Battle Of Islay

The Battle of Islay (Spanish: ''Batalla de Islay'' or ''Combate Naval de Islay'') occurred on January 12 and 13, 1838, during the War of the Confederation between Chile and the Peru–Bolivian Confederation.

Background

After the Treaty of Paucarpata had been repudiated, the Chilean government again dispatched its fleet of 5 battleships ('' Aquiles'' and ''Arequipeño'', the corvettes ''Libertad'' and ''Valparaíso'' and the '' Monteagudo'') under the command of Robert Simpson, to disrupt Peruvian commerce. On January 12, 1838, they met a Confederate squadron near the Peruvian port of Islay in what is known as the Naval Battle of Islay. The Confederate squadron was conformed by the ''Socabaya'', ''Junín'' and ''Fundador'' under the command of commander Juan José Panizo. Simpson attacked, but Panizo managed to head him off for several hours until he escaped under the cover of darkness. Both sides claimed victory, but the result was mostly a stalemate ans did not affect the course of the war.

Marshal Andres de Santa Cruz had distributed his ships, the corvette ''Socabaya'' and the brig ''Founder'' in Islay, commanded by the frigate Captain Juan José Panizo and the brig ''Junín'' in Arica, commanded by Commander Miguel Saldívar.

On January 3, 1838, Commander Miguel Saldivar learned that Chile had rejected the treaty and that his squadron was heading to Peru and so he sailed to Islay to concentrate the Confederate naval forces, anchoring in that port on January 8.

Battle

On January 12, 1838, the Chilean squadron surprised the Confederates in Islay, which largely surpassed in tonnage and fire hydrants fled to the north being persecuted by Simpson. The pursuit lasted all night and turned the Confederate ships to shoot the corvette ''Libertad'', whose greater speed had allowed it to overtake the rest of its squad to continue the flight. Meanwhile the slowest of the Confederate ships brig, ''Junín'', had lagged behind, which would continue to force the other two Confederate ships to engage in unfavorable combat or to abandon it and continue north.

Before that situation, Panizo used a clever stratagem by turning around, and the ''Socabaya'' and the ''Founder'' broke fire on the Chilean ships, which delayed them and allowed the ''Junin'' to gain distance. They then turned again towards the north. Three times, he performed the same maneuver until the ''Junín'' was out of danger, and the darkness of the night made Simpson order to stop the pursuit, and he continued to Callao, where he arrived on January 17.

Aftermath

The controversy over the outcome of the battle is very similar to what occurred during the Battle of Chipana during the War of the Pacific. Peruvian historiographyJorge Basadre. ''Historia de la República del Perú (1822-1933): La época fundacional de la República (1822-1842)'' pp. 1812 maintains that it was a Confederate victory because Commander Panizo managed to prevent his ships from being captured or sunk by a materially-superior enemy and saved even the slowest of his ships and successfully responded to enemy fire in its retreat. Chilean historiography considers the battle as a minor action of the war, and the Confederate fleet managed only to fleeing thanks to Panizo's expertise in which Simpson did not continue the fight because the Confederate ships were owners from the favorable side of the wind.

References

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Bibliography

* del Busto Duthurburu, José Antonio (1983). ''Compendio de la historia del Perú II''.
* de la Puente Brunke, José. ''Los hombres del mar: la Marina de Guerra en la historia del Perú''.
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1838 in Chile
1838 in Peru
January 1838 events