Bahman Mirza ( fa, بهمن میرزا;‎ 11 October 1810 – 11 February 1884) was an

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

ian prince from the

Qajar dynasty The Qajar dynasty (; fa, دودمان قاجار ', az, Qacarlar ) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, ''The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896'', I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic peoples ...

. The son of

Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza ( fa, عباس میرزا; August 26, 1789October 25, 1833) was a Qajar crown prince of Iran. He developed a reputation as a military commander during the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813 and the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828, as ...

and grandson of

Fath Ali Shah Fath-Ali Shah Qajar ( fa, فتحعلى‌شاه قاجار, Fatḥ-ʻAli Šâh Qâjâr; May 1769 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. He reigned from 17 June 1797 until his death on 24 October 1834. His reign saw the irr ...

, he was Vicergerent ( ''vali'') of

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

and Governor-General of

Tabriz Tabriz ( fa, تبریز ; ) is a city in northwestern Iran, serving as the capital of East Azerbaijan Province. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. In the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Aze ...

. He later migrated to neighboring

Imperial Russia The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...

, where he was received with great honour and lived a prestigious life in

Shusha / hy, Շուշի , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = ShushaCollection2021.jpg , image_caption = Landmarks of Shusha, from top left:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral • Yukhari Govhar ...

. Many of his offspring either returned to Iran where they pursued political or military careers, or served in the Russian military, and later played an important role in the military of

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic), or simply as Azerbaijan in Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920,''Bulletin d'Information de l'Azerbaidjan'', No. I, September 1, 1919, pp. 6–7''125 H.C.Debs.'', 58., February 24, 1920, p. 1467. Caucasian Az ...

. He is also the great-grandfather of

Afrasiyab Badalbeyli Afrasiyab Badal bey oghlu Badalbeyli ( az, Əfrasiyab Bədəl bəy oğlu Bədəlbəyli) (19 April 1907, in Baku – 6 January 1976, in Baku) was a Soviet Azerbaijani composer, with noble Iranian origins (he was the descendant of Bahman Mirza and ...

, Azerbaijani composer and author of the first Azeri balet and the first ballet in the

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

East. Bahman Mirza is the ancestor of the

Bahmani family The Bahmani family, also Bahmani-Qajar is an aristocratic Iranian family belonging to one of the princely families of the Qajar dynasty, the dynasty, ruling house that reigned Iran 1785–1925. The founder is Bahman Mirza Qajar (1810–1884), the ...

with the branches of the Russian Princes Persidskii, and the Bahmanov and Kadjar lines of

as well as of the Iranian families Bahmani-Qajar and Bahman. Thus, Bahman Mirza was also the (great-)grandfather of Ambassador Ali Akbar Bahman.

Life

Bahman Mirza, influenced by the European Enlightenment, was the fourth son of Prince

, viceroy (''nayeb os-saltaneh'') and

crown prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title is crown princess, which may refer either to an heiress apparent or, especially in earlier times, to the wif ...

(''vali ahd'') of

by his first wife and cousin, Assiyeh Khanom, daughter of Amir Mohammad Khan Qajar-Davallu, the

queen mother A queen mother is a former queen, often a queen dowager, who is the mother of the reigning monarch. The term has been used in English since the early 1560s. It arises in hereditary monarchies in Europe and is also used to describe a number of ...

. Thus, with the younger Ghahreman Mirza he was the only full brother of

Mohammad Shah Qajar Mohammad Shah (; born Mohammad Mirza; 5 January 1808 – 5 September 1848) was the third Qajar dynasty, Qajar ''shah'' of Qajar Iran, Iran from 1834 to 1848, having succeeded his grandfather Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, Fath-Ali Shah. From a young age, M ...

. Bahman Mirza was born in

Golestan Palace The Golestan Palace ( fa, کاخ گلستان, ''Kākh-e Golestān''), also transliterated as the Gulistan Palace and sometimes translated as the Rose Garden Palace from Persian language, was built in the 16th century, renovated in the 18th cent ...

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

on 11 October 1810 and educated privately in

. 1831 to 1834 he was appointed governor (''hakem'') of

Ardabil Ardabil (, fa, اردبیل, Ardabīl or ''Ardebīl'') is a city in northwestern Iran, and the capital of Ardabil Province. As of the 2022 census, Ardabil's population was 588,000. The dominant majority in the city are ethnic Iranian Azerbaija ...

