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Army Group Centre (german: Heeresgruppe Mitte) was the name of two distinct strategic
German Army Group German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law ** ...
s that fought on the Eastern Front in
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
. The first Army Group Centre was created on 22 June 1941, as one of three
German Army The German Army (, "army") is the land component of the armed forces of Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German ''Bundeswehr'' together with the ''Marine'' (German Navy) and the ''Luftwaf ...
formations assigned to the
invasion of the Soviet Union Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named afte ...
(
Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named afte ...
). On 25 January 1945, after it was encircled in the Königsberg pocket, Army Group Centre was renamed
Army Group North Army Group North (german: Heeresgruppe Nord) was a German strategic formation, commanding a grouping of field armies during World War II. The German Army Group was subordinated to the ''Oberkommando des Heeres'' (OKH), the German army high comman ...
(), and
Army Group A Army Group A (Heeresgruppe A) was the name of several German Army Groups during World War II. During the Battle of France, the army group named Army Group A was composed of 45½ divisions, including 7 armored panzer divisions. It was responsibl ...
() became Army Group Centre. The latter formation retained its name until the end of the war in Europe on 11 May after VE Day.


Formation

The commander in chief on the formation of the Army Group Centre (22 June 1941) was
Fedor von Bock Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich Fedor von Bock (3 December 1880 – 4 May 1945) was a German who served in the German Army during the Second World War. Bock served as the commander of Army Group North during the Invasion of Poland ...
.


Order of battle at formation


Campaign and operational history


Operation Barbarossa

On 22 June 1941,
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
and its Axis allies launched their surprise offensive into the Soviet Union. Their armies, totaling over three million men, were to advance in three geographical directions. Army Group Centre's initial strategic goal was to defeat the Soviet armies in
Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
and occupy Smolensk. To accomplish this, the army group planned for a rapid advance using
Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg ( , ; from 'lightning' + 'war') is a word used to describe a surprise attack using a rapid, overwhelming force concentration that may consist of armored and motorized or mechanized infantry formations, together with close air ...
operational methods for which purpose it commanded two panzer groups rather than one. A quick and decisive victory over the Soviet Union was expected by mid-November. The Army Group's other operational missions were to support the army groups on its northern and southern flanks, the army group boundary for the later being the
Pripyat River The Pripyat or Prypiat ( , uk, Прип'ять, ; be, Прыпяць, translit=Prypiać}, ; pl, Prypeć, ; russian: Припять, ) is a river in Eastern Europe, approximately long. It flows east through Ukraine, Belarus, and Ukraine ag ...
. ;July 1941 order of battle :
3rd Panzer Group The 3rd Panzer Army (german: 3. Panzerarmee) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 3rd Panzer Group on 1 January 1942. 3rd Panzer Group The 3rd Panzer Group (german: Panzergruppe 3) was formed on 16 November ...
, 9th Army, 4th Army,
2nd Panzer Group The 2nd Panzer Army (german: 2. Panzerarmee) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 2nd Panzer Group on October 5, 1941. Organisation Panzer Group Guderian (german: Panzergruppe Guderian) was formed on 5 June 194 ...
, z. Vfg. 2nd Army ;August 1941 order of battle :3rd Panzer Group, 9th Army, 2nd Army, Panzer Group Guderian (2nd Panzer Group, with additional units) ;September 1941 order of battle :3rd Panzer Group, 9th Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Group, 2nd Army Bitter fighting in the Battle of Smolensk as well as the Lötzen decision delayed the German advance for two months. The advance of Army Group Centre was further delayed as
Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
ordered a postponement of the offensive against Moscow in order to conquer
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...
first.


