The Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art (german: Bayerischer Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst, links=no) was first established on 28 November 1853 by King Maximilian II von Bayern. It is awarded to acknowledge and reward excellent and outstanding achievements in the field of science and art. From 1933 onwards (with the beginning of the

Nazi regime Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

) the order was no longer awarded, until 1980 when it was reinstated by the then

Minister-President A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government where they preside over the council of ministers. It ...

of the

Free State of Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

Franz Josef Strauß Franz Josef Strauss ( ; 6 September 1915 – 3 October 1988) was a German politician. He was the long-time chairman of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) from 1961 until 1988, member of the federal cabinet in different positions between ...

.Gesetz über den Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst vom 18. März 1980, Artikel 1 (German) Munich jewellers

Hemmerle Hemmerle is a Munich-based jeweller founded in 1893 by brothers Joseph and Anton Hemmerle. Background Anton and Joseph Hemmerle established Hemmerle by taking over an established goldsmiths’ company specialising in medals and orders and in 1895 ...

have been responsible for making the medal since 1905.

Preamble

In continuation of a Bavarian tradition, the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art was created. It is awarded to reward outstanding achievements in the field of science and art. (''In Fortsetzung alter bayerischer Tradition wird der Bayerische Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst geschaffen. Mit ihm sollen herausragende Leistungen auf dem Gebieten von Wissenschaft und Kunst ausgezeichnet werden.'')

Criteria

The Maximilian Order is preferably awarded to German scientists and artists. It is not restricted to citizens of

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

. The order was instituted in one class and two sections (science and art). The order is restricted to 100 living members.Gesetz über den Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst vom 18. März 1980, Artikel 2 und 3 (German)

Nomination procedure

The Minister-President, the minister of state for their respective portfolio, and the two sections of the order are eligible to nominate new members. These proposals are evaluated by an advisory committee (Ordensbeirat). It gives its recommendation to the Minister-President for the final decision.Gesetz über den Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst vom 18. März 1980, Artikel 6 (German) The advisory committee consists of: * the President of the

Landtag of Bavaria The Landtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as the Bavarian State Parliament, is the unicameral legislature of the German state of Bavaria. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich. Elections to the Landtag are held every f ...

, * the member of the government who is deputy of the Minister-President, * the State Minister of Sciences, Research and the Arts, * the President of the

Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (german: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is an independent public institution, located in Munich. It appoints scholars whose research has contributed considerably to the increase of knowledg ...

, * the President of the

Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts Bavarian is the adjective form of the German state of Bavaria, and refers to people of ancestry from Bavaria. Bavarian may also refer to: * Bavarii, a Germanic tribe * Bavarians, a nation and ethnographic group of Germans * Bavarian, Iran, a vill ...

, * the President of one of the Bavarian Art Colleges (Kunsthochschulen), * the President of one of the Bavarian Universities and * a representative of the

applied science Applied science is the use of the scientific method and knowledge obtained via conclusions from the method to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted ...

s, who is named by the Minister-President. All members of the advisory committee are selected for a period of five years. The committee decides with the majority of its members.

Members

From 1980 to 2018 the order has been awarded to 222 recipients. The number of living members of the order cannot exceed 100. As of December 2018 there are 95 living members of the order. From 1853 to 1932 the order has been issued 351 times.

References

Citation

Sources

* * ; as book: * (The law)

External links

*
www.ordenmuseum.de: Der Bayerische Verdienstorden und Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst
(German) {{DEFAULTSORT:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art Arts awards in Germany German science and technology awards Orders, decorations, and medals of Bavaria Orders, decorations, and medals of the states of Germany History of Bavaria Kingdom of Bavaria Awards established in 1853 Awards disestablished in the 1930s Awards established in 1980 1853 establishments in Bavaria 1933 disestablishments in Germany 1980 establishments in West Germany