Pidato Pertama Ir Soekarno Mengenai Pancasila pada 1 Juni 1945

The ''Suishintai'' ( ja, 推進体, Suishintai, Pioneer Corps, id, Barisan Pelopor) was the

paramilitary A paramilitary is an organization whose structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but is not part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. Paramilitary units carr ...

youth wing of the '' Jawa Hōkōkai'' (ジャワ奉公会, "

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

nese Service Society") which was formed in August 1944 by its leader

Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of ...

, alongside

Soediro Raden Soediro (24 April 1911 – 18 April 1992) was an Indonesian politician who served as the first Governor of Jakarta, between 1958 and 1960. Prior to becoming Governor, Soediro served as Jakarta's mayor for five years until the city was made i ...

, Moewardi,

Soeroso Raden Panji Soeroso ( EYD: Suroso) (born in Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java, Dutch East Indies, 3 November 1893 - died in Indonesia, 16 May 1981 at the age of 87 years) was a politician, Sarekat Islam activist, and a National Hero of Indonesia. He s ...

Oto Iskandar di Nata Oto Iskandar di Nata (Sundanese: , also spelled Otto Iskandardinata, called Otista and nicknamed Si Jalak Harupat; born 31 March 1897 – disappeared 19 December 1945, retrospectively declared dead 20 December 1945) was an Indonesian politician a ...

, and Boentaran Martoatmodjo. Members of the ''Suishintai'' did not wear a special uniform like military units, instead wearing a badge of a bull's head in a circle that was attached to the left side of the chest. At the end of 1945, this so-called '' lascar'' had approximately 60,000 youth members, a number that could only be matched and beaten by the socialist ''

Pesindo People's Youth (Indonesian: ''Pemuda Rakyat'') was the youth wing of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). The organisation was formed as the Socialist Youth of Indonesia (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia'' or ''Pesindo''). Initially the organisation ...

'', the '' Barisan Hizbullah'' of the Masyumi Party, and the '' Lasjkar Rakjat'' of the

Murba Party Murba Party ( id, Partai Murba, Partai Musyawarah Rakyat Banyak, Proletarian Party) was a 'national communist' political party in Indonesia.Feith, Herbert. The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952–1953: A Turning Point in Post-Revolutionary Indonesia'. Ithaca, ...

. Following the

Proclamation of Indonesian Independence The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence ( id, Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of th ...

, the ''Suishintai'' was renamed to ''Barisan Banteng'' ("Bulls Front"). The corps was mobilized to hear speeches from nationalist leaders. In addition, they were trained in the mobilization of large crowds, strengthening of military defenses, and in carrying out activities for the well-being of the people.

Formation

In mid-1944, a session of the

Central Advisory Council The , lead=yes was the name given to bodies established by the Japanese military administration in Java and Sumatra in 1943 during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies to notionally provide Indonesians with popular representation. Bac ...

( ja, 中央参議院, Chūō Sangiin, id, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat) took place. One of the decisions taken was to formulate a way to foster Indonesian nationalism and strengthen society to prevent direct or indirect attacks from the enemy. On this basis, the

Empire of Japan The also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent fo ...

ordered the formation of the ''Suishintai''. Because at that time

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

was officially still the

Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which ...

under Japanese occupation, this new organization supported the Japanese war effort against the

Allies An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are called ...

under the pretext of defending Indonesian society. The corps thrived in urban areas. Its main activity was the military training of its members with simple tools, such as wooden rifles ('' mokujū'') and bamboo spears. Membership of the ''Suishintai'' was heterogeneous and consisted of various youth groups; the educated, the under-educated, and those without any education. From this system, it was hoped that solidarity furthered the unity and integrity of the corps.

References

{{Reflist Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan Indonesian National Revolution Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies Military units and formations of Imperial Japan

Formation

See also

References