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The Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar was an
aircraft engine An aircraft engine, often referred to as an aero engine, is the power component of an aircraft propulsion system. Most aircraft engines are either piston engines or gas turbines, although a few have been rocket powered and in recent years ma ...
developed by Armstrong Siddeley. The Jaguar was a
petrol Gasoline (; ) or petrol (; ) (see ) is a transparent, petroleum-derived flammable liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines (also known as petrol engines). It consists mostly of organic c ...
-fuelled air-cooled 14-cylinder two-row
radial engine The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel. It resembles a stylized star when viewed from the front, and is ...
design. The Jaguar III was first used in 1923, followed in 1925 by the Jaguar IV and in 1927 by the Jaguar VI. In 1925 the Jaguar became the first production aero engine incorporating a geared
supercharger In an internal combustion engine, a supercharger compresses the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. The current categorisation is that a supercharger is a form of forced indu ...
.


Design and development

The Jaguar was developed from the
Royal Aircraft Factory Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a c ...
RAF.8 design proposal of 1917, and was engineered to use a gear-driven
supercharger In an internal combustion engine, a supercharger compresses the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. The current categorisation is that a supercharger is a form of forced indu ...
. First run on 21 June 1922 initial performance was not as expected; as a result the stroke was increased to 5.5 in (139.7 mm) on all variants after the Jaguar I. Throughout its career the Jaguar suffered from vibration due to a lack of a
crankshaft A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecti ...
centre bearing. The most powerful version of the engine, the Jaguar VIC, produced a maximum of 490 hp (365 kW) on
takeoff Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For aircraft traveling vertically, this is known as liftoff. For aircraft that take off horizontally, this usually involves starting with a ...
at 1,950 rpm and weighed 910 lb (413 kg). The later
Lynx A lynx is a type of wild cat. Lynx may also refer to: Astronomy * Lynx (constellation) * Lynx (Chinese astronomy) * Lynx X-ray Observatory, a NASA-funded mission concept for a next-generation X-ray space observatory Places Canada * Lynx, ...
was designed using one row of Jaguar cylinders.Gunston 1989, p. 18.


Variants

;Jaguar I :1922, 300 hp. ;Jaguar II :1923, 385 hp, increased stroke, capacity 1,512 cu in (24.8 L). ;Jaguar III :1923, 385 hp. ;Jaguar IIIA :1923, 380 hp. ;Jaguar IV :1925, 385 hp, twin carburettors ;Jaguar IVA :420 hp, Geared propeller drive. ;Jaguar IVC :1928, 400 hp, revised
connecting rod A connecting rod, also called a 'con rod', is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crank ...
design, enclosed valve gear. ;Jaguar IV(S) :1925, 365 hp, fully supercharged. ;Jaguar V :1928. ;Jaguar VI :1927. ;Jaguar VI(S) :1928, supercharged version of Jaguar VI. ;Jaguar VIC :1927, 470 hp, geared propeller drive version of Jaguar VI. ;Jaguar VID :1928. ;Jaguar VIIA :1929, 400 hp, fully supercharged. ;Jaguar VIII :1928, 405 hp, fully supercharged, geared propeller drive