, in 1834 governor of

and commander-in-chief (''sepah-salar''), then governor-general (''beglerbegi'') of

Borujerd Borujerd ( fa, بروجرد ''Borūjerd'') is a city and the capital of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province in western Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 234,997 persons. Among the existing modern cities in Iran, Borujerd is one of the ...

and Silakhor, and governor of

Hamadan Hamadan () or Hamedan ( fa, همدان, ''Hamedān'') ( Old Persian: Haŋgmetana, Ecbatana) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. At the 2019 census, its population was 783,300 in 230,775 families. The majority of people living in Ha ...

from 1834 to 1841. After the death of his brother Ghahreman Mirza in 1839 he succeeded him as prince-governor of

in 1841, but was forced to resign and exiled to

Tiflis Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million pe ...

in 1848 due to political intrigues at court. He moved to

Shusha / hy, Շուշի , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = ShushaCollection2021.jpg , image_caption = Landmarks of Shusha, from top left:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral • Yukhari Govhar ...

in the Russian occupied

Karabakh Karabakh ( az, Qarabağ ; hy, Ղարաբաղ, Ġarabaġ ) is a geographic region in present-day southwestern Azerbaijan and eastern Armenia, extending from the highlands of the Lesser Caucasus down to the lowlands between the rivers Kura (Caspia ...

region in 1853 and died there on 11 February 1884. He was buried in his

mausoleum A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be consid ...

at the cemetery in Barda, near

Shusha / hy, Շուշի , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = ShushaCollection2021.jpg , image_caption = Landmarks of Shusha, from top left:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral • Yukhari Govhar ...

Bahman Mirza was an able governor, well-educated and a patron of literature and art, interested in geography, European history and modern natural history. He gave scholars, poets and artists a special place of honour. Therefore, authors and translators dedicated many works to him. The first Persian translation of ''

One Thousand and One Nights ''One Thousand and One Nights'' ( ar, أَلْفُ لَيْلَةٍ وَلَيْلَةٌ, italic=yes, ) is a collection of Middle Eastern folk tales compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. It is often known in English as the ''Arabian ...

'' from Arabic was translated by Abdol-Latif Tasooji by the order of Bahman Mirza. Bahman Mirza's seal

From 1831, the birth of

Nasir al-Din Shah Naser al-Din Shah Qajar ( fa, ناصرالدین‌شاه قاجار; 16 July 1831 – 1 May 1896) was the fourth Shah of Qajar Iran from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when he was assassinated. He was the son of Mohammad Shah Qajar and Malek ...

, to 1853, the birth of

Muzaffar al-Din Shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar ( fa, مظفرالدین شاه قاجار, Mozaffar ad-Din Ŝāh-e Qājār; 23 March 1853 – 3 January 1907), was the fifth shah of Qajar Iran, reigning from 1896 until his death in 1907. He is often credited with t ...

, Bahman Mirza played a key role in the royal line of succession, when Great Britain and Russia began to intervene in Persia's domestic affairs. Both European powers saw Bahman Mirza as the powerful and strong senior prince of the imperial house, able to take the crown after his ill-fated brother. Thus, the right of succession of weak infant crown princes was legal according to the Qajar rule of succession, though it seemed sometimes not very realistic. But at the end Prince Bahman Mirza was forced into exile and the young heir presumptive reached age of maturity and ascended the

Peacock Throne The Peacock Throne ( Hindustani: ''Mayūrāsana'', Sanskrit: मयूरासन, Urdu: تخت طاؤس, fa, تخت طاووس, ''Takht-i Tāvūs'') was a famous jewelled throne that was the seat of the emperors of the Mughal Empire in India ...

Orders and decorations

Bahman Mirza received as well the highest decoration of Persia as of the Russian Empire: *

Order of the Lion and the Sun The Imperial Order of the Lion and the Sun (Persian language, Persian: نشان سلطنتی شیر و خورشید) was instituted by Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar, Fat’h Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty in 1808 to honour foreign officials (later extend ...

(''neshan-e shir-o-khorshid'') * Order of the Imperial Effigy (''neshan-e temsal-e homayouni'') *

Order of St. Andrew The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (russian: Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного, translit=Orden Svyatogo apostola Andreya Pervozvannogo) is the highest order conferred by both the ...

