Bartolomeo Cavarozzi (1587–1625),
[Francucci, Massimo (2012). "Biographies of Artists", 356 p. In Rossella Vodret (ed.) Caravaggio's Rome: 1600-1630. Vol-II. Skira Editore S.p.A., Milan. 854 pp. ] occasionally referred to as Bartolomeo Crescenzi, was an
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
caravaggisti
The Caravaggisti (or the "Caravagesques") were stylistic followers of the late 16th-century Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio. His influence on the new Baroque style that eventually emerged from Mannerism was profound. Caravaggio never establish ...
painter of the
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
period. Cavarozzi's work begin receiving increased admiration and appreciation from art historians in the last few decades of the 20th century, emerging as one of the more distinct and original followers of
Caravaggio
Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio, known as simply Caravaggio (, , ; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610), was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of hi ...
.
[Christiansen, Keith (2019)]
Grape Vines and Fruit, with Three Wagtailsca. 1615–18.
ee menu - Catalogue Entry Accessed 4 December 2019[J. Paul Getty Museum]
Bartolomeo Cavarozzi
Accessed 4 December 2019 He received training from
Giovanni Battista Crescenzi
Giovanni Battista Crescenzi (1577–1635) was an Italian painter and architect of the early- Baroque period, active in Rome and Spain, where he helped decorate the pantheon of the Spanish kings at El Escorial.
He rose to prominence as an artist d ...
in
Rome
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, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
and later traveled to
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
alongside his master for a few years where he achieved some renown and was significant in spreading "Caravaggism" to Spain before returning to Italy. His surviving works are predominantly Biblical subjects and still-life paintings, although older references note he "was esteemed a good painter especially of portraits".
[Stirling-Maxwell, William (1891)]
Annals of the Artists of Spain (Volume II).
John C. Nimmo, London. 1670 pp. (see p. 656). 4 December 2019[Pignatti, Terisio (1985). Five Centuries of Italian Painting 1300-1800: from the collection of The Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation. Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation, Houston. 231 pp. ]
Biography
Bartolomeo Cavarozzi was born 15 February 1587
in
Viterbo
Viterbo (; Viterbese: ; lat-med, Viterbium) is a city and ''comune'' in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.
It conquered and absorbed the neighboring town of Ferento (see Ferentium) in its early history. ...
, the capital of the Viterbo province in the
Lazio
it, Laziale
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, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
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, demographics1_info1 =
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region of central Italy. It is believed that he arrived in Rome as a child and received some of his earliest training from Tarquinio Ligustri. One source attributes his training to
Guercino
Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (February 8, 1591 – December 22, 1666),Miller, 1964 better known as Guercino, or il Guercino , was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vig ...
(Gian Francesco Barbieri called Guercino da Cento) however that was likely in error as Cavarozzi was four years older than Guercino.
[Coretini, Gaetano (1774)]
Brevi Notizie Della Citta Di Viterbo, E Degli Uomini Illustri Dalla Medesima Prodotti
Paolo Giunchi, Stamperia di San Michele a Ripa Grande, Rome. 160 pp. (page 130) The earliest of his known works, ''Santa Ursula and his companions with Pope Ciríaco and Santa Catalina de Alejandría'' (1608) was painted for the church of the Confraternity of
Sante Orsola e Caterina (now in
Basilica of St. Mark the Evangelist, Rome) and shows the influence of
Cristofano Roncalli (one of three painters sometimes referred to as Il Pomarancio).
[Museo del Prado, Enciclopedia - Voz]
Cavarozzi, Bartolomeo
Accessed 4 December 2019
![Cavarozzi San Jerónimo y dos ángeles 1617](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Cavarozzi_San_Jer%C3%B3nimo_y_dos_%C3%A1ngeles_1617._%C3%93leo_sobre_lienzo._116_x_173_cm._Galer%C3%ADa_Palatina._Palazzo_Pitti.jpg)
At some point before 1617, Bartolomeo Cavarozzi was taken in and living in the palace of a Roman nobleman
Giovanni Battista Crescenzi
Giovanni Battista Crescenzi (1577–1635) was an Italian painter and architect of the early- Baroque period, active in Rome and Spain, where he helped decorate the pantheon of the Spanish kings at El Escorial.
