnychenko ( Ukrainian: Тімур Валерійович Мірошниченко) (born 9 March 1986) is a Ukrainian TV presenter for the channel UA:PBC. He was the host of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 toget ...
. "Beauty Saves the World" performed by Nikita was withdrawn prior to the final due to contractual restrictions. The remaining fourteen entries that qualified from the semi-final competed and the winner, "Be My Valentine" performed by
Svetlana Loboda
Svitlana Serhiivna Loboda ( uk, Світлана Сергіївна Лобода; born 18 October 1982), also known by the stage name LOBODA, is a Ukrainian singer and composer. Loboda represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 and ...
, was selected through the combination of votes from a public televote and an expert jury. Ties were decided in favour of the entries that received higher scores from the jury.
The jury panel that voted during the final consisted of Vasyl Ilashchuk (President of NTU), Roman Nedzelskyi (First Vice President of NTU), Yevhen Kalensky (Vice President of NTU),
Oleksandr Ponomaryov
Oleksandr Ponomariov ( ua, Олександр Пономарьов; born August 9, 1973) is a Ukrainian singer. He has been awarded the country's "Singer of the Year" seven times.
Ponomariov was born in Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine. One of his early ...
(singer, represented Ukraine in
2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...
), Serhiy Kuzin (CEO of
Russian Radio Ukraine), Volodymyr Bebeshko (composer) and
Taras Petrynenko
Taras Petrynenko ( ua, Тара́с Гарина́льдович Петрине́нко, born 10 March 1953) is a Ukrainian musician, People's Artist of Ukraine.
Background
His musical career started in 1969 after his performance on the dance flo ...
(composer and singer). In addition to the performances of the competing entries,
Irina Rosenfeld
Irina Rosenfeld (''Mishéll'', born December 10, 1988) is a singer and songwriter in the genres of R&B, jazz and soul.
Biography
Mishéll was born Iryna Talia Rozenfeld in 1988 in Kerch, USSR. She studied at the Kyiv International Institute of ...
,
Mika Newton
Oksana Stefanivna Hrytsay ( uk, Оксана Стефанівна Грицай; born on 5 March 1986), professionally known as Mika Newton ( uk, Міка Ньютон), is a Ukrainian singer and actress from the city of Burshtyn. Born and raised ...
, Nikita,
2009 Belarusian Eurovision entrant Petr Elfimov
Petr Petrovich Elfimov ( be, Пётр Ялфімаў, ''Piotr Jalfimaŭ'', russian: Пётр Елфимов, ''Pyotr Yelfimov'') is a singer from Belarus who represented his nation at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia. He won th ...
,
2009 Lithuanian Eurovision entrant Sasha Son
Dmitry Shavrov (russian: Дмитрий Шавров, lt, Dmitrij Šavrov; born 18 September 1983), better known by his stage names Sasha Song or Sasha Son, is a Lithuanian singer and songwriter. He represented Lithuania in the Eurovision Song C ...
,
2009 Polish Eurovision entrant Lidia Kopania
Lidia Kopania-Przebindowska (born 12 May 1978, Koluszki, Poland) is the frontwoman of the musical group Kind of Blue. Kopania had previously represented Poland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2009, held in Moscow, Russia.
Biography
In 2003, Kopa ...
,
2009 British Eurovision entrant Jade Ewen
Jade Louise Ewen (born 24 January 1988) is a British singer, actress and a former member of the girl group Sugababes. She began her singing career in a girl group named Trinity Stone, which signed with Sony BMG in 2005 but disbanded in 2007 wit ...
and Ukrainian
2004 Eurovision Song Contest winner
Ruslana
Ruslana Stepanivna Lyzhychko ( uk, Руслана Степанівна Лижичко, ''Ruslana Lyzhychko''; born 24 May 1973), known mononymously as Ruslana, is a World Music Award and Eurovision Song Contest winning recording artist, holding ...
performed as guests.