"The Bahman Mirza Affair"

When in 1873 the European heads of state met in Austria for the World Exhibition in Vienna, Bahman Mirza sent several notes to the foreign monarchs as well as to the German Reichskanzler Prince

Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (, ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of J ...

addressed to the German crown prince Frederick Wilhelm of Prussia to ask for mediation and help to regain six of his confiscated estates. Two years later Bahman Mirza asked for a meeting with the Germans during his tour through Europe. Therefore, in October 1875 he corresponded with the German delegation, telling his full story. It even caused a diplomatic affair when Bahman Mirza wanted to visit the crown prince at

Neues Palais The New Palace (german: Neues Palais) is a palace situated on the western side of the Sanssouci park in Potsdam, Germany. The building was begun in 1763, after the end of the Seven Years' War, under King ''Friedrich II'' (Frederick the Great) and ...

in Potsdam. Several telegrams between Minister Karl Freiherr von Wilmowski the head of the Kaiser's Privy Civil Council 1869–1888, Major Eduard von Liebenau the personal adjudant to the crown prince, Joseph Maria von Radowitz the Director for Oriental Affairs at the Foreign Office 1873–1875, and Count George Herbert zu Muenster the acting Ambassador to London 1873-1885 investigated and finally confirmed the origin and background of that Persian prince. At the end on 25 October 1875 Bahman Mirza had an audience with the German crown prince, who promised support, and again members of his family were reinstated as Princes of Persia and invited to come back.

Family

Wives

Bahman Mirza had 16 wives, mostly from the Qajar aristocracy or local Azerbaijan nobility. There are four categories of consorts, ranking in status and background in the royal harem. A. the royal Qajar princesses, Bahman Mirza's cousins and mothers of his eldest children; B. daughters from Qajar khans as non-Qajar khans from important local families; C. commoners and D. slave girls, who came as concubines to the harem and then raised in status. Some of his permanent wives are known by name: *a) Princess Malek Soltan Khanom Qajar (daughter of Prince Mohammad Taghi Mirza "Hessam os-Saltaneh" 1791–1853, Fath Ali Shah's 7th son by Zeynab Khanom), his direct first cousin and chief wife. *b) Princess Shams-e Jahan Khanom (daughter of Prince Mohammad Reza Mirza "Eftikhar ol-Molk" 1797–1860, Fath Ali Shah's 13th son by Mariam Khanom Gorji. *c) Malek Jahan Khanom Quyunlu (daughter of Mohammad Qoli Khan Qajar by Princess Shirin Jan Khanom, the 29th daughter of Fath Ali Shah). *d) Mehr Farid Khanom Talishinskiya (daughter of Mehdi Qoli Khan and granddaughter of Mir Mostafa Khan of

Talysh Talysh may refer to: *Talysh people * History of Talysh *Talysh language *Talysh Khanate, in existence from 1747 to 1828 *Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic, a self-declared autonomy, which existed briefly in the south of Azerbaijan in 1993 *Talysh ...

). *e) Kuchak Barda Khanom (daughter of Qurban Beyg Ghazi). *f) Govad Khanom (a Kurdish girl from Tabriz). *g) Gowhar Khanom (daughter of Ismail Khan Ghazi). *h) Chichek Khanom (another Kurdish from Tabriz). *i) Khandan Khanom Gorji (a Georgian lady from Tiflis). *j) Nush Afarin Khanom Agha-Abdollah (a woman from Shusha and sister to Farkhonda Begom, wife of Prince Shahrokh Mirza), his last wife.

Offspring

Bahman Mirza had 31 sons and 30 daughters. Some of them became ancestors of the

i and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

n Qajar families: Persidsky, Bahmanov and Kadjar. His 31 sons in order of seniority: *1. (by Malek Soltan Khanom) Prince Anoushiravan Mirza "Zia od-Dowleh" "Amir Touman" (b. 19 Aug 1833 in Ardabil, d. 23 Oct 1899 in Tabriz, following apoplexy and paralysis, bur. at Shusha, Karabagh), 1873 Governor of

Turshiz Turshiz ( fa, ترشیز ''Turshēz''), also known as Turaythith (), is a medieval district and city of the Quhistan region. It corresponds to the Kashmar area, located in the present-day Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. This region is divided int ...

