Armand Joseph Dubernad was born 23 November 1741, in

Bayonne Bayonne (; eu, Baiona ; oc, label= Gascon, Baiona ; es, Bayona) is a city in Southwestern France near the Spanish border. It is a commune and one of two subprefectures in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine re ...

. He died 9 May 1799, in

Morlaix Morlaix (; br, Montroulez) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Leisure and tourism The old quarter of the town has winding streets of cobbled stones and overhan ...

. Armand Joseph Dubernad was a merchant, a French and Spanish financier,

Consul general A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, as well as to facilitate trade and friendship between the people ...

of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...

, deputy, mayor, and cofounder of the first

Jacobin Club , logo = JacobinVignette03.jpg , logo_size = 180px , logo_caption = Seal of the Jacobin Club (1792–1794) , motto = "Live free or die"(french: Vivre libre ou mourir) , successor = Pa ...

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...

Biography

Dubernard was the son of a middle-class man of

. But, his family originally came from

La Bastide-Clairence La Bastide-Clairence (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ''Bastidots'' or ''Bastidotes''. The village is a member of th ...

and before that from

Laplume Laplume (; oc, La Pluma) is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France. See also *Communes of the Lot-et-Garonne department The following is a list of the 319 communes of the French department of Lot-et-Garonne. The c ...

, in the north of

Gascony Gascony (; french: Gascogne ; oc, Gasconha ; eu, Gaskoinia) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part o ...

Before the Revolution

Before the French revolution started, Armand Joseph Dubernad traded with China, Europe, Eastern and Western Indies, with

Seville Seville (; es, Sevilla, ) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula ...

and Cadiz. He was one of the principal shareholders of the bank of Saint-Charles and various companies which finance great work and contribute to reduce the Spanish debt. His close cousin, the count

François Cabarrus François Cabarrus or Francisco Cabarrús Lalanne, ''Count'' de Cabarrús (1752–1810) was a French adventurer and Spanish financier. Life Early life He was born in Bayonne, France, where his father, Dominique Cabarrus Fourcade was a merchant ...

, was Minister of king

Charles III of Spain it, Carlo Sebastiano di Borbone e Farnese , house = Bourbon-Anjou , father = Philip V of Spain , mother = Elisabeth Farnese , birth_date = 20 January 1716 , birth_place = Royal Alcazar of Madrid, Spain , death_d ...

. His cousins, the Lesseps, his father-in-law, his brother-in-law and his brother are diplomatic wealthy persons. Dubernad also plays a part of precursor in the field of

marine insurance Marine insurance covers the physical loss or damage of ships, cargo, terminals, and any transport by which the property is transferred, acquired, or held between the points of origin and the final destination. Cargo insurance is the sub-branch o ...

During the Revolution

In 1788, he was appointed deputy of the

Third Estate The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the Middle Ages to early modern Europe. Different systems for dividing society members into estates developed and ...

Rennes Rennes (; br, Roazhon ; Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department ...

, then appointed Sénéchaussée of

. In 1789, Armand Joseph Dubernad is listed among the writers of the ''Cahiers de Doléances'' (= Register of grievances) of the city. In 1790, he is the cofounder of the first

, of which he became president. During

The Terror The Reign of Terror (french: link=no, la Terreur) was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, ...

, Armand Joseph Dubernad rebuilt one of the castles of the wife of

Philippe Egalité Philippe is a masculine sometimes feminin given name, cognate to Philip. It may refer to: * Philippe of Belgium (born 1960), King of the Belgians (2013–present) * Philippe (footballer) (born 2000), Brazilian footballer * Prince Philippe, Count o ...

, ''La Bourdaisière'', near from

Montlouis Montlouis () is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. The printer-bookseller Martin Silvestre Boulard (1748–1809) was born in this village. Geography A farming area comprising a small village and a ...

destroyed following a whim of Etienne François de Choiseul. After Thermidor, in the night of the 14 to 15 Vendémiaire An IV (6 October to 7th, 1795), a poster is placarded with

, denouncing Dubernad as an ''aristocrat, royalist and banker of Charette''. It was signed by the brother of the Général Moreau and by others former prisoners of the revolutionary jails. Dubernad died in 1799, almost ruined because of the English blockade, and loans to help the poor or to finance the revolutionary festivals.

The family

His father-in-law and then his brother-in-law, Jean and Gaspard Lannux de La Chaume are Consuls of Spain in France, before the Revolution. His son married the daughter of Michel Behic, niece of the first French constitutional bishop,

Louis-Alexandre Expilly de la Poipe __NOTOC__ Louis-Alexandre Expilly de la Poipe (24 February 1743 in Brest – 22 May 1794 in Brest) was rector of Saint-Martin-des-Champs near Morlaix in Léon, North Finistère. He was one of two deputies elected in 1788 by the Léon assembly of c ...

, and also sister-in-law of the brother of the Général Moreau. Armand Joseph Dubernad is

of the

. His brother, Salvat du Bernad, in the same time, is before the French Revolution, a rich trader and a very important financier of

and the Consul of the

Grand Duchy of Tuscany The Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( it, Granducato di Toscana; la, Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In th ...

in France and Spain. But, his brother will be imprisoned as of the entry in war of the Spain to have supposedly wanted to set fire to the manufacture of the tobaccos of

. During the

Peninsular War The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. In Spain ...

, he will be the consular agent of France, in Seville until in 1812. His granddaughter, Françoise Gaudelet d'Armenonville will marry Auguste de Rambaud, who is the son of

Agathe de Rambaud Agathe de Rambaud was born in Versailles as Agathe-Rosalie Mottet and was baptized in the future cathedral Saint-Louis of Versailles, on 10 December 1764. She died in Aramon, in the ''département'' of Gard, on 19 October 1853. She was the offic ...

, then in her second marriage to the count Amédée d'Allonville. His grandson, the captain Henry Dubernad is the nephew of the French Vice Admiral

Jacques Bergeret Jacques Bergeret (Bayonne, 15 May 1771 - Paris, 26 August 1857) was a French naval officer and admiral. Biography Bergeret was born in Bayonne on 15 May 1771, and joined the merchant navy at the age of 12, when he sailed to Pondicherry aboard t ...

. In 1796, his uncle, Bergeret, as captain of the frigate 'La Virginie', was captured by Sir

Edward Pellew Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother ...

in the ''Indefatigable''. An English offer to exchange him for

Sir Sidney Smith Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith (21 June 176426 May 1840) was a British naval and intelligence officer. Serving in the American and French revolutionary wars and Napoleonic Wars, he rose to the rank of Admiral. Smith was known for his of ...

was refused by the French. On Smith's escape in 1798, Bergeret was sent home unconditionally by the English.

References

* Guy de Rambaud, ''Dubernad, un financier au service de la RévoLution '' (handwritten) * Guy de Rambaud, ''Pour l'amour du Dauphin'', Anovi 2005, , biography of Agathe de Rambaud {{DEFAULTSORT:Dubernad, Armand Joseph 1741 births 1799 deaths People from Bayonne People of the French Revolution 18th-century French businesspeople 18th-century Spanish businesspeople French financiers French bankers Austrian diplomats