Controversy
Following the semi-final of the Ukrainian national final, Anastasia Prikhodko and her manager Olena Mozgova claimed that neither the NTU nor the jury had used trustworthy methods to choose the finalists; jury member Roman Nedzelskyi previously admitted that they did not select Prikhodko for the final as a Russian version of "Za tebe znov" had already been performed during the talent show ''
Fabrika Zvyozd'', despite the competition rules not specifying that the song performed during the semi-final should also be performed in the final. Anastasia Prikhodko would later enter and win the
Russian national final with the song "
Mamo
Mamo or woowoo is a common name for two species of extinct birds. Together with the extant ʻIʻiwi they make up the genus ''Drepanis''. These nectarivorous finches were endemic to Hawaii but are now extinct.
The Hawaiian name may be relate ...
", representing Russia at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest and placing eleventh.
Preparation
"Be My Valentine" was retitled as "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)" for the Eurovision Song Contest and featured new lyrics. The official music video, directed by
Alan Badoev
Alan Kazbekovich Badoev ( uk, Алан Казбекович Бадоєв; born January 1981) is a Ukrainian movie director, music video director, screenwriter, TV producer, TV presenter and music producer of Ossetian origin. He first gained int ...
, was released on 16 March.
Promotion
Svetlana Loboda made several appearances across Europe to specifically promote "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)" as the Ukrainian Eurovision entry. On 17 April, Loboda performed during the ''UKeurovision Preview Party'', which was held at the La Scala venue in
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
,
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...
and hosted by
Nicki French Nicki is a given name, and may refer to:
Film and television
* Nicki Aycox (1975-2022), American actress best known for her roles as Syl on the series ''Dark Angel'' and Stella Vessey on the dramedy ''Ed''
* Nicki Chapman (born 1967), English tel ...
and
Paddy O'Connell
Guy Patrick O'Connell (born 11 March 1966 in Guildford, Surrey) is an English television and radio presenter, working mainly for the BBC. He presents BBC Radio 4's ''Broadcasting House'' programme each Sunday morning. He is also an occasional ...
. On 18 April, Loboda performed during the ''Eurovision Promo Concert'', which was held at the Café de Paris venue in
Amsterdam
Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...
,
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
and hosted by
Marga Bult
Marcha (born Margaretha Hendrika Maria Groeneveld on 2 July 1956), also known as Marga Bult, is a Dutch singer and television presenter, who has been a member of the groups Tulip, Babe and Dutch Divas and is also known for her participation in th ...
and
Maggie MacNeal
Maggie MacNeal (born Sjoukje Lucie van 't Spijker; 5 May 1950) is a Dutch singer. She was a member of Mouth & MacNeal, a pop duo from the Netherlands, who are best known for their million-selling recording of " How Do You Do" in 1972, which to ...
.
At Eurovision
According to Eurovision rules, all nations with the exceptions of the host country and the "
Big Four" (France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) are required to qualify from one of two semi-finals in order to compete for the final; the top nine songs from each semi-final as determined by televoting progress to the final, and a tenth was determined by back-up juries. The
European Broadcasting Union
The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; french: Union européenne de radio-télévision, links=no, UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who ar ...
(EBU) split up the competing countries into six different pots based on voting patterns from previous contests, with countries with favourable voting histories put into the same pot. On 30 January 2009, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals. Ukraine was placed into the second semi-final, to be held on 14 May 2009.
The running order for the semi-finals was decided through another draw on 16 March 2009. As one of the six wildcard countries, Ukraine chose to perform in position 17, following the entry from
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...
and before the entry from
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
.
In Ukraine, both the semi-finals and the final were broadcast on
Pershyi Natsionalnyi
Pershyi ( uk, Перший, ; meaning First) is the Ukrainian public television channel, operated by the Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine.
It is the only Ukrainian TV channel covering over 97% of Ukraine's territory. Its programs are oriente ...
with commentary by
Timur Miroshnychenko
Timur Valeriyovych Miroshnychenko ( Ukrainian: Тімур Валерійович Мірошниченко) (born 9 March 1986) is a Ukrainian TV presenter for the channel UA:PBC. He was the host of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 toget ...
. The Ukrainian spokesperson, who announced the Ukrainian votes during the final, was Marysya Horobets.
Semi-final
Svetlana Loboda took part in technical rehearsals on 6 and 10 May, followed by dress rehearsals on 13 and 14 May. The Ukrainian performance featured Loboda performing on stage in a red mini-dress designed by the singer herself together with three dancers and two backing vocalists.
