''Bathytoma'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of deep-water

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

s, marine

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Borsoniidae Borsoniidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet, P. (2011). Borsoniidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...

Fossil records

This genus is known in the fossil records from the

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...

to the

Quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ...

(age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ago). Fossils are found in the marine strata throughout the world. Fossilworks
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Distribution

This marine species occurs in the Eastern Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa); off Indonesia, New Caledonia, Panglao Island, Sulu Sea, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Bohol, Kerala, New Zealand, Philippines, Sea of Japan; off Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia). They are all known from deep waters from 100 m to about 1500 m, but usually at 200–700 m.

Description

The lines of specific distinction appear to be drawn narrowly in this genus and to depend chiefly upon sculpture. The novelty appears intimately related to ''

Bathytoma engonia ''Bathytoma engonia'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae. Description The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 35 mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell is biconical, with a ...

'' (Watson, 1881) differing by the sharper keel, more elevated tubercles and generally coarser sculpture. The biconical or fusiform shell is medium-sized to rather large. Its periphery is smooth or nodose, angulate or keeled. The peripheral anal sinus is deep. The columella is somewhat swollen, sometimes showing a pleat. The paucispiral

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

consists of 1 to 3 conical or globose

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

s, smooth or with faint spiral striae. The operculum has a broadly oblanceolate to ovate shape, with an eccentric to terminal nucleus. The ground color of the shell is white to yellowish-brown. Their protoconch morphology seems to infer a non-planktotrophic larval development.Nicolas Puillandre, Alexander V. Sysoev, Baldomero M. Olivera, Arnaud Coulouxd & Philippe Bouchet, ''Loss of planktotrophy and speciation: geographical fragmentation in the deep-water gastropod genus Bathytoma (Gastropoda, Conoidea) in the western Pacific''; Systematics and Biodiversity Volume 8, Issue 3, 2010 DOI:10.1080/14772001003748709
/ref>

Species

Species within the genus ''Bathytoma'' include: * '' Bathytoma agnata'' Hedley & Petterd, 1906 * '' Bathytoma arbucklei'' Kilburn, 1986 * '' Bathytoma atractoides'' (Watson, 1881) * '' Bathytoma badifasciata'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * † '' Bathytoma bartrumi'' Laws, 1939 * '' Bathytoma belaeformis'' (Sowerby III, 1903) * '' Bathytoma bitorquata'' (Martens, 1901) * '' Bathytoma boholica'' Parth, 1994 * '' Bathytoma carnicolor'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * † '' Bathytoma cataphracta'' Brocchi 1814 * '' Bathytoma consors'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * † '' Bathytoma coweorum'' Beu, 1970 * '' Bathytoma cranaos'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * † '' Bathytoma discors'' Powell, 1942 * ''

'' (Watson, 1881) *'' Bathytoma episoma'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * † '' Bathytoma filaris'' (Marwick, 1931) * † '' Bathytoma finlayi'' Laws, 1939 * '' Bathytoma fissa'' (Martens, 1901) * '' Bathytoma formosensis'' Vera-Pelaez, 2004 * † '' Bathytoma fortinodosa'' (Marwick, 1931) * '' Bathytoma gabrielae'' Bozzetti, 2006 * '' Bathytoma gordonlarki'' Tucker & Olivera, 2011 * † '' Bathytoma haasti'' Hutton 1877 * † '' Bathytoma hawera'' (Laws, 1940) * '' Bathytoma hecatorgnia'' (Verco, 1907) * '' Bathytoma hedlandensis'' Tippett & Kosuge, 1994 * '' Bathytoma helenae'' Kilburn, 1974 * † '' Bathytoma hokianga'' Laws, 1947 * '' Bathytoma lacertosus'' (Hedley, 1922) * '' Bathytoma luehdorfi'' (Lischke, 1872) * † '' Bathytoma media'' (Marwick, 1931) * † '' Bathytoma mitchelsoni'' Powell, 1935 * '' Bathytoma mitrella'' (Dall, 1881) * '' Bathytoma murdochi'' Finlay, 1930 * '' Bathytoma neocaledonica'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * '' Bathytoma netrion'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * † '' Bathytoma ngatapa'' (Marwick, 1931) * † '' Bathytoma nonplicata'' * '' Bathytoma oldhami'' (Smith E. A., 1899) * † '' Bathytoma pacifica'' Squires 2001 * † '' Bathytoma paracantha'' (J.E. Tenison-Woods, 1877) * '' Bathytoma paratractoides'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * '' Bathytoma parengonia'' (Dell, 1956) * † '' Bathytoma paucispiralis'' (Powell, 1942) * † '' Bathytoma pergracilis'' (Marwick, 1931) * † '' Bathytoma praecisa'' (Marwick, 1931) * † '' Bathytoma prior'' (Vella, 1954) * † '' Bathytoma proavita'' (Powell, 1942) * '' Bathytoma prodicia'' Kilburn, 1986 * '' Bathytoma profundis'' (Laseron, 1954) * '' Bathytoma punicea'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * '' Bathytoma regnans'' Melvill, 1918 * '' Bathytoma solomonensis'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * '' Bathytoma somalica'' Ardovini, 2015 * '' Bathytoma stenos'' Puillandre, Sysoev, Olivera, Couloux & Bouchet, 2010 * † '' Bathytoma tenuineta'' (Marwick, 1931) * '' Bathytoma tippetti'' Vera-Peláez, 2004 * '' Bathytoma tuckeri'' Vera-Peláez, 2004 * '' Bathytoma viabrunnea'' (Dall, 1889) * '' Bathytoma virgo'' (Okutani, 1966) * '' Bathytoma visagei'' Kilburn, 1973 * † '' Bathytoma wairarapaensis'' Vella, 1954 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Bathytoma biconica'' Hedley, 1903: synonym of ''

