Ashikaga Mochiuji

Ashikaga Mochiuji (, 1398–1439) was the Kamakura-fu's fourth Kantō kubō during the Sengoku period (15th century) in Japan. During his long and troubled rule the relationship between the west and the east of the country reached an all-time low. Kamakura was finally attacked by ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshinori and retaken by force. Mochiuji and his eldest son Yoshihisa killed themselves to escape capture.

Biography

Mochiuji became ''Kubō'' while still a child after his father died suddenly of a disease. His violent and abrasive character from the beginning caused widespread resentment among his vassals. After disagreements with Mochiuji, his ''kanrei'' Uesugi Zenshū organized a rebellion against him (the so-called ''Zenshū no Ran'') with the aid of nearly half the ''daimyōs'' in the northern and eastern provinces. Thanks to this support, Zenshū could take Kamakura and Mochiuji had to flee. However, despite his pursuing goals similar to those of the shogunate, Zenshū was after all rebelling against his lord, so the shogunate had no choice but to send troops to stop him. In 1417, Zenshū and his allies found themselves surrounded at Tsurugaoka Hachimangū and Zenshū killed himself.

After this took place, Mochiuji attacked Zenshū's allies, which included families as the Oda and the Takeda, along with a few noble families from Musashi Province. The Ashikaga themselves thought Mochiuji's actions to be too much, and ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshinori in 1432 ordered his army to destroy Mochiuji. This led to Mochiuji and Yoshinori to battle it out during the Eikyō Rebellion in 1438. In the end, Yoshinori successfully put an end to Mochiuji's rebellion in 1439. Kamakura's ''Kubō'' committed seppuku at the temple of Yōan-ji, west of the city. The events in Kamakura however caused widespread resentment among Yoshinori's generals and one of them, Akamatsu Mitsusuke, murdered him in revenge.

Yōan-ji

The road that in Kamakura turns right before Zuisen-ji's ticket counter leads to a stele marking the spot where used to stand.Kamiya (2008:98-102) It was here that Mochiuji made his last stand against the shogunate, finally disemboweling himself to avoid the shame of being taken prisoner He is buried together with three other ''kubō'' in a small cemetery within Zuisen-ji (closed to the public). The stele reads:

When ''Kantō Kubō'' Ashikaga Ujimitsu died on January 11, 1398, he was given the posthumous name . His son Mitsukane built this temple and gave it his father's posthumous name. The temple's ''oshō'' Dombo Ushūō was a follower of Musō Soseki. On March 24, 1439, ''Kubō'' Mochiuji, a descendant of Ujimitsu, fought here against ''shōgun'' Yoshinori, was defeated and disemboweled himself. The temple was burned and never rebuilt. This is where it stood.

Erected by the Kamakuramachi Seinendan in March 1926

There is however also a 3.2 m stone traditionally supposed to be his grave also at Betsugan-ji, a former Ashikaga family temple in Ōmachi. On the stupa is carved the date 1439, the year of Mochiuji's death, however the tomb seems stylistically to belong rather to the precedent Kamakura period, and the attribution seems therefore dubious.

Mochiuji's eldest son Yoshihisa, 14 years old at the time, was also forced to kill himself at nearby Hōkoku-ji.History of Kamakura (3) – Ashikaga Era
Kamakura Today, accessed on July 25, 2009 His three younger sons however escaped to Nikkō and in 1440 were led by Yūki Ujitomo, head of the Yūki clan, to his castle in Koga, Shimōsa Province, and survived.Papinot (1972:37-38) When later his castle was attacked by the shogunate, they escaped. Two, Haruō-maru and Yasuō-maru, were caught and executed. The lone survivor, Mochiuji's fourth child Shigeuji, would later become the last ''Kantō kubō''.

See also

*Kantō kubō
* Kamakura – The Muromachi and Edo periods
*Uesugi Zenshū

Notes

References

*
* Papinot, E. (1910). "Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan." 1972 Printing. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Tokyo, .
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Mochiuji
1398 births
1439 deaths
People of Sengoku-period Japan
Mochiuji
1430s in Japan
15th-century Japanese people