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The siege of Turjak or Battle of Turjak ( sl, bitka za Turjak) was fought between 14 and 19 September 1943 at the
Turjak Castle Turjak Castle (; sl, grad Turjak or ''turjaški grad'', german: Burg Ursperg, later ''Burg Auersperg'') is a 13th-century castle located above the settlement of Turjak, part of the municipality of Velike Lašče in the Lower Carniola region of ...
between the
Slovene Partisans The Slovene Partisans, formally the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Slovenia, (NOV in POS) were part of Europe's most effective anti-Nazi resistance movement Jeffreys-Jones, R. (2013): ''In Spies We Trust: The Story of Western ...
and the combined forces of Slovene former units of the
Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia The Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia ( it, Milizia Volontaria Anti Comunista, MVAC; sl, prostovoljna protikomunistična milica, also or , pejorative, meaning 'white guard'; sh, script=cyrl, italic=no, Добровољачка антикомун ...
(MVAC) and Slovene Chetniks. The battle followed the Partisan victory at Battle of Grčarice. Partisans encircled the Turjak castle on 14 September and laid siege to the castle after the defenders refused to surrender. The siege ended on 19 September with a Partisan victory, in part due to the heavy weapons that they had acquired from Italian forces.


Prelude

On 3 September 1943, an armistice was signed between the Kingdom of Italy and Allied powers. The withdrawal of Italy from the war led to an immediate destabilisation of the Balkan region with Axis forces overrunning previously held Italian positions. The surrender of Italian forces put the Anti-partisan units of the MVAC and Chetniks in a predicament, without the protection and support of Italian troops, they were now in a position of being overrun by Partisan forces. Anti-partisan forces were hopeful of an Allied landing on the Istria coast; however, reinforcements never came. The situation for Anti-partisan forces became dire after the Partisans acquired a large arsenal of weaponry from surrendering Italian troops including ammunition, tanks and howitzers.


Battle

The MVAC and Chetniks were hopeful reinforcements would arrive and began to set up defensive position in the village of Grčarice, Zapotok and the Turjak castle. However, a lack of communication between the units meant that they would fight as individual units, rather than as a cohesive unit. The units stationed at the Turjak castle believed the medieval walls would withstand attacks from the Partisans. On 10 September 1943, Anti-partisan forces were overrun in the village of Grčarice. This victory allowed the Partisans to turn their attention to the Turjak castle where they completed the encirclement on 14 September 1943. After refusing an ultimatum to surrender, Partisan forces attacked the besieged MVAC and Chetnik units. After six days of fighting, the Anti-partisan units were overrun in due to the heavy weaponry available to the Partisans that destroyed the defensive fortifications of the Turjak castle.


Aftermath

The Partisans captured a reported 1,200 prisoners of war from Grčarice, Zapotok and Turjak. Although Partisan data listed 115 sentenced to death, and noted that some were killed while fleeing, estimations of victims are higher. Tomasevich claim up to 1,000 killed.


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* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Turjak Castle, Battle Of Conflicts in 1943 Slovenia in World War II Yugoslavia in World War II Slovene Partisans Battles involving the Yugoslav Partisans 1943 in Yugoslavia September 1943 events Sieges of World War II Battles of World War II involving Chetniks Battles involving Slovenia