''Banksia echinata'' is a species of shrub that is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to Western Australia. It has serrated leaves with nine to twenty-five sharply pointed, triangular teeth on each side, heads of about fifty pale yellow flowers and sparsely hairy follicles.

Description

''Banksia echinata'' is a shrub that typically grows to a height of but does not form a lignotuber. It has serrated linear leaves that are long and wide with between nine and twenty-five sharply pointed, triangular teeth on each side. The flowers are borne on a head of between 45 and 55 flowers with narrow lance-shaped involucral bracts up to long at the base of the head. The flowers are pale yellow and have a

perianth The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when ...

long and a

pistil Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or more) ''pistils'' ...

long. Flowering occurs from July to October and the fruit is a sparsely hairy follicle long.

Taxonomy and naming

This banksia was first formally described in 1996 by

Alex George Alexander or Alex George may refer to: *Alex George (botanist) (born 1939), Australian botanist * Alexander L. George (1920–2006), American political scientist * Alexander George (philosopher), American philosopher *Alex George (motorcyclist), Sc ...

in the journal ''

Nuytsia ''Nuytsia floribunda'' is a hemiparasitic tree found in Western Australia. The species is known locally as moodjar and, more recently, the Christmas tree or Western Australian Christmas tree. The display of intensely bright flowers during the ...

'' and given the name ''Dryandra echinata'' from specimens he collected near the

Brand Highway Brand Highway is a main highway linking the northern outskirts of Perth to Geraldton in Western Australia. Together with North West Coastal Highway, it forms part of the Western Australian coastal link to the Northern Territory. The highway i ...

and

Moore River National Park Moore River National Park is a national park in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, 95 km north of Perth. The Moore River runs through the park on its way to the Indian Ocean where the township of Guilderton is situated. The park ...

in 1986. In 2007, Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all the dryandras to the genus '' Banksia'' and this species became ''Banksia echinata''. The

specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

(''echinata'') is a Latin word meaning "armed with many prickles", referring to the teeth on the leaves.

Distribution and habitat

''Banksia echinata'' grows in

kwongan Kwongan is plant community found in south-western Western Australia. The name is a Bibbelmun (Noongar) Aboriginal term of wide geographical use defined by Beard (1976) as Kwongan has replaced other terms applied by European botanists such as ...

and open woodland between Regans Ford,

New Norcia New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz Albums and EPs * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, ...

and Gingin in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains,

Jarrah Forest Jarrah forest is tall open forest in which the dominant overstory tree is ''Eucalyptus marginata'' (jarrah). The ecosystem occurs only in the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. It is most common in the biogeographic region named in ...

and

Swan Coastal Plain The Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia is the geographic feature which contains the Swan River as it travels west to the Indian Ocean. The coastal plain continues well beyond the boundaries of the Swan River and its tributaries, as a geol ...

biogeographic regions A biogeographic realm or ecozone is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms. They are subdivided into bioregions, which are further subdivided into ecoregions. De ...

Conservation status

This banksia is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia

Department of Parks and Wildlife The Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) was the department of the Government of Western Australia responsible for managing lands described in the ''Conservation and Land Management Act 1984'' and implementing the state's conservation and e ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q4856594, from2= Q65937081 echinata Endemic flora of Western Australia Eudicots of Western Australia Plants described in 1996 Taxa named by Kevin Thiele