He rose to prominence as an artist d ...
. Crescenzi was a painter and architect who had established an academy in Rome for young painters in the vicinity of the
Pantheon
Pantheon may refer to:
* Pantheon (religion), a set of gods belonging to a particular religion or tradition, and a temple or sacred building
Arts and entertainment Comics
*Pantheon (Marvel Comics), a fictional organization
* ''Pantheon'' (Lone S ...
, where he taught drawing and art. Much of the training there was focused on drawing directly from life curious and beautiful objects provided by Crescenzi such as fruits, vegetables, animals, and such found around Rome. An example of Cavarozzi's still-life painting is ''Grape Vines and Fruit, with Three Wagtailsca'' (ca. 1615–18) in the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
, New York. His still-life paintings have been said to be "important for the history of still-life painting in both Italy and Spain". Among Cavarozzi's finest work is a painting of ''Saint Jerome with Two Angels'', which was purchased in 1617 by the Medici in Florence. The training Cavarozzi received at Crescenzi's academy can be seen in the still life with skull, rosary, books, and crucifix on the worm-eaten table. Also evident is Caravaggio's style in the remarkable handling of light in the Saint Jerome painting.
One author suggested Cavarozzi was the painter known as the
Master of the Acquavella Still Life, one of the finest still-life painters of early seventeenth-century Rome, but, this attribution is not universally accepted.
[Papi, Gianni (2015). Bartolomeo Cavarozzi 1587-1625. Edizioni dei Soncino, Soncino. 325 pp. (Italian text) ]
![Cavarozzi Sagrada Familia y Santa Catalina Lienzo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Cavarozzi_Sagrada_Familia_y_Santa_Catalina_Lienzo._256_x_170_cm._Museo_del_Prado.jpg)
In 1617
Giovanni Battista Crescenzi
Giovanni Battista Crescenzi (1577–1635) was an Italian painter and architect of the early- Baroque period, active in Rome and Spain, where he helped decorate the pantheon of the Spanish kings at El Escorial.
He rose to prominence as an artist d ...
traveled to Spain to work in the Pantheon of the
Escorial
El Escorial, or the Royal Site of San Lorenzo de El Escorial ( es, Monasterio y Sitio de El Escorial en Madrid), or Monasterio del Escorial (), is a historical residence of the King of Spain located in the town of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, up ...
and in this period he was significant in defining artistic taste in the Madrid court.
Crescenzi brought Cavarozzi with him to Spain where they worked for approximately two years. The paintings Cavarozzi produced in Spain show Caravaggio's use of naturalistic figures in raking light and darkness however, he developed a distinguishing style of his own, which among other things was less inclined toward drama and leaning more to tender and reserved figures. ''The Holy Family with Saint Catherine of Alexandria'' (1618) in the
Prado Museum
The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It is widely considered to house one of the world's finest collections of European art, dating from the ...
, Madrid dates from Cavarozzi's time in Spain.
Some have observed the influence of Cavarozzi in the early works of the Spanish painter
Jusepe de Ribera
Jusepe de Ribera (1591 – 1652) was a painter and printmaker, who along with Francisco de Zurbarán, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, and the singular Diego Velázquez, are regarded as the major artists of Spanish Baroque painting. Referring to ...
, who conversely would have seen Cavarozzi's work in Italy, just before or about the time Cavarozzi left for Spain. Included among these are some of Ribera's paintings of Saints and particularly in ''The Calvary'' (''Crucifixion'')
ee external links belowin the Patronato de Arte Osuna, Seville: "A striking similarity can be found in the figure of Mary Magdalen - especially in the treatment of her luxurious green and yellow clothing - to the style of the Roman artist Bartolomeo Cavarozzi (ca. 1590-1625) in the years immediately prior to his trip to Spain (1617-18)".
[Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso E., and Nicola Spinosa (1992). Jusepe de Ribera 1591-1652. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York. 290 pp. (see 21 p., 69 p., 74 p.) .]
