Bandava (in
Latvian and
Lithuanian; la, Bandowe) - and old
Curonian land which existed in the territory of the
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...
during the late
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...
until it was conquered and divided in 1253 by
Bishopric of Courland
The Bishopric of Courland ( la, Episcopatus Curoniensis, Low German: ''Bisdom Curland'') was the second smallest (4500 km2) ecclesiastical state in the Livonian Confederation founded in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade. During the Liv ...
and
Livonian Order
The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order,
formed in 1237. From 1435 to 1561 it was a member of the Livonian Confederation.
History
The order was formed from the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword after the ...
.
History
It is first mentioned in the biography of Bishop
Ansgar
Ansgar (8 September 801 – 3 February 865), also known as Anskar, Saint Ansgar, Saint Anschar or Oscar, was Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen in the northern part of the Kingdom of the East Franks. Ansgar became known as the "Apostle of the North" b ...
("Vita Anskarii") written by Bishop
Rimbert Saint Rimbert (or Rembert) (''c.'' 830 - 11 June 888 in Bremen) was archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen, in the northern part of the Kingdom of East Frankia from 865 until his death in 888. He most famously wrote the hagiography about the life Ansgar, th ...
of Bremen (lived before 888 AD). It is also mentioned in the January 17, 1231 treaty between the
Baldwin von Alna
Baldwin of Alna (german: Baldwin von Alna or Alva; french: Baudoin d’Aulne died in 1243) was Pope Gregory IX envoy and later Papal legate in Baltic region.
He participated in both Northern Crusades and crusades to the East.
History
Baldw ...
and Curonians.
In the April 4, 1253 treaty it was split between Bishop of Courland and Order of Livonia.
Geography
The country was located between
Ventava
Ventspils (; german: Windau, ; see other names) is a state city in northwestern Latvia in the historical Courland region of Latvia, and is the sixth largest city in the country. At the beginning of 2020, Ventspils had a population of 33,906. It ...
, ,
Piemare
Piemare ( lt, Piemarė; la, Bihavelanc) was one of the main Curonian kihelkonds with an administrative center in Esestua ( Seeburg) before the 13th century. It was located between Bandava, Duvzare and the Baltic Sea on the territory of present ...
, and the
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
on the present territory of
Ventspils district
The Ventspils District ( lv, Ventspils rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia, located in the Courland region, in the country's west.
The district consisted of eleven parishes and one rural territory.
Districts were eliminated during ...
and
Kuldīga district
Kuldīga District ( lv, Kuldīgas rajons) was an administrative division of Latvia, located in Courland region, in the country's west. It was organized into a city and thirteen parishes, each with a local government authority. The main city in the ...
in
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...
with the administrative center near the modern-day
Kuldīga
Kuldīga () (german: Goldingen) is a town in the Courland region of Latvia, in the western part of the country. It is the center of Kuldīga Municipality with a population of approximately 13,500.
Kuldīga was first mentioned in 1242. It joine ...
.
It included some of the following villages (''villae''): , , Vepele, Libiņi,
Skrunda
Skrunda (; german: Schrunden) is a town in the Courland region of Latvia. It lies 150 km (95 mi) west of the capital city Riga in Kuldīga Municipality.
History
The historical sources first mentioned Skrunda (german: Schrunden) in th ...
, Jērnieki, ,
Alsunga
Alsunga (also Alšvanga, german: Alschwangen) is a village in Alsunga Parish, Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. Alsunga is the center of the Suiti, a small Catholic community in the Lutheran western part of Latvia. The ...
, Arsene, Asene, Ursuļi, Urāle, Ardone, Pakare, Nikte,
Šķēde
Šķēde is a suburban settlement near Liepāja, Latvia, in Medze Parish, South Kurzeme Municipality. It is located on the north border of the city. Šķēde was the biggest dacha cooperative in Latvia in the time of the Latvian SSR. One of Š ...
, , , , , , Tigve, Karitanke, Velži and Manestute.