Attack on Moscow

;October 1941 detailed order of battle * 2nd Army ( von Weichs) :* LIII Army Corps ( Weisenberger) ::56th ID, 31st ID, 167th ID :* LXIII Army Corps (Heinrici) ::52nd ID, 131st ID :*
XIII Army Corps XIII Army Corps (German: ''XIII. Armeekorps'') was a corps of the German Army during World War II. Made up of several divisions, which varied from time to time, it was formed in Nuremberg on 1 October 1937. Soon after the general mobilisation of ...
(Felber) ::260th ID, 17th ID Reserve: 112th ID * 2nd Panzer Army (Guderian) :* XXXIV Army Corps (Metz) ::45th ID, 134th ID :* XXXV Army Corps (Kempfe) ::95th ID, 296th ID, 262nd ID, 293rd ID :*
XLVIII Panzer Corps XXXXVIII Panzer Corps (also: XXXXVIII Army Corp or XXXXVIII. Armeekorps), was a corps-level formation of the German Army which saw extensive action on both the Eastern and Western Fronts during World War II. History The corps was originally ...
( Kempff) ::9th Pz, 16th Mot.Div., 25th Mot.Div. :*
XXIV Panzer Corps The XXIV Army Corps (german: XXIV. Armeekorps) was a unit of the German Army during World War II. The unit was re-designated several times; originally being ''Generalkommando der Grenztruppen Saarpfalz'', later ''Generalkommando XXIV. Armeekorps'', ...
(Geyer von Schweppenburg) ::3rd Pz, 4th Pz, 10th Mot.Div. :*
XLVII Panzer Corps XLVII Panzer Corps (also: 47th Panzer Corps or XXXXVII. ''Panzerkorps'' or XXXXVII Panzer Corps) was a panzer corps of the German Army in World War II that was formerly designated as XLVII Corps. Various formations of the corps fought in the Fren ...
(Lemelsen) ::17th Pz, 18th Pz, 29th Mot.Div. * 4th Army (von Kluge) :* VII Army Corps (Fahrmbacher) ::197th ID, 7th ID, 23rd ID, 267th ID :* XX Army Corps (Materna) ::268th ID, 15th, 78th ID :* IX Army Corps (Geyer) ::137th ID, 263rd ID, 183rd ID, 292nd ID :*
Panzer Group 4 The 4th Panzer Army (german: 4. Panzerarmee) (operating as Panzer Group 4 (german: 4. Panzergruppe) from its formation on 15 February 1941 to 1 January 1942, when it was redesignated as a full army) was a German panzer formation during World Wa ...
( Hoepner), Subordinated to 4th Army ::* XII Army Corps (Schroth) :::34th ID, 98th ID ::* XL Army Corps (Stumme) :::10th Pz, 2nd Pz, 258th ID ::* XLVI Panzer Corps (von Vietinghoff) ::5th Bz, 11th Pz, 251nd ID ::* LVII Panzer Corps (Kuntzen) :::20th Pz, SS "Das Reich" Mot.Div., 3rd Mot.Div. 52 * 9th Army ( Strauss) :* XXVII Army Corps (Wager) ::255th ID, 162nd ID, 86th ID :* V Army Corps (Ruoff) ::5th ID, 35th ID, 106th ID, 129th ID :* VIII Army Corps (Heitz) ::8th ID, 28th ID, 87th ID :* XXIII Army Corps ( Schubert) ::251st ID, 102nd ID, 256th ID, 206th ID ::161st ID (Reserve) :* Panzer Group 3 ( Hoth), Subordinated to 9th Army ::* LVI Panzer Corps ( Schaal) :::6th Pz, 7th Pz, 14th Mot.Div. ::* XLI Panzer Corps ( Reinhardt) :::1st Pz, 36th Mot.Div. ::* VI Army Corps (Forster) :::110th ID, 26th ID, 6th ID ;November 1941 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Group, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army The commander in chief as of 19 December 1941 was Günther von Kluge (for a short time before Christmas of 1941, this role was fulfilled by Günther Blumentritt).