, 1881-1882 Governor of

, 1884-1886 and 1898-1899 of Semnan,

Damghan Damghan ( fa, دامغان, translit=Dāmghān) is the capital of Damghan County, Semnan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 57,331, in 15,849 families. It is situated east of Tehran on the high-road to Mashad, at an elevatio ...

and

Shahrud The Shahrud (Turkish ''Şehrud'' from Persian شاهرود, DMG ''šāh-i rūd'' or ''šāh-rūd'') was a short-necked lute, illustrated in the '' Surname-i Hümayun'', resembling an oud or barbat, but being much larger. The larger size gave th ...

, 1888-1889 Governor von

and Lorestan. Direct ancestor of Ali Akbar Bahman and the Bahman family. *2. (by Malek Soltan Khanom) Prince Jalal od-Din Mirza (b. ca. 1836, d. 1870), Major in Russian army, Major-General in Persian army, poet and historian. *3. (by Malek Soltan Khanom) Prince Reza Qoli Mirza (b. 1837 in Iran; d. 1894 in St. Petersburg), General in Russian army. *4. (by Shams-e Jahan Khanom) Prince Shahrokh Mirza (b. 15/09/1844 in Iran, d. 1915 in Baku), Colonel in Russian army. *5. Prince Nasrollah Mirza (b. 1848), Colonel in Nizhny-Novgorod Dragoon regiment, returned to Iran. He had issued. *6. Prince Mohammad Ali Mirza "Sho'a os-Soltan" "Amir Touman" (b. 1849), Commander-in-Chief of the Persian Cossack division in

Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...

. *7. (by Malek Jahan Khanom) Prince Khan Baba Khan Mirza (b. 1849; d. 1926), Colonel in Russian army. *8. (by Mehr Farid Khanom) Prince Abdol Samed Mirza (b. 1851 at Tiflis; d. 1924 at Shusha), Colonel in Russian army. *9. Prince Qoflan Agha Mirza (b. 1851). *10. Prince Aziz Khan Mirza (b. ca. 1851). *11. Prince Mahmoud Mirza (b. ca. 1853), rittmeister in Russian army. *12. (by Mehr Farid Khanom) Prince Amir Kazem Mirza (b. 1853; d. 1920), Major-General in Russian army. *13. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Prince Ali Qoli Mirza (b. 1854; d. 1905). *14. Prince Baha od-Din Mirza (b. 20/7/1855). *15. Prince Heydar Qoli Mirza (b. 15/8/1855; d. 1918). *16. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Prince Khan Jahan Mirza (b. ca. 1855), Colonel in Russian army. *17. (by Chichek Khanom) Prince Amanollah Khan Mirza (b. 8/1/1857 in Shusha; d. 1937 in Tehran), Major-General in Russian army, deputy division commander in Azerbaijan army, returned to Iran and became instructor of the Persian army. *18. Prince Ilkhani Mirza (b. 1858, d. 1901). *19. Prince Homayoun Mirza (b. 1860). *20. Prince Seyfollah Mirza (b. 6/3/1864; d. 1926), Colonel in Russian army, later served as the chief of

intendant An intendant (; pt, intendente ; es, intendente ) was, and sometimes still is, a public official, especially in France, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America. The intendancy system was a centralizing administrative system developed in France. In ...

service in the army of Azerbaijan *21. (by Mehr Farid Khanom) Prince Amirkhan Mirza (b. ca. 1864). *22. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Prince Imamverdi Mirza (b. ca. 1864), returned to Iran. *23. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Prince Khan Alam Mirza (b. ca. 1865). *24. Prince Allahverdi Mirza (b. ca. 1866). *25. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Prince Keyqobad Mirza (1867-1923). *26. (by Chickek Khanom) Prince Qolam Shah Mirza (b. 1867; d. 1918). *27. (by Chichek Khanom) Prince Shah Qoli Mirza (b. 1871). *28. (by Chichek Khanom) Prince Mohammad Mirza Qajar aka Mamed Qoli Mirza (b. 1872; d. 1920), Major-General in Russian army. *29. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Prince Ardashir Mirza (b. 1875). *30. Prince Seyf ol-Malek Mirza. *31. (by Khandan Khanom) Prince Sahebgharan Mirza, returned to Iran and became 1903 Chamberlain-in-Control of