Benthofascis biconica ''Benthofascis biconica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conorbidae.WoRMS (2015). Benthofascis biconica (Hedley, 1903). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://ww ...

'' (Hedley, 1903) * ''Bathytoma colorata'' Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001: synonym of ''

Gemmuloborsonia colorata ''Gemmuloborsonia colorata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae. Description The length of the shell attains 45.5 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs at depths between 490 m and 550 m off ...

'' (Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001) * † ''Bathytoma condonana'' F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914: synonym of ''

Megasurcula condonana ''Megasurcula condonana'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. Description The length of the shell attains 32 mm, its diameter 18.3 mm. The shell sh ...

'' (F.M. Anderson & B. Martin, 1914) * † ''Bathytoma excavata'' Suter, 1917: synonym of † '' Austrotoma excavata'' (Suter, 1917) * ''Bathytoma sulcata excavata'' Suter, 1917 synonym of † '' Austrotoma excavata'' (Suter, 1917) * ''Bathytoma gratiosa'' Suter, 1908: synonym of ''Fenestrosyrinx gratiosa'' (Suter, 1908), synonym of '' Taranis gratiosa'' (Suter, 1908) * ''Bathytoma sarcinula'' Hedley, 1905: synonym of ''

Benthofascis sarcinula ''Benthofascis sarcinula'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conorbidae.WoRMS (2015). Benthofascis sarcinula (Hedley, 1905). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:// ...

'' (Hedley, 1905) * ''Bathytoma tremperiana'' (Dall, 1911): synonym of ''

Megasurcula tremperiana ''Megasurcula tremperiana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. Taxonomy There is some confusion about the accepted name for this species. The website Gastropods.com c ...

'' (Dall, 1911) * ''Bathytoma tremperiana'' Dall, 1911: synonym of ''

Megasurcula carpenteriana ''Megasurcula carpenteriana'' (Gabb, 1865), also known as Carpenter's turrid, is a species of medium-sized predatory sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusc in the family (biology), family Pseudomelatomidae, a family previously lu ...

'' (Gabb, 1865) * Subgenus ''Bathytoma (Parabathytoma)'' Shuto, 1961 represented as ''Bathytoma'' Harris & Burrows, 1891 * ''Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) helenae'' Kilburn, 1974 represented as ''Bathytoma helenae'' Kilburn, 1974 * ''Bathytoma (Parabathytoma) visagei'' Kilburn, 1973 represented as ''Bathytoma visagei'' Kilburn, 1973 Borsoniidae - Bathytoma cataphracta-001

References

* Harris G. F. & Burrows H. W. (1891). ''The Eocene and Oligocene beds of the Paris basin''. Geologists' Association, London 129 pp.: page(s): 113 * Wilson, B. 1994. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods.'' Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3721858 Extant Thanetian first appearances