Rzhev operations

1942 opened for Army Group Centre with continuing attacks from Soviet forces around Rzhev. The German Ninth Army was able to repel these attacks and stabilise its front, despite continuing large-scale partisan activity in its rear areas. Meanwhile, the German strategic focus on the Eastern Front shifted to southwestern Russia, with the launching of
Operation Blue Case Blue (German: ''Fall Blau'') was the German Armed Forces' plan for the 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942, during World War II. The objective was to capture the oil fields of the Cau ...
in June. This operation, aimed at the oilfields in the southwestern
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historica ...
, involved Army Group South alone, with the other German army groups giving up troops and equipment for the offensive. Despite the focus on the south, Army Group Centre continued to see fierce fighting throughout the year. While the Soviet attacks in early 1942 had not driven the Germans back, they had resulted in several Red Army units being trapped behind German lines. Eliminating the pockets took until July, the same month in which the Soviets made another attempt to break through the army group's front; the attempt failed, but the front line was pushed back closer to Rzhev. The largest Soviet operation in the army group's sector that year, Operation Mars, took place in November. It was launched concurrently with Operation Uranus, the counteroffensive against the German assault on
Stalingrad Volgograd ( rus, Волгогра́д, a=ru-Volgograd.ogg, p=vəɫɡɐˈɡrat), formerly Tsaritsyn (russian: Цари́цын, Tsarítsyn, label=none; ) (1589–1925), and Stalingrad (russian: Сталингра́д, Stalingrád, label=none; ) ...
. The operation was repulsed with very heavy Soviet losses, although it did have the effect of pinning down German units that could have been sent to the fighting around Stalingrad. ;January 1942 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army ;February 1942 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Panzer Army, 4th Army, 9th Army ;May 1942 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 9th Army


Campaign in central Russia

Following the disaster of Stalingrad and poor results of the Voronezh defensive operations, the
army high command The Army High Command (ACE) of Brazil is formed by the Army Commander and other army generals in active service. The country currently holds sixteen active 4-star generals, several of then in command posts, in addition to a post in the Ministry of ...
expected another attack on Army Group Centre in early 1943. However, Hitler had decided to strike first. Before this strike could be launched, Operation Büffel was launched to forestall any possible Soviet spring offensives, by evacuating the Rzhev Salient to shorten the frontline. ;January 1943 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 9th Army, LIX Army Corps The commander in chief as of 12 October 1943 was Ernst Busch. ;February 1943 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 9th Army


Belarusian anti-partisan campaign

The following major anti-partisan operations were conducted in the rear of Army Group Centre, alongside many smaller operations: *Operation ''Bamberg'': conducted 26 March 1942 – 6 April 1942 by the 707th Infantry Division supported by a
Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the ...
n regiment, south of Bobruisk. At least 5,000 people (including many civilians) were killed and agricultural produce was confiscated.Gerlach, p. 885 *Operation ''Fruhlingsfest'': conducted 17 April 1944 – 12 May 1944 in the area of
Polotsk Polotsk (russian: По́лоцк; be, По́лацк, translit=Polatsk (BGN/PCGN), Polack (official transliteration); lt, Polockas; pl, Połock) is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina River. It is the center of the Polotsk Dist ...
by units of ''Gruppe von Gottberg''. Around 7,000 deaths were recorded at the hands of German forces. *Operation ''Kormoran'': conducted 25 May 1944 – 17 June 1944 between
Minsk Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach (Berezina), Svislach and the now subterranean Nyamiha, Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative stat ...
and Borisov by German security units in the rear of Third Panzer Army. Around 7,500 deaths recorded. Increasing coordination of the partisan activity resulted in the conducting of Operation Concert against the German forces.


Operation Citadel

;March 1943 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army ;April 1943 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army, z. Vfg. ;July 1943 order of battle :2nd Panzer Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army


Wotan Line defensive campaign

;September 1943 order of battle :3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army ;November 1943 order of battle :3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army, armed forces commander east country ;January 1944 order of battle :3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army