. His daughters known by name in order of seniority: *1. (by Malek Soltan Khanom) Princess Mariyam Saltanat Khanom (b. 1836; d. 27 Feb 1866). *2. Princess Azari Homayoun Khanom "Shahzadeh Khanom" (b. ca. 1838). *3. (by Shams-e Jahan Khanom) Princess Rowshandeh Soltan Khanom (b. ca. 1846). *4. Princess Qizikhanim Khanom "Tadj ol-Molouk" (b. 1847 in Tabriz). *5. Princess Sabiyeh Khanom, founder of the Nizamiyeh Pushkin Library in Ganja. *6. Princess Nawab Agha Khanom. *7. Princess Malek-Sifagh Khanom. *8. (by Mehr Farid Khanom) Princess Zarri Khanom (b. 1864; d. 1943). *9. (by Mehr Farid Khanom) Princess Khorshid Khanom. *10. (by Mehr Farid Khanom) Princess Khanzadeh Khanom. *11. Princess Keykab Khanom. *12. (by Mehr Farid Khanom) Princess Abbaseh Khanom (b. 6 Oct 1865). *13. Princess Noor Jahan Khanom (b. 1868; d. 1955). *14. Princess Turan Khanom. *15. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Princess Ashraf Khanom. *16. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Princess Manzar Khanom. *17. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Princess Bahdjat Khanom. *18. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Princess Noor al-Ain Khanom. *19. (by Kuchek Barda Khanom) Princess Firuzeh Khanom. *20. Princess Fakhr os-Soltan Khanom. *21. Princess Shahzdi Khanom.

Some of Bahman Mirza's remarkable sons and grandsons in recent Iranian, Russian and Azerbaijani history

*Reza Qoli Mirza, the Tsar's fliegel-adjutant, who arranged the family's return to Iran with his cousin

. *Mahmoud Mirza, who participated in the Russian-Japanese war in 1905 and moved from

Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...

to Iran to train the Persian army. *Mohammad Ali Mirza "Sho’a os-Soltan", "Amir Touman" and commander-in-chief of the Cossack division in Isfahan. *Seyf od-Din Mirza "Ehtebar ol-Molk", son of Mahmoud Mirza, a high-ranking official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and confidant of

Ahmad Shah Qajar Ahmad Shah Qajar ( fa, احمد شاه قاجار; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty. Ahmad Shah was born in Tabriz on 21 Janu ...

, Dr.

Mohammad Mossadegh Mohammad Mosaddegh ( fa, محمد مصدق, ; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, after appointment by the 16th Majlis. He was a member of ...

and Rahimzadeh Safavi. *Khosrow Mirza Bahman, son of Amanollah Mirza, graduated the University of St. Petersburg as engineer, one of the founding members and leading employees of the Iranian Railway System. *Parvis Mirza Bahman, son of Amanollah Mirza, engineer and another founding member and leading employee of the Iranian Railway System. *Dr. Hamid Mirza Bahman, son of Mohammad Mirza, a popular lawyer. * H.E. Ali Akbar Bahman, Iranian Minister of Trade and Commerce, Ambassador to Egypt and to Afghanistan and high-ranking employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. *Ali Asghar Bahman, high-ranking employee in the Ministry of Post, Telegraph and Telephone. *Dr. Abbas Mirza Bahman, long-time president of the Basketball-Federation. *Asghar Mirza Bahman-Ghajar, poet and researcher in the course of agriculture and authorised expert for the Ministry of Justice. *

Feyzullah Mirza Qajar Feyzullah Mirza Qajar (russian: Фейзулла Мирза Каджар; fa, فیض الله میرزا قاجار; az, Feyzulla Mirzə Qacar) also Fazullah-Mirza Qajar (russian: Фазулла-Мирза-Каджар; fa, فضل الله م� ...

, major-general in the Russian imperial army, and commander of

Ganja Ganja (, ; ) is one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for marijuana. Its usage in English dates to before 1689. Etymology ''Ganja'' is borrowed from Hindi/Urdu ( hi, गांजा, links=no, ur, , links=no, IPA: �aːɲd� ...

garrison in the army of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.

References

Sources

* * * * * * * * * *

External links

The Bahman (Qajar) AncestorsInternational Qajar Studies Association
{{DEFAULTSORT:Qajar, Bahman Mirza Bahman Mirza 1810 births 1883 deaths Politicians from Tehran 19th-century Iranian politicians Iranian emigrants to the Russian Empire Nobility from the Russian Empire History of Azerbaijan (Iran) History of Ardabil Qajar governors History of Tehran History of Hamadan Province Bahmani family