John O'Neill and the "Fenian Raid"
John O'Neill initially called for the intrusion to go as far as St.Jean andPrelude
Within the morning, the self-proclaimed Irish Republic Army was walking to the battlegrounds on May 25, 1870. Within the distance, Fenian activists, working from Vermont, collected on May 25 to organize a second intrusion of the Montreal region (a comparable Fenian endeavor beneath Samuel Stick had attacked Canadian region in 1866) when they saw the Irish coming their way. General O'Neill gave the arrange to charge at the Irish armed force. At that minute, the Irish charged at the Fenian armed force (?). 400 Irish men charged into-Canada. Within the meantime, the Canadians were able to secure the frontier of Ontario and Quebec alongside the Canadian army. Without alarming the Fenians of their whereabouts.Battle
On May 25, 1870, a force of Canadian militia and armed citizens awaited the Fenians at the summit of Eccles Hill. When the Fenians charged the Irish (?), it was a perfect time for James Pell of Dunham to crawl up to top of the hill. James Pell took out his musket and looked to aim at the first person wearing green rushing to the top of the hill. In the silence, James fired a shot and a hit Fenian John Rowe in the neck. Then the Fenians were treated to a hail storm of gunfire from the Canadian bullets after Pell's commanding first shot. Even though they had discussed many times, they squeezed off their first rounds only when the green (the Fenians wore leftover Union clothing with a green jacket) and blue figures reached Canadian soil. The Canadian sliders were fortified behind the hill, and the firing soon became a steady firefight. Many of the younger soldiers were struck with panic at the sight of their fallen comrade and their first taste of combat. This halted the advance of the Fenians, who took cover and returned fire. Lieutenant-Colonel William Osborne Smith hurried to the field with a force of Canadian militia volunteers. Together with the armed citizens, the Canadian militia charged the Fenian into defensive fighting positions. Many Fenian Soldiers disbanded and hid behind walls, some jumped into the water, and in the midst of this gun fighting, William O'Brien of Moriah was shot dead. The Canadians drove the Fenians into retreat as a hail of ammunition shot around them, leaving behind their artillery and two dead soldiers. This was significant to the Canadian battalion and this volunteer since the Canadians were outnumbered by the Fenians nearly six to 1. Nevertheless, the Canadians suffered many casualties during the engagement, but none were fatal.Aftermath
In the aftermath of the battle, when O'Neill was returning from the battle, they stopped to treat a lying injured Fenian soldier. Then a U.S. Marshall named Marshal George P. Foster who was riding by took O'Neill and declared him under arrest and charged him for violating neutrality laws. With the arrest of the commander, many Fenian soldiers started to desert their militia groups. Fenian officers were left with little choice but to abandon their position and find safe positions until they could escape under cover of the night. Once the finally Canadian counter-attack happened, and the demoralized Fenian soldiers fled instead of fighting. They were throwing away ammunition, food, water all to lighten their load to escape. Fenians were to believe this would be a glorious superior win for them over the Canadians. However, they were very incorrect. Even after all these two days later, the Fenians crossed the border into Quebec. They were headed to Trout River; this was west of the Eccles hill. The 50th Canadian Battalion, the Montreal Volunteer Artillery, and the British 69th Regiment swiftly dealt with this invasion, and the Fenians fled back across the border. Again, there were no Canadian casualties.Legacy
Eccles Hill Road, Frelighsburg, Quebec. Where Canadian Volunteers and Home Guards resisted the Fenian raiders – on 25 May 1870. The site of the granite monument was celebrated close to the battlefield and where the Canadians held their positions. However, even knowing that the true battle took place just south of the Canada–United States border. They established it in Canadian soil as to give national sense of pride. On 1 July 1902, more than three decades after the battle, under the liberal government leaderReferences
Further references
* Cline, Lawrence E. ''Rebels on the Niagara: the Fenian Invasion of Canada, 1866''. Albany: Excelsior Editions, an imprint of State University of New York Press, 2018. *Klein, Christopher. ''When the Irish Invaded Canada: the Incredible True Story of the Civil War Veterans Who Fought for... Ireland's Freedom''. S.l.: ANCHOR, 2020. *Ryan, Desmond. ''The Fenian Chief: a Biography of James Stephens''. Coral Gables, 1969. * *Steward, Patrick, and Bryan P. McGovern. ''The Fenians: Irish Rebellion in the North Atlantic World, 1858-1876''. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2013. *Vronsky, Peter. ''Ridgeway: the American Fenian Invasion and the 1866 Battle That Made Canada''. Toronto, Ontario: Penguin, an imprint of Penguin Canada, 2012.External links
* Klein, Christopher. “The Battle of Eccles Hill.” The Battle of Eccles Hill, May 24, 2019.