Ashur-resh-ishi I
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Aššur-rēša-iši I, inscribed m''aš-šur-''SAG''-i-ši'' and meaning “
Aššur Aššur (; Sumerian: AN.ŠAR2KI, Assyrian cuneiform: ''Aš-šurKI'', "City of God Aššur"; syr, ܐܫܘܪ ''Āšūr''; Old Persian ''Aθur'', fa, آشور: ''Āšūr''; he, אַשּׁוּר, ', ar, اشور), also known as Ashur and Qal ...
has lifted my head,” ruled 1132–1115 BC, son of
Mutakkil-Nusku Mutakkil-Nusku, inscribed m''mu-ta''/''tak-kil-''dPA.KU, "he whom Nusku endows with confidence," was king of Assyria Assyria ( Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , romanized: ''māt Aššur''; syc, ܐܬܘܪ, ʾāthor) was a major ancient Mesopotamian ...
, was a king of
Assyria Assyria ( Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , romanized: ''māt Aššur''; syc, ܐܬܘܪ, ʾāthor) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state at times controlling regional territories in the indigenous lands of the ...
, the 86th to appear on the Assyrian King ListAssyrian King List’s: Nassouhi, iv 4, 6; Khorsabad, iii 37, 39; SDAS, iii 23, 25. and ruled for 18 years.On king list: 18 MUmeš ''šarru-ta īpuš''. The ''Synchronistic King List''''Synchronistic King List'', tablet excavation number Ass. 14616c (KAV 216), ii 14–16. and its fragmentary copies''Synchronistic King List'' fragment, tablet VAT 11261 (KAV 10), i 5.''Synchronistic King List'' fragment, tablet VAT 11338 (KAV 12), 3f. give him as a contemporary of the Babylonian kings Ninurta-nādin-šumi,
Nebuchadnezzar I Nebuchadnezzar I or Nebuchadrezzar I (), reigned 1121–1100 BC, was the fourth king of the Second Dynasty of Isin and Fourth Dynasty of Babylon. He ruled for 22 years according to the ''Babylonian King List C'', and was the most prominent monarc ...
and Enlil-nādin-apli, although the last of these is unlikely per the commonly accepted chronology.


Biography

His royal titles included “merciless hero in battle, crusher of the enemies of Aššur, strong shackle binding the insubmissive, one who puts the insubordinate to flight, …murderer of the extensive army of the Ahlamȗ (and) scatterer of their forces, the one who … defeats the lands of the Lullubû, all the Qutu and their entire mountainous region and subdues them at his feet…” He styled himself ''mutēr gimilli māt Aššur'', “avenger of Assyria,” and seems to have directed his earlier campaigns to the east, as a broken chronicleAssyrian Chronicle Fragment 3, known as the “Chronicle of Aššur-reš-iši.” records his campaign staged from Erbil into the disputed Zagros mountains where his shock troops (''ḫurādu'') encountered the Babylonian king Ninurta-nādin-šumi, here called Ninurta-nādin-''šumāti'', whose forces characteristically “fled,” a recurring motif in Assyrian accounts of their relationship with their southern neighbour. Pressures from the west, however, were to draw Aššur-rēša-iši’s attention, and that of his successors’, as the widespread (''rapšāti'') hordes of Ahlamȗ nomadic tribesmen were driven by the deprivations of climate change into the Assyrian hinterland. Here he may also have encountered Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur, who like him claimed victories against the
Amorite The Amorites (; sux, 𒈥𒌅, MAR.TU; Akkadian: 𒀀𒈬𒊒𒌝 or 𒋾𒀉𒉡𒌝/𒊎 ; he, אֱמוֹרִי, 'Ĕmōrī; grc, Ἀμορραῖοι) were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking people from the Levant who also occupied la ...
lands and the Lullubû.Kudurru BM 90858, BBSt 6 grant to LAK-ti Marduk. The ''Synchronistic History''''Synchronistic History'', ii 1–13. has a lengthy passage concerning his conflicts with Nebuchadnezzar I. Initially they established an amicable relationship. However the Babylonian king subsequently besieged the Assyrian fortress of Zanqi and when Aššur-rēša-iši approached with his relief force, Nebuchadnezzar I torched his siege engines (''nēpešū'') to prevent their capture and withdrew. On a second campaign, he laid siege to the fortress of Idi and the arrival of the Assyrian army resulted in a pitched battle in which he “brought about his total defeat, slaughtered his troops and carried off his camp. Forty of his chariots with harness were taken away and Karaštu, Nebuchadnezzar I's field-marshal, was captured.” The later king Šulmānu-ašarēdu III credited him with rebuilding the city wall of
Assur Aššur (; Sumerian: AN.ŠAR2KI, Assyrian cuneiform: ''Aš-šurKI'', "City of God Aššur"; syr, ܐܫܘܪ ''Āšūr''; Old Persian ''Aθur'', fa, آشور: ''Āšūr''; he, אַשּׁוּר, ', ar, اشور), also known as Ashur and Qal ...
in his own rededication. His own brick inscriptions from the same city identify him as builder of the temple of the gods
Adad Hadad ( uga, ), Haddad, Adad ( Akkadian: 𒀭𒅎 '' DIM'', pronounced as ''Adād''), or Iškur ( Sumerian) was the storm and rain god in the Canaanite and ancient Mesopotamian religions. He was attested in Ebla as "Hadda" in c. 2500 BCE. ...
and An,
Ištar Inanna, also sux, 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾, nin-an-na, label=none is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with beauty, sex, divine justice, and political power. She was originally worshiped in Su ...
of Assyria and Aššur. He built a palace in Bumariyah, ancient ''Apqu ša Adad'', as witnessed by a baked brick inscription. His most significant construction efforts were witnessed at his capital, Nineveh, the location of his palace, the ''Egalšaḫulla'' (“The Palace of Joyfulness”), where he rebuilt the tower-gates of the temple of
Ishtar Inanna, also sux, 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾, nin-an-na, label=none is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with beauty, sex, divine justice, and political power. She was originally worshiped in Su ...
which had been damaged by earthquakes during the earlier reigns of Šulmānu-ašarēdu I (c. 1274–1245 BC) and Aššur-dān I (c. 1179 to 1134 BC), the latter being his grandfather. These were flanked by monumental statues of lions. His palace edict concerning men fraternizing with palace women gives the penalty of execution, with silent witnesses considered a party to the event and punished by being thrown into an oven. The sequence of
limmu : Limmu was an Assyrian eponym. At the beginning of the reign of an Assyrian king, the limmu, an appointed royal official, would preside over the New Year festival at the capital. Each year a new limmu would be chosen. Although picked by lot, th ...
officials in the
eponym dating system The Eponym dating system was a calendar system for Assyria, for a period of over one thousand years. Every year was associated with the name, an eponym, of the Limmu, the official who led that year's New Year festival. The dating system is thought ...
is not known, as column 2 of the only extant list is damaged at this point. He was succeeded by his son, Tukultī-apil-Ešarra I.


Inscriptions


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ashur-Resh-Ishi 01 12th-century BC Assyrian kings