August Horislav Škultéty
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August Horislav Škultéty ( hu, Skultéty Ágost Horislaw; August 7, 1819 – May 29, 1892) was a Slovak writer,
pedagogue Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken ...
, and ethnographer, and the director of the first Slovak high school in
Revúca Revúca (; formerly ''Veľká Revúca'' in Slovak; german: Groß-Rauschenbach; hu, Nagyrőce) is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District. Etymology The name is of Slovak origin and was initially th ...
.


Early years and career

August Horislav Škultéty was born in
Veľký Krtíš Veľký Krtíš (before 1927 ''Veľký Krtýš'', hu, Nagykürtös) is a town in middle Slovakia, situated in the historical Novohrad region. The town's most important economic sectors are mining and agriculture. Etymology The name is of Hungari ...
and attended basic school in
Tisovec Tisovec ( hu, Tiszolc, german: Theissholz or ''Theissholcz'', Latin: ''Taxovia'') is a town in central Slovakia. Its population is around 4,000. Location and landscape Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foot of the ...
. From 1833 to 1836 he attended lower secondary school at the Lutheran Lyceum in
Banská Štiavnica Banská Štiavnica (; german: Schemnitz; hu, Selmecbánya (Selmec), ) is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. For its size, the caldera is known as the Štiavnica Mountai ...
and graduated from the Lutheran high school in
Kežmarok Kežmarok (german: Kesmark or ; hu, Késmárk, yi, קעזמאַרק, Kezmark, pl, Kieżmark) is a town in the Spiš region of eastern Slovakia (population 16,000), on the Poprad River. Prior to World War I, it was in Szepes county in the ...
. During 1836–1839, he studied theology at the Lutheran Seminary in
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...
. Beginning in 1839 he was assistant of the professor
Juraj Palkovič Juraj is a given name used in a number of Slavic languages, including Czech, Slovak, and Croatian. Pronounced "You-rye" but with a trilled r. The English equivalent of the name is George. Notable people * Juraj Chmiel, Czech diplomat and politici ...
at the Department of Czech and Slovak Speech and Literature, Lutheran Seminary in
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...
. He was a chaplain of
Tisovec Tisovec ( hu, Tiszolc, german: Theissholz or ''Theissholcz'', Latin: ''Taxovia'') is a town in central Slovakia. Its population is around 4,000. Location and landscape Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foot of the ...
in the years 1841–1848, under Pavol Jozeffy's superintendency. From 1847/48 to 1850 he served as a priest in
Dlhá Ves Dlhá Ves () is a village and municipality in the Rožňava District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia. History In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1332. Geography The village lies at an altitude of 330 metres and cov ...
and from 1850 to 1861 in Rozložná. He moved to the first Slovak-language
high school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
, which was created in
Revúca Revúca (; formerly ''Veľká Revúca'' in Slovak; german: Groß-Rauschenbach; hu, Nagyrőce) is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District. Etymology The name is of Slovak origin and was initially th ...
, where he worked from 1862 to 1874. From 1875 to 1891 he was a priest in Kraskovo, where he died in 1892. During his stay in
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...
, he actively promoted the use of Slovak in secondary schools as well as Protestant universities. Škultéty played an important role in the development of the Department of Czech and Slovak at the Lutheran Seminary. During his stay in
Tisovec Tisovec ( hu, Tiszolc, german: Theissholz or ''Theissholcz'', Latin: ''Taxovia'') is a town in central Slovakia. Its population is around 4,000. Location and landscape Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foot of the ...
he belonged to the founders of a public reading circle and a church library. In 1847 the Lutheran Seminary in Bratislava had been closed by Hungarian authorities. In the revolutionary years of 1848–1849, he was arrested and examined by Hungarian authorities at court in Plešivec because of his literal and political struggle for the development of the national life of Slovaks. He became a member of the committee for the establishment of the first Slovak
high school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper seconda ...
in
Revúca Revúca (; formerly ''Veľká Revúca'' in Slovak; german: Groß-Rauschenbach; hu, Nagyrőce) is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District. Etymology The name is of Slovak origin and was initially th ...
, opened on September 16, 1862. He worked there as a professor of religion, and later as director. Under his guidance, the institute became an important center of Slovak education and this fact caused permanent attacks of
Magyarisation Magyarization ( , also ''Hungarization'', ''Hungarianization''; hu, magyarosítás), after "Magyar"—the Hungarian autonym—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals living in Austro-Hungarian Transleithani ...
school policy, which peaked in 1874, when the school was closed by the Hungarian authorities.


Literary works

His literal work significantly developed Slovak literature, education and
pedagogy Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken ...
, particularly for children and
youth Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood ( maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Yo ...
. In 1840, he published his collection of poetry, named ''Básne'', as the first person from the Štúr generation. ''Zábavník pre dietky'' was the first original literary work for children written in Slovak. Then in 1850 and 1855 Škultéty's two text books ''Rečňovanka pre Slovenskje školi'' were issued, which affected the patriotic,
linguistic Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...
and
aesthetic Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines aesthetic values, often expressed t ...
education in Slovak
schools A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compulsor ...
. He collected and transcribed Slovak folk fairy tales together with
Štefan Marko Daxner Štefan Marko Daxner, hu, tóth-zabari Daxner István Márk (22 December 1822, Tiszolcz (german: Theißholz, sk, Tisovec), Gömör-Kis-Hont, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire 11 April 1891, Tiszolc, Kingdom of Hungary) was an ethnic Slo ...
and Čipka, and these were preserved in the Codex Tisovský, one of the main sources of Škultéty and Dobšinský's ''Slovenské povesti'' (Slovak Tales, 1858–1861). Altogether he is an author of 14 textbooks, but the vast majority of them remained in
manuscript A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand – or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten – as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced i ...
form.


Legacy

Libraries in
Veľký Krtíš Veľký Krtíš (before 1927 ''Veľký Krtýš'', hu, Nagykürtös) is a town in middle Slovakia, situated in the historical Novohrad region. The town's most important economic sectors are mining and agriculture. Etymology The name is of Hungari ...
and in
Tisovec Tisovec ( hu, Tiszolc, german: Theissholz or ''Theissholcz'', Latin: ''Taxovia'') is a town in central Slovakia. Its population is around 4,000. Location and landscape Tisovec is situated in the valley of the river Rimava, at the foot of the ...
are named after him.Mestská knižnica Augusta Horislava Škultétyho, Tisovec
/ref> August Horislav Škultéty High School in Veľký Krtíš was also named in his honor.


Explanatory notes


References

;Citations ;Bibliography * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Skultety, August Slovak children's writers Slovak educators 1819 births 1892 deaths