[ Enciklopēdija Latvijas Vēsture]
In the treaty of April 4, 1253, concluded by the Bishop of Courland Heinrich and the Master of the Livonian Order, the land of Bandava was divided into two parts. The north-eastern part with
Kuldīga Castle
Kuldīga Castle ( la , castrum Guldinge, de , Burc Goldingen, Schloß Goldingen) also Goldingen Castle and Jesus Castle (german: Jesusburg) was a medieval castle of the Livonian Order in historical Courland in town Kuldīga near Venta Rapid. ...
near
Venta river was received by the
Livonian Order
The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order,
formed in 1237. From 1435 to 1561 it was a member of the Livonian Confederation.
History
The order was formed from the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword after the ...
, but the south-western part with
Aizpute
Aizpute (german: Hasenpoth) is a town in western Latvia's South Kurzeme Municipality in the valley of the Tebra River, northeast of Liepāja.
History
The territory of modern Aizpute was inhabited by ancient Curonians since the 9th century. St. ...
and
Embūte
Embūte (german: Amboten) is a village in Embūte Parish, South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia.
See also
* Embūte Castle
The ruins of Embūte Castle are located in Embūte (german: Amboten), Embūte Parish, So ...
castles was further ruled by the Diocese of Kurzeme.
The settlements of Bandava referred to in the Agreement in the part of the Livonian Order (two thirds of Bandava):
* ''Walteten'' — (
Laidi Parish
Laidi Parish ( lv, Laidu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika ...
),
* ''Sargamiten'' — Sermīte (
Laidi Parish
Laidi Parish ( lv, Laidu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika ...
),
* ''Wepele'' — Vaipas (
Kazdanga Parish
Kazdanga Parish ( lv, Kazdangas pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ...
),
* ''Lippeten'' or ''Lippayten'' — Lipaiķi (
Turlava Parish),
* ''Libben'' — Libiņi (
Turlava Parish),
* ''Scrunden'' —
Skrunda
Skrunda (; german: Schrunden) is a town in the Courland region of Latvia. It lies 150 km (95 mi) west of the capital city Riga in Kuldīga Municipality.
History
The historical sources first mentioned Skrunda (german: Schrunden) in th ...
,
* ''Irien'' or ''Yrien'' — Jērnieki vai Dziras (
Nīgrande Parish),
* ''Turlowe'' — Turlava (
Turlava Parish),
* ''Alswangen'' —
Alsunga
Alsunga (also Alšvanga, german: Alschwangen) is a village in Alsunga Parish, Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. Alsunga is the center of the Suiti, a small Catholic community in the Lutheran western part of Latvia. The ...
,
* ''Asen'' — Āžu mājas (
Kazdanga Parish
Kazdanga Parish ( lv, Kazdangas pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ...
),
* ''Arsen'' — Ārzes or Ārdze (
Laidi Parish
Laidi Parish ( lv, Laidu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika ...
),
* ''Iherusalem'' or ''Iursalen'' — Ursuļi (
Kazdanga Parish
Kazdanga Parish ( lv, Kazdangas pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ...
),
* ''Arolde'' or ''Aralden'' — Urāle (
Aizpute Parish),
* ''Arden'' — Ardone (?) (
Aizpute Parish),
* ''castellatura Dzerbithen'' — Raņķu (Irbes?) pilskalns (
Raņķi Parish
Raņķi Parish ( lv, Raņķu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality
Kuldīga Municipality ( lv, Kuldīgas novads) is a municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Ēdole parish, Gudenie ...
),
* ''Mesete'' or ''Masote'' — ? (
Raņķi Parish
Raņķi Parish ( lv, Raņķu pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality
Kuldīga Municipality ( lv, Kuldīgas novads) is a municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Ēdole parish, Gudenie ...