Cavarozzi returned to Rome in 1619.
He was active in Rome and in his home town of
Viterbo
Viterbo (; Viterbese: ; lat-med, Viterbium) is a city and ''comune'' in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.
It conquered and absorbed the neighboring town of Ferento (see Ferentium) in its early history. ...
where he produced a painting of Saint Isidore for the Chiesa Collegiata di Sant'Angelo in Spata, and in 1622 his painting of the Visitation was installed in Viterbo which now hangs in the Town Hall chapel. He is known to have coped his own work, and in the case of one painting of the Holy Family "almost ad nauseam".
He died in Rome on 21 September 1625 at the relatively young age of thirty-eight.
Other works include a San Silvestro for the Church of the Confraternity of Jesus; a St Phillip Apostle for the Church of San Pietro del Castagno; a St Benedict for the lateral door of the Church of Monasterio della Duchessa; a Presentation at the Temple for the Church of the College of Doctors, and also painted a canvas for the Chapel of the Calabresi family in the church of Sant'Ignazio. A contemporary from Viterbo,
Filippo Caparozzi
Filippo is an Italian male given name, which is the equivalent of the English name Philip, from the Greek ''Philippos'', meaning "amante dei cavalli".''Behind the Name''"Given Name Philip" Retrieved on 23 January 2016. The female variant is Filip ...
, was a disciple of
Giuseppe d'Arpino
Giuseppe Cesari (14 February 1568 – 3 July 1640) was an Italian Mannerist painter, also named Il Giuseppino and called ''Cavaliere d'Arpino'', because he was created ''Cavaliere di Cristo'' by his patron Pope Clement VIII. He was much patronize ...
.
Gallery
File:Bartolomeo Cavarozzi - St Ursula and Her Companions with Pope Ciriacus and St Catherine of Alexandria - WGA04608.jpg, Earliest known work: ''St. Ursula and Her Companions with Pope Ciriacus and St Catherine of Alexandria'' (1608) oil on canvas (110.2 x 86.6 in.) Basilica of St. Mark the Evangelist, Rome
File:Cavarozzi Holy Family.jpg, ''Holy Family'' (ca. 1617 - 1625) oil on canvas (56.4 x 47.6 in.) Hermitage Museum
The State Hermitage Museum ( rus, Государственный Эрмитаж, r=Gosudarstvennyj Ermitaž, p=ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ɪrmʲɪˈtaʂ, links=no) is a museum of art and culture in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the list of ...
, Saint Petersburg
File:Bartolomeo Cavarozzi - Virgin and Child with Angels - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Virgin and Child with Angels'' (ca. 1620), oil on canvas ( 61 × 49 in), Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. With the recent completion of an eight-year campus redevelopment project, including the opening of the Nancy and Rich Kinder Build ...
File:The Sorrows of Aminta, by Bartolomeo Cavarozzi.jpg, ''Aminta's Lament'' (ca. 1625), oil on canvas (39 x 47 in.) Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
, Paris
File:Grape Vines and Fruit, with Three Wagtails MET LC-2016 306.jpg, ''Grape Vines and Fruit, with Three Wagtailsca'' (ca. 1615) oil on canvas (40 × 61 3/4 in. /101.6 × 156.8 cm) Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
, New York
File:Caravaggio-Baptist-Toledo.jpg, ''Saint John the Baptist'', oil on canvas, Sacristy of the Cathedral of Toledo. This painting is sometimes attributed to Caravaggio.
File:Sacrifice of Isaac-Caravaggio (c. 1603).jpg, ''Sacrifice of Isaac'', oil on canvas (45.6 x 68.1 / 116 x 173 cm). This painting is sometimes attributed to Caravaggio.
File:Desposorios místicos de santa Catalina (Cavarozzi).jpg, ''Mystical Betrothal of Saint Catherine'', oil on canvas (189 x 150 cm). The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando (RABASF; ), located on the Calle de Alcalá in the heart of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery. A public law corporation, it is integrated together with other Spanish royal acad ...
