The First Battle of Dybbøl was the first of three battles of the
First War of Schleswig
The First Schleswig War (german: Schleswig-Holsteinischer Krieg) was a military conflict in southern Denmark and northern Germany rooted in the Schleswig-Holstein Question, contesting the issue of who should control the Duchies of Schleswig, ...
to be fought at the town of
Dybbøl
Dybbøl is a small town with a population of 2,339 (1 January 2022)Bjerg/Frantzen (2005), page 285
Background
To remove the threat to his right flank after the battle at Nybøl, General Wrangel decided to try a new attack on the Danish forces at
Sundeved
Sundeved is a peninsula on the east coast of the Jutland peninsula in south Denmark. It lies between Åbenrå Fjord and Als Fjord to the north, Alssund to the east and Flensborg Fjord to the south. The westernmost part of the city of Sønderborg is ...
. Three German brigades (with a total of 11,500 men) were gathered at the village of Kvaers and prepared for an immediate departure. The Danes scaffolding stretched from Nybøl, the south of Korsmose mill and Snokebaek to Alssundet in the north. The lines of defense were kept by the Danish flank division and parts of the 4th Brigade while the 3rd Division was kept in reserve at
Dybbøl
Dybbøl is a small town with a population of 2,339 (1 January 2022)Als
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a neurodegenerative disease that results in the progressive loss of motor neurons that control voluntary muscles. ALS is the most com ...
.
Battle
The Prussian attack began in the morning against the Danish left wing. Soon the Danes had to give up Nybøl, and were later thrown out of Stenderup and Bøffelkobbel. The Danish left wing had to withdraw all the way back to Dybbøl to take a new position there. During this attack the Prussian line brigade had gathered so far back, that General Wrangel had to order the otherwise victorious attack to be stopped to give the line brigade time to reach the battle line.
The break of the attack meant that there was time to put the Danish reserves from Als into the battle, and thereby strengthen the Dybbøl position. In the meantime, there had been fierce fighting during the Danish withdrawal. The Dybbøl position was now strengthened enough, that the Prussian attack collapsed. Around 18:30, General Wrangel ordered a retreat - and just at that time a Danish counterattack was launched. The Danish units charged forward and drove the Prussians back to Nybøl. A Prussian eyewitness wrote about the attack: "Like a blood-red cloud, threatening with destruction, the Danish forces tumbled down over the bank". However, the Danes did not follow up the victory, as it was expected that the Prussians would attack again the next day with their unused reserves - this would mean a clear German superiority.
Consequences
Shortly after the battle, a ceasefire was concluded in
Malmö
Malmö (, ; da, Malmø ) is the largest city in the Swedish county (län) of Scania (Skåne). It is the third-largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the sixth-largest city in the Nordic region, with a municipal populat ...
after Swedish mediation. The advance of the Danish army was interrupted, which gave the Germans the opportunity to retreat in good order.