Baghdad Khatun ( fa, بغداد خاتون; died 16 December 1335) (lit. Queen Baghdad), was a Chobanid princess, the daughter of
Chupan
Amir Chūpān ( fa, امیر چوپان; died November 1327), also spelt Choban or Coban, was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate, and nominal general of the Mongol Empire. He was ennobled by Emperor Taiding of Yuan as Duke of Yi (翊國公).
Bac ...
. She was the
Empress consort of the
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, ...
as the wife of
Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan
Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan (June 2, 1305 – December 1, 1335) (Persian, Arabic: ), also spelt Abusaid Bahador Khan, Abu Sa'id Behauder ( mn, , ''Busayid Baghatur Khan'', ''Бусайд баатар хаан'' / ''Busaid baatar khaan'', in moder ...
.
Family
Baghdad Khatun was the daughter of Amir
Chupan
Amir Chūpān ( fa, امیر چوپان; died November 1327), also spelt Choban or Coban, was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate, and nominal general of the Mongol Empire. He was ennobled by Emperor Taiding of Yuan as Duke of Yi (翊國公).
Bac ...
, who was the leading Mongol amir of the Ilkhanid period. She had four full brothers
Hasan,
Demasq Kaja
Demasq Kaja (died August 25, 1327) was a member of the Chobanid family during the middle of the fourteenth century. He was the son of Coban.
During the 1320s, Coban accumulated a great deal of power as an amir of the Ilkhanate. While technicall ...
,
Timurtash
Ala ud-Din Timurtash (died 1328; also Temürtaš or Timür-Tash, tr, Demirtaş Noyan) was a member of the Chupanid family who dominated politics in the final years of the Ilkhanate.
Early life
He was born to Chupan as his second son . Timurtas ...
and
Shaikh Mahmoud.
Marriages
Hasan Buzurg
In 1323, Baghdad Khatun married Amir Shaikh
Hasan Buzurg
Shaikh Hasan (), also known as "Hasan Buzurg" ("Hasan The Great"), Hassan the Jalair or Hassan-e Uljatâï was the first of several de facto independent Jalayirid rulers of Iraq and central Iran.
Early years
He was born to Amir Husain Jalayir a ...
, the son of Amir Husayn Kurkan, the son of Amir Aq Buqa Jalayir. In 1325 Abu Sa'id, at the aged twenty, fell in love with Baghdad and wanted to marry her, although she was married to Shaikh Hasan. He requested her hand from her father Chupan through intermediaries. At that time it was understood that according to the Genggisid
law any woman sought by the Khan was to be given a divorce by her husband and sent to the emperor's harem.
On the other hand, Chupan did not obey Abu Sa'id's order in the case of his own daughter. In fact, Chupan did not refuse his order openly, but he put him off. He sent his daughter and son-in-law to
Qarabagh and Abu Sa'id to
Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...
for the winter. But after the winter, Chupan did not give any answer to Abu Sa'id and in order to relive the situation, he realized that the best course of action was for him to absent himself from the emperor's court for a few days. When he went, he took vizier Giyath al-Mulk and other amirs, which provoked the Sultan against him.
When Chupan left for
Khurasan
Greater Khorāsān,Dabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed. Tehran, Zavvâr: 1375 (Solar Hijri Calendar) 235–236 or Khorāsān ( pal, Xwarāsān; fa, خراسان ), is a historical eastern region in the Iranian Plate ...
, the rival amirs
instigated the Abu Sa'id against Chupan's son Dimasq Kaja, and had him executed in 1327. After the execution of his son, Chupan spoke reproachfully about Abu Sa'id, and in a
combat with his soldiers he was killed.
Abu Sa'id
After Chupan, there was no hindrance for Abu Sa‘id to marry Baghdad. This time, he sent Qazi to ask Baghdad form her husband Hasan. Bagdad was divorced and married by Abu Sa'id. After her marriage, Baghdad began to take an active part in all administrative and fiscal affairs. Abu Said gave her very rich yarlighs, it means besides her political power, she had also very rich economic resources. She became very effective in political matters with vizier Giyath al-Din Mahmud Rashidi. She took revenge of her father and her brother. By using this opportunity she executed enemies of her father and her brothers. Abu Sa'id's mother, Hajji Khatun regarded Baghdad as a rival to her influence over Abu Sa'id.
She received the title Khodawandigar (Great lord). Using her power, Baghdad Khatun prevented the marriage of Chupan's widow Korducin Khatun to Malik Ghiyath ud-Din of Herat, who had murdered her father in 1327. She had also managed to gain respectful treatment of her stepmother
Sati Beg Sati Beg ( 1316–1345) was an Ilkhanid princess, the sister of Il-Khan Abu Sa'id (r. 1316–1333). She was the consort of ''amir'' Chupan (1319–1327), Il-Khan Arpa (r. 1335–36), and Il-Khan Suleiman (r. 1339–1343). In 1338– ...
Khatun and Sati's son Surgan.
In 1331-32, it was said that Baghdad Khatun and her former husband Shaikh Hasan met secretly, and even made a plan to kill Abu Sa'id. One year later, it was understood that this was only gossip, but this event curbed their power and he was appointed as governor of
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...
. During this time, Abu Sa'id fell in love with
Dilshad Khatun
Dilshad Khatun ( fa, دلشاد خاتون; died 27 December 1351) (lit. Queen Dilshad)(meaning 'Happy Hearted'), also Delshad, was a Chobanid princess. She was the wife of Ilkhan Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, and after him Hasan Buzurg, the first rule ...
, Baghdad's niece, the daughter of Dimasq Kaja and granddaughter of Chupan. He divorced Baghdad and married her in 1333. Baghdad lost her power and authority to a great extent. At the end of life, he was not happy with his wives, but loved Dilshad very much. Therefore, Baghdad became very jealous.
Death
After Abu Sa'id's death in 1335,
Arpa Ke'un
Arpa Ke'un, also known as Arpa Khan or Gavon or Gawon (; died 1336), was an Ilkhan (1335–1336) during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate, Mongol state in Southwest Asia based in Persia.
Life
Not much is known on Arpa's earlier life, except ...
was crowned on the Ilkhanid realm but Baghdad did not obeyed him and he executed her with the pretext of her secret alliance with the enemy
Öz Beg Khan
Öz is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Doğan Öz (1934–1978), Turkish prosecutor assassinated during his investigation of the Turkish deep state.
* Emanuel Öz (born 1979), Swedish politician
* Mehmet Öz
Meh ...
and poisoning of Abu Sa'id. She was beaten to death by Khwaja Lulu, a Greek slave in the bath on 16 December 1335.
References
Sources
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagdad Katun
1335 deaths
Chobanids
Year of birth unknown
14th-century women
Princesses
Mongol empresses
People of the Ilkhanate
14th-century Muslims
Murdered royalty
Deaths by beating