),
* ''Packare'' — Pakare?,
* ''Nicken'' or ''Nitthen'' — Nikte (
Vārme Parish),
* ''Scheden'' — Šķēde (
Vārme Parish),
* ''Pavelden'' or ''Paiulden'' — Snēpele (
Snēpele Parish
Snēpele parish ( lv, Snēpeles pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 815 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 76.94 km2.
Villages of Snēpele parish ...
),
* ''Villegale'' — Vilgale (
Kurmāle Parish),
* ''Eze'' — Īvandes mācītājmuiža (
Īvande Parish),
* ''Kewele'' or ''Kewalen'' — Ķimale (
Īvande Parish),
* ''Kormale'' or ''Kormalen'' — Kurmāle (
Kurmāle Parish),
* ''Kemalen'' — Ķimale (
Padure Parish),
* ''Ywande'' — Īvande (
Īvande Parish),
* ''Togowe'' or ''Tigwen'' — Tigas (
Padure Parish).
The settlements of Bandava in the part of the bishop of Kurzeme mentioned in the agreement (one third of Bandava):
* ''Amboten'' — Embūte, (
Embūte Parish
Embūte Parish ( lv, Embūtes pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 414 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 117.6 km2.
Villages of Embūte p ...
),
* ''Kalten'' — Kalši, (
Vaiņode Parish),
* ''Baten'' — Bāte, (
Vaiņode Parish),
* ''Waruwe'' — Vārve, (
Tadaiķi Parish),
* ''Elkene'' — Elkuzeme, (
Vaiņode Parish),
* ''Assiten'' — Asīte, (
Priekule Parish
Priekule Parish ( lv, Priekules pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvij ...
),
* ''Rese'' — Rēzas, (
Embūte Parish
Embūte Parish ( lv, Embūtes pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 414 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 117.6 km2.
Villages of Embūte p ...
),
* ''Cepse'' — Sepene, (
Embūte Parish
Embūte Parish ( lv, Embūtes pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 414 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 117.6 km2.
Villages of Embūte p ...
),
* ''Padoren'' — Tāšu Padure, (
Kalvene Parish),
* ''Selde'' or ''Celde'' — Cildi, (
Kazdanga Parish
Kazdanga Parish ( lv, Kazdangas pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality, Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ...
),
* ''Lene'' — Lēņi, (
Rudbārži Parish),
* ''Nodingen'' or ''Nedingen'' — Nēdinga, (
Embūte Parish
Embūte Parish ( lv, Embūtes pagasts) is an administrative unit of South Kurzeme Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The parish has a population of 414 (as of 1/07/2010) and covers an area of 117.6 km2.
Villages of Embūte p ...
),
* ''Parbonen'' — Pērbone, (
Kalvene Parish),
* ''Kalnien'' or ''Kalven'' — , (
Kalvene Parish),
* ''Apussen'' — Vecapūze, (
Rudbārži Parish),
* ''Hasenpotten'' —
Aizpute
Aizpute (german: Hasenpoth) is a town in western Latvia's South Kurzeme Municipality in the valley of the Tebra River, northeast of Liepāja.
History
The territory of modern Aizpute was inhabited by ancient Curonians since the 9th century. St. ...
,
* ''Iameten'' — Jamaiķi, (
Turlava Parish),
* ''Scherenden'' or ''Zerenden'' — Cerenda or Cindari, (
Gudenieki Parish
Gudenieki Parish ( lv, Gudenieku pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas ...
),
* ''Adze'' — Adze, (
Gudenieki Parish
Gudenieki Parish ( lv, Gudenieku pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas ...
),
* ''Pewe'' — Pievika (
Gudenieki Parish
Gudenieki Parish ( lv, Gudenieku pagasts) is an administrative unit of Kuldīga Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas ...
).
References
Bibliography
*
*{{citation, last=Bielenstein, first=August Johann Gottfried, year=1892, title=Die Grenzen des lettischen Volksstammes und der lettischen Sprache in der Gegenwart und im 13. Jahrhundert, place=St. Petersburg
Geographic history of Latvia
1253 disestablishments in Europe
Historical regions in Latvia
Former principalities