The stage featured a large mechanical device resembling three cog wheels with embedded lights as well as moving round metal ladders inside, known as the "Hell Machine".
The performance began with the dancers moving from the inside onto the top of the "Hell Machine", and towards the end of the song Loboda moved to a platform with a drum set and two Ukrainian flags, during which she played the drums while being pulled across the stage by the dancers. Parts of the "Hell Machine", lips and Loboda's face appeared on the LED screens, while the performance also featured the use of smoke effects and fireworks. The stage director and choreographer for the Ukrainian performance was
Alan Badoev
Alan Kazbekovich Badoev ( uk, Алан Казбекович Бадоєв; born January 1981) is a Ukrainian movie director, music video director, screenwriter, TV producer, TV presenter and music producer of Ossetian origin. He first gained int ...
, who also directed the music video for "Be My Valentine! (Anti-Crisis Girl)". The three dancers that joined Svetlana Loboda on stage were Andriy Mazurenko, Andriy Onyshchak and Dmytro Boboshko, while the two backing vocalists were Elena Kolyadenko and Iryna Krestinina.
At the end of the show, Ukraine was announced as having finished in the top ten and subsequently qualifying for the grand final. It was later revealed that Ukraine placed sixth in the semi-final, receiving a total of 80 points.
Final
Shortly after the second semi-final, a winners' press conference was held for the ten qualifying countries. As part of this press conference, the qualifying artists took part in a draw to determine the running order for the final. This draw was done in the order the countries appeared in the semi-final running order. Ukraine was drawn to perform in position 21, following the entry from
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
and before the entry from
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
.
Svetlana Loboda once again took part in dress rehearsals on 15 and 16 May before the final, including the jury final where the professional juries cast their final votes before the live show. Svetlana Loboda performed a repeat of her semi-final performance during the final on 16 May. At the conclusion of the voting, Ukraine finished in twelfth place with 76 points.
Voting
The voting system for 2009 involved each country awarding points from 1-8, 10 and 12, with the points in the final being decided by a combination of 50% national
jury
A jury is a sworn body of people (jurors) convened to hear evidence and render an impartiality, impartial verdict (a Question of fact, finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a sentence (law), penalty o ...
and 50%
televoting
Televoting, telephone voting or phone voting is a method of decision making and opinion polling conducted by telephone. Televoting can also extend to voting by SMS text message via a mobile cell phone.
Broadcast contest televoting
Televoting ...
. Each nation's jury consisted of five music industry professionals who are citizens of the country they represent. This jury judged each entry based on: vocal capacity; the stage performance; the song's composition and originality; and the overall impression by the act. In addition, no member of a national jury was permitted to be related in any way to any of the competing acts in such a way that they cannot vote impartially and independently.
Following the release of the full split voting by the EBU after the conclusion of the competition, it was revealed that Ukraine had placed twelfth with the public televote and sixteenth with the jury vote in the final. In the public vote, Ukraine scored 70 points, while with the jury vote, Ukraine scored 68 points.
Below is a breakdown of points awarded to Ukraine and awarded by Ukraine in the second semi-final and grand final of the contest. The nation awarded its 12 points to Azerbaijan in the semi-final and to Norway in the final of the contest.
Points awarded to Ukraine
Points awarded by Ukraine
Detailed voting results
The following members comprised the Ukrainian jury:
* Roman Nedzelskyi
*
Oleksandr Ponomaryov
Oleksandr Ponomariov ( ua, Олександр Пономарьов; born August 9, 1973) is a Ukrainian singer. He has been awarded the country's "Singer of the Year" seven times.
Ponomariov was born in Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine. One of his early ...
* Elena Zagorodnyuk
*
Irina Rosenfeld
Irina Rosenfeld (''Mishéll'', born December 10, 1988) is a singer and songwriter in the genres of R&B, jazz and soul.
Biography
Mishéll was born Iryna Talia Rozenfeld in 1988 in Kerch, USSR. She studied at the Kyiv International Institute of ...
* Olexandr Zlotnik
References
{{Eurovision Song Contest 2009
2009
File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
Countries in the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Eurovision
The Eurovision Song Contest (), sometimes abbreviated to ESC and often known simply as Eurovision, is an international songwriting competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), featuring participants representing pr ...