Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''BOP1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
It is a
WD40 repeat
The WD40 repeat (also known as the WD or beta-transducin repeat) is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. Tandem copies of these repeats typically fold togethe ...
-containing
nucleolar
The nucleolus (, plural: nucleoli ) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is best known as the site of ribosome biogenesis, which is the synthesis of ribosomes. The nucleolus also participates in the formation of sign ...
protein involved in rRNA processing, thereby controlling the
cell cycle.
It is required for the maturation of the 25S and 5.8S
ribosomal RNAs. It may serve as an essential factor in
ribosome
Ribosomes ( ) are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to ...
formation that coordinates processing of the spacer regions in pre-rRNA. The Pes1-Bop1
complex has several components: BOP1,
GRWD1
Glutamate-rich WD repeat-containing protein 1 is a WD40 repeat protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GRWD1'' gene. It localizes to the nucleus and has known functions in regulating chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein foun ...
,
PES1
Pescadillo homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PES1'' gene.
This gene encodes a protein that is abnormally elevated in malignant tumors of astrocytic origin. It is a strongly conserved gene containing a BRCT domain that is esse ...
,
ORC6L, and
RPL3
60S ribosomal protein L3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RPL3'' gene.
Function
Ribosomes, the complexes that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are co ...
and is involved in ribosome
biogenesis and altered
chromosome segregation
Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation ...
. The overexpression of BOP1 increases the percentage of
multipolar spindles in
human cells. Deregulation of the BOP1 pathway may contribute to colorectal tumourigenesis in
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...
s.
Elevated levels of Bop1 induces Bop1/WDR12 and Bop1/Pes1 subcomplexes and the assembly and integrity of the PeBoW complex is highly sensitive to changes in Bop1 protein levels.
Nop7p-
Erb1p-Ytm1p, found in yeast, is potentially the
homologous complex of Pes1-Bop1-WDR12 as it is involved in the control of ribosome biogenesis and
S phase
S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during ...
entry. The integrity of the PeBoW complex is required for ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation in
mammalia
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur o ...
n
cells
Cell most often refers to:
* Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life
Cell may also refer to:
Locations
* Monastic cell, a small room, hut, or cave in which a religious recluse lives, alternatively the small precursor of a monastery w ...
.
In Giardia, the
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
specific
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present in the cytoplasm of all cells, including those of bacteria and archaea. In eukaryotes, it extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and is compos ...
protein, beta-giardin,
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
s with Bop1.
Structure
BOP1 contains a conserved
N-terminal
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the ami ...
domain, BOP1NT.
References
External links
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Further reading
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Protein domains
{{gene-8-stub