Battle Of Tendra

The Battle of Tendra was a naval action fought on 8 and 9 September 1790 in the Black Sea as part of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). It ended in a victory for the Russians over the Ottomans.Sozaev E. Tredrea J. ''Russian Warships in the Age of Sail 1696–1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates''. Seaforth Publishing, 2010. P. 92

Battle

The Russian fleet of 10 Ships of the line, 6 frigates and small craft sailed from Sevastopol on 5 September under Fyodor Ushakov for Kherson to pick up some frigates. At 6 a.m. on 8 September it encountered the Ottoman fleet of 14 battleships, 8 frigates and 23 small crafts at anchor near Tendra. As the Ottomans formed into a battle line, the Russian fleet sailed toward the tail end of the Ottoman line in 3 parallel lines, forming into one line as they did so.

The Ottoman admiral, Hussein Pasha, seeing his tail threatened, turned north and came back parallel to the Russians, who followed suit so the two fleets ended up on paralleled tracks, heading north-east. This was completed by about 2 p.m.. Ushakov ordered 3 frigates to the off-battle side of the van to guard against an Ottoman doubling of the Russian line (Ottoman ships of the period were usually coppered and therefore several knots faster than Russian ships), leaving 13 ships of 710 guns in his line, opposed to 14 with 900 guns. Ushakov then turned toward the Ottoman ships and firing began at about 3 p.m..

The Ottomans began to bear away and by 6 p.m. were in full retreat. The Russians followed closely, inflicting much damage - in particular, the Ottoman Vice Admiral's ship was attacked by '' Ioann Bogoslov'', and the Admiral's and Rear-Admiral's ships by ''Rozhdestvo Christovo'' and ''Preobrazhenie Gospodne''. The Ottomans speed allowed them to get away though, and soon after 8 p.m. firing ceased and the Russians anchored.

The next day, 2 damaged Ottoman ships, the ''Kapitana'' (Vice Admiral's ship) and ''Melike Bahri'' were seen close by, and the Russians attacked. ''Melike Bahri'' surrendered to ''Maria Magdalina'' without resistance, but the "Kapitana" put up a stout resistance. At 10 a.m. she was attacked by ''Sv. Andrei Pervozvannyi'', which brought down her fore topsail, then by ''Sv. Georgii Pobyedonosets'', ''Preobrazhenie Gospodne'' and others. By noon she was completely surrounded, but fought on. At 2 p.m. Ushakov in ''Rozhdestvo Christovo'' shot away all her masts and placed his ship across her bows, and at 3 p.m. she surrendered. Unfortunately she was seen to be on fire, and blew up after only 20 men, including Said Bey and her captain, had been taken off. Only 101 men were saved out of 800 on board.

Some Russian ships had been chasing the rest of the Ottoman fleet but they were losing ground and at about 4:30 p.m. Ushakov recalled them. Russian privateers later brought in 3 small craft. Russian casualties were 25 killed and 25 wounded, and 733 Ottomans were captured. Several ships had minor damage in their masts and rigging. Russian victory in the Battle of Tendra allowed them to control the Black Sea. __NOTOC__

Ships involved

Russia

*''Rozhdestvo Christovo'' 84 (flag of Vice-Admiral Fyodor Ushakov)
*''Maria Magdalina'' 66
*''Preobrazhenie Gospodne'' 66
*''Sv. Pavel'' 66
*''Sv. Vladimir'' 66
*''Sv. Aleksandr Nevskii'' 50
*''Sv. Andrei Pervozvannyi'' 50
*''Sv. Georgii Pobyedonosets'' 50
*''Ioann Bogoslov'' 46
*''Sv. Petr Apostol'' 46
*''Fanagoria'' 40
*''Kinburn'' 40
*''Legkii'' 40
*''Perun'' 40
*''Stryela'' 40
*''Taganrog'' 40
*''Rozhdestvo Christovo'' (bomb)
*''Polotsk''
*2 fireships
*17 privateers

Ottoman Empire

''Bahr-i Zafer'' 72 (flag of Kapudan Pasha Giritli Hüseyin)

''Melik-i Bahri'' 72 (flag of Patrona Bey) Sank at storm on the night of 8–9 September

''Anka-i Bahri'' 72

''Fethü'l Fettah'' 66

''Nüvid-i Fütuh'' 66

''Peleng-i Bahri'' 66 Captured 9 September

''Tevfikullah'' 66

''Feyz-i Hüda'' 66 (flag of Riyale Bey)

''Mesudiye'' 58

''Mansuriye'' 58 (flag of Kapudane Said Bey) Blew up 9 September

''Inayet-i Hakk'' 58

''Burc-ı Zafer'' 52

''Şehbaz-ı Bahri'' 52

''Ukâb-ı Bahri'' 52

''Mazhar-ı Hidâyet'' 38

''Mazhar-ı Saadet'' 38

''Mebdâ-i Nusret'' 32

''Raad-ı Bahri'' 20 (bomb frigate)

''Berk-i Bahri'' 20 (bomb frigate)

''Berk-i Hafız'' 20 (bomb frigate)

''Şihab-ı Sakıb'' 20 (bomb frigate)

''Cedid Bomba'' 20 (bomb frigate)

23 small craft (kırlangıç, pergende (brigantine) and şehtiye (xebec) type ships) 3 were captured 9 September

References

Sources

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Military history of the Black Sea