subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

rue ''Ruta graveolens'', commonly known as rue, common rue or herb-of-grace, is a species of ''Ruta'' grown as an ornamental plant and herb. It is native to the Balkan Peninsula. It is grown throughout the world in gardens, especially for its bluis ...

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Derm ...

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscil ...

Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologica ...

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;;;;; ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Polynesia Polynesia () "many" and νῆσος () "island"), to, Polinisia; mi, Porinihia; haw, Polenekia; fj, Polinisia; sm, Polenisia; rar, Porinetia; ty, Pōrīnetia; tvl, Polenisia; tkl, Polenihia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of ...

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

bael Bael may refer to: *''Aegle marmelos'', commonly known as the Bael tree *Bael (demon) * Bael (wrestler) See also * Baal (disambiguation) * Bail (disambiguation) Bail is the conditional release of an arrested person prior to their trial, or the mo ...

Murraya ''Murraya'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.curry tree (''M. koenigii'') and orange jessamine (''M. paniculata''), and the small genus ''

Clausena ''Clausena'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It was first defined by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. It is distributed in Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

''.

Description

Aurantioideae are smallish

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s or large

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s, or rarely

liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ta ...

s. Their flowers are typically white and fragrant. Their fruit are very characteristic hesperidia, usually of rounded shape and colored in green, yellowish or orange hues.

Taxonomy

The subfamily has been divided into two

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

s, the ancestral

Clauseneae Clauseneae is one of the two tribes of the flowering plant family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, the other being Citreae, which includes ''Citrus''. References * Wight A wight (Old English: ''wiht'') is a mythical sentient being, ofte ...

and the more advanced

Citreae Citreae is one of the two tribes of the flowering plant family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, the other being Clauseneae. Subtribes and genera Three sub-tribes are included: * Triphasiinae ** '' Luvunga'' Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn. ** '' ...

, as in a 1967 classification. A 2021 classification by Appelhans et al. based on a

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study of almost 90% of the genera of the family Rutaceae places about 27 genera in the subfamily, stating that it was not yet feasible to produce a division into tribes. Other sources vary in the precise genera they accept.

Genera

Genera placed in Aurantioideae in Appelhans et al.'s 2021 classification of the Rutaceae into subfamilies are: *''

Aegle Aegle may refer to: * Aegle (mythology), a number of characters from Greek mythology * 96 Aegle Aegle ( minor planet designation: 96 Aegle) is a carbonaceous asteroid and the namesake of the Aegle family located in the outer regions of the ast ...

'' Corrêa *''

Aeglopsis ''Aeglopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. Its native range is Tropical Africa Although tropical Africa is mostly familiar to the West for its rainforests, this biogeographic realm of Africa is far more d ...

'' Swingle *''

Afraegle ''Afraegle'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. Its native range is Western and Western Central Tropical Africa. . Species: * '' Afraegle mildbraedii'' Engl. * ''Afraegle paniculata ''Afraegle'' is a genus of f ...

'' Engl. *''

Atalantia ''Atalantia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, the Rutaceae.Swingle, W. T., rev. P. C. ReeceChapter 3: The Botany of ''Citrus'' and its Wild Relatives.In: ''The Citrus Industry'' vol. 1. Webber, H. J. (ed.). Berkeley: Universit ...

'' Corrêa *'' Balsamocitrus'' Stapf *''

Bergera ''Bergera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae. It has been included in ''Murraya'' as ''M.'' sect. ''Bergera''. Species that may be placed in the genus are native from India through southeast Asia eastwards to China and Taiwa ...

'' J.Koenig ex L. – may be included in ''

Murraya ''Murraya'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. *''

Burkillanthus ''Burkillanthus'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae, containing the single species ''Burkillanthus malaccensis''. It is native to Sumatra in Indonesia. It is also native to the Malay Peninsula and Sarawak i ...

'' Swingle *''

Citropsis ''Citropsis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. They are known generally as African cherry oranges.Swingle, W. T., rev. P. C. ReeceChapter 3: The Botany of ''Citrus'' and its Wild Relatives. In: ''The Citrus Industry' ...

'' (Engl.) Swingle & M.Kellerm. – cherry oranges *''

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

'' L. – citrus fruits (including ''Eremocitrus'', ''Microcitrus'' and ''

Poncirus The trifoliate orange, ''Citrus trifoliata'' or ''Poncirus trifoliata'', is a member of the family Rutaceae. Whether the trifoliate oranges should be considered to belong to their own genus, ''Poncirus'', or be included in the genus ''Citrus'' is ...

'') *''

Clausena ''Clausena'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It was first defined by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. It is distributed in Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

'' Burm.f. *'' Feroniella'' Swingle – may be included in ''

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

'' *''

Glycosmis ''Glycosmis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae and tribe Clauseneae.''Gly ...

'' Corrêa *''

Limnocitrus ''Limnocitrus'' is a genus of plant in the family Rutaceae with one species, ''Limnocitrus littoralis''. It is native to Vietnam and Indonesia, where it is found on the island of Java in Jepara. In traditional Vietnamese medicine different parts ...

'' Swingle – may be included in ''

Pleiospermium ''Pleiospermium'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. Species , Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimat ...

'' *'' Limonia'' L. – curd fruit *''

Luvunga ''Luvunga'' is an Asian genus of plants in the family Rutaceae: tribe Citreae. Species The Catalogue of Life lists: * '' Luvunga angustifolia'' * '' Luvunga borneensis'' * '' Luvunga calophylla'' * ''Luvunga crassifolia'' * '' Luvunga eleutheran ...

'' Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn. *'' Merope'' M.Roem. *''

Merrillia ''Merrillia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae, containing the single species ''Merrillia caloxylon''. Its English language common names include flowering merrillia, katinga, and Malay lemon. In Malaysia it ...

'' Swingle *'' Micromelum'' Blume *''

Monanthocitrus ''Monanthocitrus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. General common names for the genus include spotseed-lime and monanthocitrus.Swingle, W. T., rev. P. C. ReeceChapter 3: The Botany of ''Citrus'' and its Wild Relativ ...

'' Tanaka *''

Murraya ''Murraya'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.Naringi'' Adans. *'' Pamburus'' Swingle *'' Paramignya'' Wight *''

Pleiospermium ''Pleiospermium'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. Species , Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimat ...

'' Swingle *''

Swinglea ''Swinglea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. It only contains a single species, ''Swinglea glutinosa''. It is native to the Philippines. The genus name of ''Swinglea'' is in honour of Walter Tennyson Sw ...

'' Merr. *''

Triphasia ''Triphasia'' is a small genus of three species in the family Rutaceae, related to ''Citrus''. The genus is native to southeastern Asia and New Guinea.Germplasm Resources Information Network''Triphasia''Huxley, A, ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary ...

'' Lour. *'' Wenzelia'' Merr. Genera that are not listed by Appelhans et al. include: * '' Clymenia'' Swingle – may be included in ''

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

''

References

Bibliography

* de Araújo, E. Freitas; de Queiroz, L. Paganucci & Machado, M.A. (2003): What is ''Citrus''? Taxonomic implications from a study of cp-DNA evolution in the tribe Citreae (Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae). ''Organisms Diversity & Evolution'' 3(1): 55-62. (HTML abstract) {{Taxonbar, from=Q663700 Rosid subfamilies