Destruction of Army Group Centre

In the spring of 1944, ''
Stavka The ''Stavka'' (Russian and Ukrainian: Ставка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces formerly in the Russian Empire, Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine. In Imperial Russia ''Stavka'' referred to the administrative staff ...
'' started concentrating forces along the front line in central Russia for a summer offensive against Army Group Centre. The Red Army also carried out a deception campaign to convince the ''Wehrmacht'' that the main Soviet summer offensive would be launched further south, against Army Group North Ukraine. The German High Command was fooled and armored units were moved south out of Army Group Centre. The Soviet offensive, code-named
Operation Bagration Operation Bagration (; russian: Операция Багратио́н, Operatsiya Bagration) was the codename for the 1944 Soviet Byelorussian strategic offensive operation (russian: Белорусская наступательная оп ...
, was launched on 22 June 1944, the third anniversary of Germany's own invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa. 185 Red Army divisions, comprising 2.3 million soldiers and 4,000 tanks and assault guns, smashed into the German positions on a 200km-wide front. The 850,000-strong Army Group Centre was almost completely destroyed by the attack. It is estimated that over 450,000 Germans were killed, wounded, or captured, notably the 57,000 soldiers captured east of
Minsk Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach (Berezina), Svislach and the now subterranean Nyamiha, Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative stat ...
, who were paraded through Moscow on 17 July on Stalin's orders as proof of the immense success of the Soviet offensive. The Soviet forces raced forward, liberating Minsk and the rest of Belorussia by mid-July, and reaching the
Vistula The Vistula (; pl, Wisła, ) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest river in Europe, at in length. The drainage basin, reaching into three other nations, covers , of which is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in ...
and the
Baltic States The Baltic states, et, Balti riigid or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term, which currently is used to group three countries: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Union, the Eurozone ...
by early August. In terms of casualties this was the greatest German defeat of the entire war. The commander in chief of Army Group Centre as of 28 June 1944 was
Walter Model Otto Moritz Walter Model (; 24 January 1891 – 21 April 1945) was a German field marshal during World War II. Although he was a hard-driving, aggressive panzer commander early in the war, Model became best known as a practitioner of def ...
. ;July 1944 order of battle :3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army, 9th Army, z. Vfg. The commander in chief as of 16 August 1944 was Georg Hans Reinhardt. ;August 1944 order of battle :3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army,
IV SS Panzer Corps The IV SS Panzer Corps was a panzer corps of the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany which saw action on the Eastern Front and in the Balkans during World War II. History The Panzerkorps was formed in August 1943 in Poitiers, France. The formation wa ...


Defensive campaign in Poland and Slovakia

Discussion of the army group's situation in January 1945 should note that the army groups in the east changed names later that month. The force known as "Army Group Centre" at the start of the Soviet Vistula-Oder Offensive on 12 January 1945 was renamed "Army Group North" less than two weeks after the offensive commenced. At the start of the Vistula-Oder Offensive, the Soviet forces facing Army Group Centre outnumbered the Germans on average by 2:1 in troops, 3:1 in artillery, and 5.5:1 in tanks and self-propelled artillery.Ustinov, p. 114. The Soviet superiority in troop strength grows to almost 3:1 if 200,000
Volkssturm The (; "people's storm") was a levée en masse national militia established by Nazi Germany during the last months of World War II. It was not set up by the German Army, the ground component of the combined German ''Wehrmacht'' armed forces, ...
militia are not included in German personnel strength totals.


Defence of the Reich campaign

On 25 January 1945, Hitler renamed three army groups.
Army Group North Army Group North (german: Heeresgruppe Nord) was a German strategic formation, commanding a grouping of field armies during World War II. The German Army Group was subordinated to the ''Oberkommando des Heeres'' (OKH), the German army high comman ...
became Army Group Courland, Army Group Centre became Army Group North, and
Army Group A Army Group A (Heeresgruppe A) was the name of several German Army Groups during World War II. During the Battle of France, the army group named Army Group A was composed of 45½ divisions, including 7 armored panzer divisions. It was responsibl ...
became Army Group Centre. Army Group Centre fought in the defence of Slovakia and Bohemia-Moravia as well as sections of the German heartland.