, Madrid.
Works
* ''St Ursula and Her Companions with Pope Ciriacus and St Catherine of Alexandria'' (1608,
San Marco, Rome
San Marco is a minor basilica in Rome dedicated to St. Mark the Evangelist located in the small Piazza di San Marco adjoining Piazza Venezia. It was first built in 336 by Pope Mark, whose remains are in an urn located below the main altar. The ...
), size: 256 x 17 cm.
* ''Guardian Angel (''Ángel guardián'') (
Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Buenos Aires
The Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes ("National Museum of Fine Arts") is an Argentine art museum in Buenos Aires, located in the Recoleta section of the city. The Museum inaugurated a branch in Neuquén in 2004. The museum hosts works by Goya, Remb ...
)
* ''Aminta's Lament'' (1614–15, private collection)
* ''Saint Jerome and the Angels'' (1617, Palatine Gallery inside
Palazzo Pitti
The Palazzo Pitti (), in English sometimes called the Pitti Palace, is a vast, mainly Renaissance, palace in Florence, Italy. It is situated on the south side of the River Arno, a short distance from the Ponte Vecchio. The core of the present ...
, Florence), size: 116 x 173 cm.
* ''Holy Family'' (
Accademia Albertina
The Accademia Albertina di Belle Arti ("Albertina Academy of Fine Arts") is an institution of higher education in Turin, Italy
History
In the first half of the seventeenth century, there was a "University of Painters, Sculptors and Architects" ...
, Turin)
* ''Virgin and Child'' (Museum of the
Duomo di Viterbo)
* ''Holy Family with Saint Catherine'' (c. 1618,
Museo del Prado
The Prado Museum ( ; ), officially known as Museo Nacional del Prado, is the main Spanish national art museum, located in central Madrid. It is widely considered to house one of the world's finest collections of European art, dating from the ...
, Madrid), size: 256 x 170 cm.
* ''Virgin and Child with Angels'' (ca. 1620), oil on canvas ( 61 × 49 in),
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. With the recent completion of an eight-year campus redevelopment project, including the opening of the Nancy and Rich Kinder Build ...
* ''Virgen con el niño'' (c. 1618,
Colegio de Doncellas Nobles, Toledo)
* ''The Supper at Emmaus'' (c. 1615–25), attributed
* ''Young Violinist'' (Louvre, Paris)
* ''Young Violinist'' (Parelari Collection, Bergamo)
* ''Visitation'' (1622,
Palazzo Comunale, Viterbo)
* ''Saint Cecilia''
* ''Saint Jerome'' (Palazzo Margherita, Rome), attributed
References
Bibliography
*
*Pérez Sánchez, Alfonso E. ''Borgianni, Cavarozzi y Nardi en España, Madrid'', Instituto Diego Velázquez, CSIC, 1964, p. 22
*Daniele Sanguineti ''Bartolomeo Cavarozzi: sacre famiglie a confronto'', Ed. Skira (2005)
*Marieke von Bernstorff. Kunstbetrieb und Malerei im frühen 17. Jahrhundert. ''Der Fall Giovan Battista Crescenzi und Bartolomeo Cavarozzi.'' (Roman studies at the Hertziana Library, Volume 28), Munich, 2010
*Papi, Gianni (2015) ''Bartolomeo Cavarozzi 1587-1625''. Edizioni dei Soncino, Soncino. 325 pp. (Italian text) . This is the first and only monograph on Cavarozzi as of 2019.
External links
''A Caravaggio Rediscovered, The Lute Player'' an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Cavarozzi (see cat. no. 12)
Bartolomeo Cavarozzi at the Museo del Prado online encyclopedia
* Wikimedia Commons: Jusepe de Ribera
The Calvary (Crucifixion)(1618) oil on canvas (336 x 230 cm) Collegiate Church of Osuna (Accessed 30 December 2019)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cavarozzi, Bartolomeo
1590s births
1625 deaths
People from the Province of Viterbo
17th-century Spanish painters
Spanish male painters
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian Baroque painters
Caravaggisti