al-Baranis (
Arabic: البرانس, ''Al-Barānis''), spelled sometimes as Barnès or Branes, are one of the two major groups to which
Berbers
, image = File:Berber_flag.svg
, caption = The Berber ethnic flag
, population = 36 million
, region1 = Morocco
, pop1 = 14 million to 18 million
, region2 = Algeria
, pop2 ...
were divided by medieval genealogists, the other being called al-Butr. Despite being mentioned by medieval Arabic chroniclers, awareness about this ancestral identity has gradually vanished over the ages and is not very well known or shared among contemporary Berbers. The Barānis are, according to
Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun (; ar, أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي, ; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732-808 AH) was an Arab
The Historical Muhammad', Irving M. Zeitlin, (Polity Press, 2007), p. 21; "It is, of ...
, further divided into following main groups: Awraba, ʿAd̲j̲īsa, Azdād̲j̲a,
Maṣmūda-
G̲h̲umāra.
Belonging of another three groups, such as
Kutāma-Zawāwa,
Ṣanhāja,
Hawwāra is controversial.
The name Barānis is a plural form of their eponymous forefather, Burnus, who is described as son of Māzīgh b. Can‘ān, a legendary Berber ancestor. The place of origin of the Baranis is unknown, the first area, where the groups of Baranis are historically located, is the massif of
Awrās in today’s Eastern
Algeria, from where they started to migrate across North Africa at the time of
Arab conquest in the 7th century.
Ibn Khaldun considered the Baranis as sedentary people and the ancestors of sedentary Berbers, while the other group, the Butr, were considered the ancestors of nomadic Berbers.
History of Baranis' sub-groups
The Awraba migrated from Awrās to northern parts of today’s
Morocco, where they supported the foundation of Idrisid rule. The Ghumara settled in the
Rif mountains, where they live to these days. The Azdadja have settled north of
Tlemcen in today’s western Algeria and their chiefs controlled the area around the port of Wahran/
Oran
Oran ( ar, وَهران, Wahrān) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria. It is considered the second most important city of Algeria after the capital Algiers, due to its population and commercial, industrial, and cultural ...
before the city was founded in the early 10th century.
The
Ṣanhāja were a large group, the sedentary part of them is later known to live in the area of today's north-eastern Algeria. From among them came the
Zirid dynasty, which ruled as governors of
Ifrikiya for
Fatimid caliphs
This is a list of an Arab dynasty, the Shi'ite caliphs of the Fatimid dynasty (909–1171). The Shi'ite caliphs were also regarded at the same time as the imams of the Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam.
Family tree of Fatimid caliphs
...
, after the Fatimids moved their capital to Egypt. Another well-known dynasty of this branch of the Sanhaja were the Hammadids, who established their power as Zirid emirs, first in 987 in Ashir, and from 1007/1008 around
Qalaat Beni Hammad
Qal'at Bani Hammad ( ar, قلعة بني حماد), also known as Qal'a Bani Hammad or Qal'at of the Beni Hammad (among other variants), is a fortified palatine city in Algeria. Now in ruins, in the 11th century, it served as the first capital o ...
.
The Kutāma also lived in north-eastern Algeria and were the principal pillar of Fatimid military power, especially in the beginnings of their caliphate.
During medieval period the awareness or claims of Baranis ancestry diminished and were . In 1595-6, the Baranis are mentioned to revolt against the
Saadi Sultan of Morocco
Ahmad al-Mansūr, but were mercilessly crushed
Religiously, some of the Baranis were said to be Christian
during the Arab conquest of North Africa, but by the 10th century they converted to Islam.
References
{{reflist
Berber peoples and tribes
Origin myths