Applications

* Airco DH.4 *
Airco DH.9 The Airco DH.9 (from de Havilland 9) – also known after 1920 as the de Havilland DH.9 – was a British single-engined biplane bomber developed and deployed during the First World War. The DH.9 was a development of Airco's earlier successful ...
* Armstrong Whitworth Ajax * Armstrong Whitworth Aries * Armstrong Whitworth Argosy * Armstrong Whitworth Atlas * Armstrong Whitworth Siskin * Armstrong Whitworth Starling *
Armstrong Whitworth Wolf The Armstrong Whitworth Wolf was a British two-seat reconnaissance aircraft ordered by the Royal Air Force in 1923. Design and development The Wolf was a two-bay biplane of unorthodox design, with the fuselage mounted between the two sets of w ...
* Avro 642 *
Blackburn Airedale The Blackburn R.2 Airedale was a single-engine three-seat monoplane deck-landing aircraft for land and sea reconnaissance, built in the UK in 1924. Only two were built. Development The Airedale was designed by F.A.Bumpus to Air Ministry speci ...
* Blackburn C.A.15C *
Blackburn Turcock The Blackburn F.1 Turcock was a British single-seat single-engine biplane fighter built in 1927. Designed to be produced in several variants, only one was completed. Development In 1926 Blackburn partially deviated from their practice of buil ...
* Boulton Paul P.71 *
De Havilland Dormouse The de Havilland DH.42 Dormouse and its two variants the de Havilland DH.42A Dingo I and II were two-seat single-engined biplanes designed for fighter-reconnaissance and army cooperation roles. They did not achieve production. Development Apa ...
* De Havilland DH.50 * De Havilland Giant Moth *
De Havilland Hyena The de Havilland DH.56 Hyena was a prototype British army cooperation aircraft of the 1920s. A single-engined biplane, the Hyena was designed against an RAF requirement, but was unsuccessful with only two being built, the Armstrong Whitworth At ...
*
Fairey Ferret The Fairey Ferret was a 1930s British general-purpose biplane designed and built by the Fairey Aviation Company. It performed well in trials but was not ordered into production. Development The Ferret was designed to meet a Fleet Air Arm requ ...
* Fairey Flycatcher *
Fokker C.V The Fokker C.V was a Dutch light reconnaissance and bomber biplane aircraft manufactured by Fokker. It was designed by Anthony Fokker and the series manufacture began in 1924 at Fokker in Amsterdam. Development The C.V was constructed in the earl ...
* Fokker D.XVI * Gloster Gnatsnapper * Gloster Grebe * Handley Page Hampstead * Hawker Danecock *
Hawker Hawfinch The Hawker Hawfinch was a British single-engined biplane fighter of the 1920s. It was unsuccessful, with the Bristol Bulldog being selected instead. Development The Hawker Hawfinch fighter aircraft was designed in 1925 as a replacement for both ...
* Hawker Hoopoe * Hawker Woodcock * Larkin Lascowl * Martinsyde ADC 1 *
Nieuport Nighthawk The Nieuport Nighthawk was a British fighter aircraft developed by the Nieuport & General Aircraft company for the Royal Air Force towards the end of the First World War. Although ordered into production before the aircraft first flew, it did ...
*
Parnall Plover The Parnall Plover was a British single-seat naval fighter aircraft of the 1920s. Designed and built by George Parnall & Co. for use on Royal Navy aircraft carriers, it was ordered into small-scale production but after extensive evaluation, t ...
* RAAF Experimental Section Warrigal II * Supermarine Air Yacht *
Supermarine Nanok The Supermarine Nanok was a British three-engined biplane flying boat built by Supermarine. Built to meet a Royal Danish Navy requirement, the single prototype was rebuilt as a private air yacht and renamed the Supermarine Solent. Development ...
* Supermarine Southampton *
Vickers Vellore The Vickers Vellore was a large biplane designed as a freight and mail carrier, in single-engined and twin-engined versions, which saw limited use as freighters and long-range experimental aircraft. A final variant with a broader fuselage, the ...
*
Vickers Vespa The Vickers Vespa was a British army cooperation biplane designed and built by Vickers Limited in the 1920s. While not adopted by Britain's Royal Air Force, small numbers were bought by the Irish Free State and Bolivia, the latter of which used ...
*
Vickers Viastra The Vickers Viastra was an all-metal 12-seat passenger high-wing monoplane, with variants powered by one, two and three engines. Two twin-engined Viastras operated commercially in Australia from 1931-6; another served as a Royal transport. Deve ...
* Vickers Vimy Trainer * Westland Wapiti * Westland Weasel


Engines on display

A preserved Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar is on public display at the
Science Museum (London) The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually in 2019. Like other publicly funded ...
.


Specifications (Jaguar I)


See also


References


Notes


Footnotes


Bibliography

* Lumsden, Alec. ''British Piston Engines and their Aircraft''. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. .


External links


Virtual aviation museum
- a 1926 ''
Flight Flight or flying is the process by which an object moves through a space without contacting any planetary surface, either within an atmosphere (i.e. air flight or aviation) or through the vacuum of outer space (i.e. spaceflight). This can be a ...
'' article on the Jaguar's endurance during an London-Cape Town-London flight by Alan Cobham {{Royal Aircraft Factory aeroengines Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
Jaguar The jaguar (''Panthera onca'') is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus ''Panthera'' native to the Americas. With a body length of up to and a weight of up to , it is the largest cat species in the Americas and the th ...
1920s aircraft piston engines