The Kingdom of Baol or Bawol in central

Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 � ...

was one of the kingdoms that arose from the split-up of the Empire of Jolof (Diolof) in 1555. The ruler ( Teigne or Teen) reigned from a capital in

Diourbel Diourbel ( ar, ديوربل; Serer: ''Jurbel'', Wolof: ''Njaaréem'') is a town in Senegal lying east of Thiès. It is known for its mosque and local groundnut industry and is the capital of the Diourbel Region. The population in 2013 was 1 ...

. The Kingdom encompassed a strip of land extending east from the ocean to the capital city and included the towns of

Touba Touba (Hassaniya Arabic: , 'Felicity'; Wolof: Tuubaa) is a city in central Senegal, part of Diourbel Region and Mbacké district. With a population of 529,176 in 2010, it is the second most populated Senegalese city after Dakar. It is the holy ...

and MBacke. It was directly south of the Kingdom of

Cayor Cayor ( wo, Kajoor; ar, كاجور) was the largest and most powerful kingdom (1549–1879) that split off from the Jolof Empire in what is now Senegal. Cayor was located in northern and central Senegal, southeast of Walo, west of the kingdom o ...

and north of the

Kingdom of Sine The Kingdom of Sine (also: ''Sin, Siine'' or Siin in the Serer-Sine language) was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. The inhabitants are called ''Siin-Siin'' or ''Sine-Sine'' (a Se ...

. Baol was famous for its horses. It has unique breeds, which were faster and more robust than most of the horses on the plain. Baol citizens are good riders. Baol became a

Wolof Wolof or Wollof may refer to: * Wolof people, an ethnic group found in Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania * Wolof language, a language spoken in Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania * The Wolof or Jolof Empire, a medieval West African successor of the Mal ...

kingdom, but it included communities of Serer-Safen and other Serer groups. Before the Faal (or Fall) family came into power, Baol was ruled by a mixed dynasty: the Wagadu maternal dynasty (from the

Ghana Empire The Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadou ( ar, غانا) or Awkar, was a West African empire based in the modern-day southeast of Mauritania and western Mali that existed from c. 300 until 1100. The Empire was founded by the Soninke people, ...

along with the Serer paternal dynasties of N'Gom (or Ngum), Thiaw, and Joof or Diouf (along with

Faye __NOTOC__ Faye may refer to: Places * Faye, Loir-et-Cher, France, a village * Faye-d'Anjou, France, a village * La Faye, France, a village * Faye, Kentucky, Elliott County, Kentucky, United States * Faye (crater), a lunar impact crater in the sout ...

), all three major Serer patriclans represented during the Faal dynastic period.

Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire IFAN (I.F.A.N., Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire or Fundamental Institute of Black Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. These include West Africa, ...

, ''Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38'' (1976), pp. 452-458 Some of the earlier Serer kings (''teeň'' or ''

teigne Teigne (also : Teign, Tègne, Teeñ, Tin or Tañ in Wolof language) was the title of the monarch of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Baol, now part of present-day Senegal. In Wolof, "Teigne" means the support that is placed on the head to carry som ...

'') before the Faal paternal dynasty included: Kolki Faye; Mbissine Ndoumbé Ngom; Massamba Fambi Ngom; Fambi Langar Ngom; Patar Xole Joof (or Maad Patar Kolleh Joof, the Great) - grandson of

Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof ( Serer : Maad Ndaah Njeeme Juuf or ''Mad Ndaah Njeeme Juuf'') is one of the patriarchs of the Joof family, himself the medieval King of Laah (or ''Lâ'') in Baol now part of independent Senegal. ''La famille Juuf'' n« L ...

; and Maguinak Joof, cousin of Amari Ngoneh Sobel Faal who accompanied him at the Battle of Danki (1549) and helped him defeat the Emperor of Jolof, thereby bringing his empire too its knees. Amari Ngoneh Sobel Faal, the first

Damel Damel was the title of the ruler (or king) of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor in what is now northwest Senegal, West Africa. The most well-known ''damel'' is probably Lat Dior Diop (1842–1886) who died in battle during the final French drive to captu ...

Teign Teigne (also : Teign, Tègne, Teeñ, Tin or Tañ in Wolof language) was the title of the monarch of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Baol, now part of present-day Senegal. In Wolof, "Teigne" means the support that is placed on the head to carry som ...

from the Faal family, is the maternal grandson of

Lingeer Lingeer (also: ''Linger'' or Linguère) was the title given to the mother or sister of a king in the Serer kingdoms of Sine, Saloum, and previously the Kingdom of Baol; and the Wolof kingdoms of Cayor, Jolof, Baol and Waalo in pre-colonial Sene ...

Sobel Joof, mother of Lingeer Ngoneh Sobel Njie (French: Ngonē Sobel Ndiaye) - Amari Ngoneh's own mother. Sobel Joof was a descendant of

, the medieval king of Laah, Baol. The Faal family that later ruled Cayor and Baol traced descent to the Joof family. They simply married into the much older royal dynasty. The social and political systems were basically the same as those of Cayor. In fact, the kingdoms merged from time to time for mutual defense. The French conquest of Baol began in 1859. Most of Baol was conquered by the French in 1874, however complete control of the former kingdom was not gained by France until 1895. It was one of many campaigns of Governor

Louis Faidherbe Louis Léon César Faidherbe (; 3 June 1818 – 29 September 1889) was a French general and colonial administrator. He created the Senegalese Tirailleurs when he was governor of Senegal. Early life Faidherbe was born into a lower-middle-clas ...

who oversaw the conquest of

in 1886.

List of kings

Names and dates taken from John Stewart's ''African States and Rulers'': * Niokhor (c. 1550–c. 1560) * Amari (c. 1560–1593) * Mamalik Thioro (1593–?) * Tié N'Della (?) * Tié Kura (?) * M'Bissan Kura (?) * Tiande (?–c. 1664) * M'Bar (c. 1664–c. 1690) * Tié Yaasin Demba (c. 1690–c. 1693) * Tié Tieumbeul (c. 1693–1697) * Lat Sukaabe (1697–1719) * Mali Kumba Dyaring (1719) * Ma-Kodu Kumba (1719–1749) * Mawa (1749–c. 1752) * M'Bissan N'Della (c. 1752–c. 1758) * Ma-Kodu Kumba (c. 1758–1777) ''Position vacant from 1777 to 1809'' * Tié-Yaasin Dieng (1809–1815) * Amadi Dyor (1815–c. 1822) * Birayma Fatma (c. 1822–1832) * Isa Tein-Dyor (1832–1855) * Tié-Yaasin N'Gone (1855–c. 1857) * Ma-Kodu Kodu Kumba (c. 1857–1859) * Mali Kumba N'Gone (1859–1862) * Tié-Yaasin Gallo (1862–1890) * Tanor Gogne (1890–3 July 1894)

Sources

*http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Senegal_native.html *Clark, Andrew F. and Lucie Colvin Phillips, ''Historical Dictionary of Senegal, Second Edition'' Published as No. 65 of ''African Historical Dictionaries'', (Metuchen, New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press, 1994) p. 74-75 {{coord missing, Senegal History of Senegal Kingdoms of Senegal French West Africa Former countries in Africa Former monarchies of Africa Countries in precolonial Africa States and territories established in 1555 States and territories disestablished in 1895 Sahelian kingdoms 1555 establishments in Africa Serer country Serer history Serer precolonial kingdoms Lists of African monarchs

List of kings

See also

Sources