Bandi Chhor Divas

Bandi Chhor Divas ( Punjabi: ਬੰਦੀ ਛੋੜ ਦਿਵਸ ; meaning) is a Sikh celebration that commemorates the day the sixth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Hargobind released 52 prisoners from Gwalior Fort, who had been imprisoned by Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Emperor Jahangir had held 52 prisioners at the Gwalior Fort for several months.
Gurdwara Data Bandi Chhor Sahib, is located at the place of the Gurus internment in the Fort. The day falls in autumn and often overlaps with Hindu Diwali, the festival of lights celebrated across Punjab. Historically, from the time of the third Sikh Guru Amar Das, Sikhs and Hindus of the time used the occasion of Diwali, Vaisakhi and other such festivals to congregate at the seat of the Gurus., Quote: "Since the time of Guru Amar Das it has been customary for Sikhs to assemble before their Guru on three of the most important Hindu festival occasions - Vaisakhi, Divali and Maha Shivaratri". In the late 20th century, Sikh religious leaders and the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee formally adopted this day into the Nanakshahi calendar in 2003, under President Prof. Kirpal Singh Badungar the then-president of Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.

The Bandi Chhor Divas is celebrated by the lighting up of homes and Gurdwaras, celebratory processions ( nagar kirtan) and langar (community kitchen). It is an important Sikh celebration along with Vaisakhi, Hola Mohalla and Gurpurab.

Description

Bandi Chhor Divas was celebrated when Guru Hargobind was released from Gwalior prison with 52 prisioners and princes holding on to his robe or cape with 52 ropes.The guru led all 52 innocent rulers to safety without any signs of war or battle. In addition to '' Nagar keertan'' (a street procession) and an ''Akhand paath'' (a continuous reading of ''Guru Granth Sahib''), Bandi Chhor (Shodh) Divas is celebrated with a fireworks display. The Sri Harmandir Sahib, as well as the whole complex, is festooned with thousands of shimmering lights. The gurdwara organizes continuous ''kirtan'' singing and special musicians. Sikhs consider this occasion as an important time to visit Gurdwaras and spend time with their families.

History and significance

Guru Hargobind Sahib's father Guru Arjan Dev was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and he was asked to convert to Islam. His refusal led to his torture and execution in 1606 CE. This event is a defining moment in the history of India and Sikhs as the martyrdom of Guru Arjan. After the execution, Guru Hargobind succeeded his father as the next Guru of Sikhs.Pashaura Singh (2005)
Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan
, Journal of Philosophical Society, 12(1), pages 29-62

Guru Hargobind, on 24 June 1606, at age 11, was crowned as the sixth Sikh Guru.HS Singha (2009), Sikh Studies, Book 7, Hemkunt Press, , pages 18-19 At his succession ceremony, he put on two swords: one indicated his resolve to maintain spiritual authority (''piri'') and the other, his temporal authority (''miri'').HS Syan (2013), Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century, IB Tauris, , pages 48-55 Because of the execution of Guru Arjan by Mughal Emperor Jahangir, Guru Hargobind was opposed to the oppression of the Mughal rule. He advised Sikhs and Hindus to arm and fight. The death of his father at the hands of Jahangir prompted him to emphasize the military dimension of the Sikh community.

Different versions exist of how the Guru was imprisoned at Gwalior Fort by Jahangir. One version suggests that when Murtaja Khan, Nawab of Lahore, noticed that the Guru had constructed the Sri Akal Takhat Sahib, 'The Throne of the Almighty', at Amritsar, and was also strengthening his army, he informed the Mughal Emperor Jahangir about this. He also, emphasized that the Sikh Guru was making preparations to take revenge for his father's torture and martyrdom. When Jahangir heard about this he at once sent Wazir Khan and Guncha Beg to Amritsar to arrest Guru Hargobind.

But Wazir Khan, who happened to be an admirer of Guru Hargobind, rather than arresting him, requested the Guru to accompany them to Delhi telling him that Emperor Jahangir wanted to meet him. The young Guru accepted the invitation and soon reached Delhi, where Jahangir interned him at the Gwalior Fort in 1609. Another version speaks of Guru Hargobind's imprisonment on the pretext that the fine imposed on Guru Arjan had not been paid by the Sikhs and Guru Hargobind. It is not clear as to how much time he spent as a prisoner. The year of his release appears to have been either 1611 or 1612, when Guru Hargobind was about 16 years old. Persian records, such as ''Dabistan i Mazahib'' suggest he was kept in jail between 1617 and 1619 in Gwalior, after which he and his camp were kept under Muslim army's surveillance by Jahangir. As per some accounts, Guru Hargobind upon his release went to Amritsar, where people were celebrating the festival of Diwali. This important event in Sikh history is now termed the ''Bandi Chhor Divas'' festival.

Gallery

File:Gurudwara Shri Data Bandi Chhor Shahib Gwalior 001 (1).jpg, Gurdwara Sri Data Bandi Chhor Sahib at Gwalior Fort.
File:Diwali fireworks and lighting celebrations India 2012.jpg, Festive fireworks at Harmandir Sahib temple on Bandi Chhor Divas.
File:Guru Hargobind chola.jpg, Preserved ''chola'' of Guru Hargobind at Ghudani Kalan village that he is believed to have worn. It has 52 tails or corners, matching with the description in the legend

See also

*Diwali

References

{{Punjabi fairs and festivals

Diwali
Sikh festivals
Sikh culture
Religious festivals in India
October observances
November observances
Religious holidays
Autumn holidays