The bar-winged flycatcher-shrike (''Hemipus picatus'') is a small passerine bird usually placed in the Vangidae. It is found in the forests of tropical southern Asia from the Himalayas and hills of southern India to Indonesia. Mainly insectivorous it is found hunting in the mid-canopy of forests, often joining

mixed-species foraging flock A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging. These ar ...

s. They perch upright and have a distinctive pattern of black and white, males being more shiny black than the females. In some populations the colour of the back is brownish while others have a dark wash on the underside.

Description

The bar-winged flycatcher-shrike is black capped with black wings that contrast with the white of the body. A white slash across the wing and a white rump stand out in contrast. They sit upright on branches, flying around to

glean Gleaning is the act of collecting leftover crops from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested or on fields where it is not economically profitable to harvest. It is a practice described in the Hebrew Bible that became a legall ...

insects. The nostril is hidden by hairs and the upper mandible of the beak has a curved tip. Males are velvety black while females tend to be greyish brown but the pattern varies across the geographic populations. Both males and females of the Himalayan ''H. p. capitalis'' have a brown back but the males have a black head. The Sri Lankan population ''leggei'' lacks sexual dimorphism in plumage. ''H. p. intermedius'' has only the females with a brownish back. The tail is black but the outer tail feathers are white while the non-central tail feathers are tipped with white. The call is a rapid and high ' or a ' and sometimes a sharp ''chip''. Male-female pairs of the subspecies ''leggei'' of Sri Lanka have been reported to duet with precision. Young birds are said to have a broken pattern of white and grey giving the appearance of lichens. The exact systematic family position is unclear but the genus ''Hemipus'' has been found to be closely related to the genus ''Tephrodornis'' and show affinities to the Malaconotidae of Africa.

Distribution

The nominate race is found mainly in the Western Ghats of India but becoming very rare towards the Surat Dangs. They are also found in some parts of central and eastern India, extending into Bangladesh. The subspecies ''capitalis'' is found along the Himalayas from Simla, east to Manipur and Chittagong in India and extending into northern Thailand, Myanmar and Laos. Subspecies ''leggei'' of Sri Lanka (southern Western Ghats populations included in older works) has the sexes indistinguishable. It is found in the hill forests of Sri Lanka. Subspecies ''intermedius'' is found in Southeast Asia in Sumatra, Borneo, and parts of the Malay Peninsula. The brownish grey wash on the breast of females is darker, contrasting with the white of the abdomens. The back is darker brown than in other subspecies. The males also have darker breasts. Other subspecies that have been described such as Walter Koelz's ''pileatus'' (described from the Lushai Hills) and ''insulae'' (from Sri Lanka) are not considered valid.

Behaviour and ecology

This bird catches insects by gleaning foliage and making aerial sallies for flushed insects. It will associate with other small birds such as

babbler Babbler may refer to: * Old World babbler, a large family of mostly Old World passerine birds * Australo-Papuan babbler, passerine birds endemic to Australia-New Guinea * Babbler (software) Babbler is a French software company founded in Septem ...

velvet-fronted nuthatch The velvet-fronted nuthatch (''Sitta frontalis'') is a small passerine bird in the nuthatch family Sittidae found in southern Asia from Nepal, India, Sri Lanka ‍and Bangladesh east to south China and Indonesia. Like other nuthatches, it feeds o ...

and white-eyes in feeding flocks. They move through the forest and rarely stick to a particular location. The nesting season in Sri Lanka is mainly from February to August, March to May in India. The nest is a neat cup with rim held stiff by cobwebs binding it and the inside is lined with fine grass and fibre. Lichens cover the surface of the nest cup which is placed on the horizontal surface of a dry branch, often close to the tip of a dead branch or on a leafless tree making it appear like a knot in the wood. The usual clutch is 2 or 3 eggs which are pale greenish white and blotched with black and grey. The bird sitting at the nest appears as if it is casually perched. Both males and females incubate. The chicks at nest stay still with eyes closed and face the center of the nest while holding their bills high giving the appearance of a broken branch. They have been said to be sensitive to forest degradation but some studies note that they are less sensitive and capable of persisting even in considerably disturbed forests.

References

External links

Photographs and videos

Calls
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1313753

bar-winged flycatcher-shrike The bar-winged flycatcher-shrike (''Hemipus picatus'') is a small passerine bird usually placed in the Vangidae. It is found in the forests of tropical southern Asia from the Himalayas and hills of southern India to Indonesia. Mainly insectivorou ...

Birds of South Asia Birds of Southeast Asia Birds of Yunnan

Birds of Nepal