Battle of Berlin

The last Soviet campaign of the war in the European theater, which led to the fall of Berlin and the end of the war in Europe with the surrender of all German forces to the Allies. The three Soviet Fronts involved in the campaign had altogether 2.5 million men, 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600
artillery Artillery is a class of heavy military ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during si ...
pieces and mortars, 3,255
truck A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo, carry specialized payloads, or perform other utilitarian work. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, but the vast majority feature body-on-frame constructi ...
-mounted Katyusha rocket launchers (nicknamed "Stalin Organs" by the Germans), and 95,383 motor vehicles. The campaign started with the battle of Oder-Neisse. Army Group Centre commanded by Ferdinand Schörner (the commander in chief as of 17 January 1945) had a front that included the river Neisse. Before dawn on the morning of 16 April 1945 the
1st Ukrainian Front The 1st Ukrainian Front (Russian: Пéрвый Украи́нский фронт), previously the Voronezh Front (Russian: Воронежский Фронт) was a major formation of the Soviet Army during World War II, being equivalent to a ...
under the command of General
Konev Konev (russian: Конев and Bulgarian, ua, Конєв from ''конь'' or ''кон'' meaning ''horse'') is a Russian, Bulgarian or Ukrainian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Koneva. It may refer to: *Anatoly Konev (1921–1965), ...
started the attack over the river Neisse with a short but massive bombardment by tens of thousands of artillery pieces. ;January 1945 order of battle :3rd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, 4th Army ;February 1945 order of battle :
1st Panzer Army The 1st Panzer Army (german: 1. Panzerarmee) was a German tank army that was a large armoured formation of the Wehrmacht during World War II. When originally formed on 1 March 1940, the predecessor of the 1st Panzer Army was named Panzer Gro ...
, 4th Panzer Army, 17th Army (Wehrmacht) ;May 1945 order of battle :1st Panzer Army, 4th Panzer Army, 7th Army, 17th Army :Army Group Ostmark


Battle of Prague

Some of the Army Group Centre continued to resist until 11 May 1945, by which time the overwhelming force of the Soviet Armies sent to liberate
Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...
in the
Prague Offensive The Prague offensive (russian: Пражская стратегическая наступательная операция, Prazhskaya strategicheskaya nastupatel'naya operatsiya, lit=Prague strategic offensive) was the last major military ...
gave them no option but to surrender or be killed. ;May 1945 order of battle :4th Panzer Army, 7th Army, 17th Army :Army Group Ostmark


Surrender

By 7 May 1945, the day that German Chief-of-Staff General
Alfred Jodl Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (; 10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German '' Generaloberst'' who served as the chief of the Operations Staff of the '' Oberkommando der Wehrmacht'' – the German Armed Forces High Command – throughout Worl ...
was negotiating surrender of all German forces at SHAEF, the German Armed Forces High Command (AFHC) had not heard from Schörner since 2 May 1945. He had reported that he intended to fight his way west and surrender his army group to the Americans. On 8 May 1945, a colonel from the Allied Forces High Command was escorted through the American lines to see Schörner. The colonel reported that Schörner had ordered the men under his operational command to observe the surrender but that he could not guarantee that he would be obeyed everywhere. Later that day, Schörner deserted his command and flew to
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
where on 18 May 1945 he was arrested by the Americans.


Commanders


See also

*
Army Group South Army Group South (german: Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of three German Army Groups during World War II. It was first used in the 1939 September Campaign, along with Army Group North to invade Poland. In the invasion of Poland Army Group So ...
*
Army Group North Army Group North (german: Heeresgruppe Nord) was a German strategic formation, commanding a grouping of field armies during World War II. The German Army Group was subordinated to the ''Oberkommando des Heeres'' (OKH), the German army high comman ...
* Army Group Centre Rear Area *
Police Regiment Centre The Police Regiment Centre (''Polizei-Regiment Mitte'') was a formation of the Order Police (uniformed police) during the Nazi era. During Operation Barbarossa, it was subordinated to the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) and deployed in German-occupied ...


Notes and references


Bibliography

* ** ** ** * Gerlach, C. ''Kalkulierte Morde''. Hamburg Edition, 2000 * * Ustinov, Dmitriy. ''Geschichte des Zweiten Welt Krieges'', Volume 10. Berlin: Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1982


Further reading

*Ian Kershaw, ''The End: The Defiance and Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1944-1945'', (New York: Penguin Press, 2011). . {{Subject bar , portal1=Military of Germany , portal2=World War II
Centre Center or centre may refer to: Mathematics *Center (geometry), the middle of an object * Center (algebra), used in various contexts ** Center (group theory) ** Center (ring theory) * Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentricity ...
Military units and formations established in 1941 Military units and formations disestablished in 1945