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Archduke Karl Ludwig Josef Maria of Austria (30 July 1833 – 19 May 1896) was the younger brother of both
Franz Joseph I of Austria Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until h ...
and
Maximilian I of Mexico Maximilian I (german: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, link=no, es, Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena, link=no; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who reigned as the only Emperor ...
, and the father of
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I. Fr ...
(1863–1914), whose
assassination Assassination is the murder of a prominent or important person, such as a head of state, head of government, politician, world leader, member of a royal family or CEO. The murder of a celebrity, activist, or artist, though they may not ha ...
ignited
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fight ...
. His grandson was the last emperor of Austria, Charles I.


Biography

He was born at
Schönbrunn Palace Schönbrunn Palace (german: Schloss Schönbrunn ; Central Bavarian: ''Schloss Scheenbrunn'') was the main summer residence of the Habsburg rulers, located in Hietzing, Vienna. The name ''Schönbrunn'' (meaning “beautiful spring”) has its roo ...
in
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
, the son of
Archduke Franz Karl of Austria Archduke Franz Karl Joseph of Austria (17 December 1802 – 8 March 1878) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the father of two emperors: Franz Joseph I of Austria and Maximilian I of Mexico. Through his third son Karl Lud ...
(1802–1878) and his wife
Princess Sophie of Bavaria Princess Sophie of Bavaria (Sophie Friederike Dorothea Wilhelmine; 27 January 1805 – 28 May 1872) was the daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his second wife Caroline of Baden. The identical twin sister of Queen Maria Anna of ...
(1805–1872). His mother ensured he was raised a devout Roman Catholic by the Vienna Prince-archbishop Joseph Othmar Rauscher, a conviction that evolved into religious mania in his later years. Though not interested in politics, the 20-year-old joined the Galician government of Count Agenor Romuald Gołuchowski and in 1855 accepted his appointment as Tyrolean stadtholder in
Innsbruck Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label= Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria. On the River Inn, at its junction with the Wipp Valley, which provides access to the Brenner Pass to the south, it had a ...
, where he took his residence at
Ambras Castle Ambras Castle (german: Schloss Ambras Innsbruck) is a Renaissance castle and palace located in the hills above Innsbruck, Austria. Ambras Castle is above sea level. Considered one of the most popular tourist attractions of the Tyrol, Ambras Castl ...
. However, he found his authority to exert power restricted by the Austrian cabinet of his cousin Archduke Rainer Ferdinand and Baron Alexander von Bach. He finally laid down the office upon the issue of the 1861
February Patent The February Patent was a constitution of the Austrian Empire promulgated in the form of letters patent on 26 February 1861. Background In the Austrian Empire, the early 1860s were a period of significant constitutional reforms. The revolutions ...
for a life as
patron Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings, popes, and the wealthy have provided to artists su ...
of the arts and sciences. As the eldest surviving brother of the Emperor, Karl Ludwig, after the death of his nephew Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria in 1889, became
heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person entitled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question. ...
to the
Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise o ...
. A newspaper article appeared shortly after the death of his nephew claiming that the Archduke had renounced his succession rights in favor of his eldest son Franz Ferdinand. This rumor proved to be false.


Marriage and family

Karl Ludwig married three times. His first wife, whom he married on 4 November 1856 at
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth l ...
, was his first cousin Margaretha of Saxony (1840–1858), the daughter of Johann of Saxony (1801–1873) and Amalie Auguste of Bavaria (1801–1877). She died on 15 September 1858 and they had no children. His second wife, whom he married by proxy on 16 October 1862 at
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
, and in person on 21 October 1862 at
Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isl ...
, was
Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Princess Maria Annunciata Isabella Filomena Sabasia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies ( Italian: ''Maria Annunziata Isabella Filomena Sabasia, Principessa di Borbone delle Due Sicilie''; 24 March 1843 – 4 May 1871) was a political figure from the Hous ...
(1843–1871), daughter of
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies Ferdinand II ( it, Ferdinando Carlo; scn, Ferdinannu Carlu; nap, Ferdinando Carlo; 12 January 1810 – 22 May 1859) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his death in 1859. Family Ferdinand was born in Palermo to King Francis I of the ...
(1810–1859) and
Maria Theresa of Austria Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position '' suo jure'' (in her own right) ...
(1816–1867). They had four children: *
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I. Fr ...
(December 18, 1863 – June 28, 1914), whose assassination was a cause for the
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
. He married morganatically Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin on 1 July 1900. They had three children. *
Archduke Otto Franz of Austria Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within ...
(21 April 1865 – 1 November 1906) he married
Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1867–1944) , house = Wettin , father = King George of Saxony , mother = Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal , birth_date = , birth_place = Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, North German Confederation , death_date = , death_place = Erla ...
on 2 October 1886. They had two sons, including Karl I, the last Emperor of Austria. * Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria (27 December 1868 – 12 March 1915) he married morganatically Bertha Czuber on 15 August 1909. * Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria (13 May 1870 – 24 August 1902) she married
Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg Albrecht, Duke and Crown Prince of Württemberg (Albrecht Maria Alexander Philipp Joseph; 23 December 1865 – 31 October 1939) was the last Württemberger crown prince, a German military commander of the First World War, and the head of the Hous ...
on 24 January 1893. They had seven children. Maria Annunciata died on 4 May 1871. His third wife, whom he married on 23 July 1873 at
Kleinheubach Kleinheubach is a market community in the Miltenberg district in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') in Bavaria, Germany and the seat of the like-named ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' (municipal association). It has a popu ...
, was
Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal , birth_date = , birth_place = Löwenstein Castle, Kleinheubach, Kingdom of Bavaria , death_date = , death_place = Vienna, Austria, Nazi Germany , burial_place = Imperial Crypt , house = Braganza , spouse = , issue = , father = Mi ...
(1855–1944), daughter of Miguel I of Portugal (1802–1866) and
Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg , house = Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg , father = Constantine, Hereditary Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg , mother = Princess Agnes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg , birth_date = , birth_place = Kleinheubach, Kin ...
(1831–1909). They had two daughters: * Archduchess Maria Annunziata of Austria (31 July 1876 – 8 April 1961). Abbess of the Theresia Convent in the Hradschin,
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a tempera ...
. *
Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Reichenau, Austria , death_date = , death_place =Vaduz, Liechtenstein , burial_place = St. Florian Cathedral,Vaduz, Liechtenstein , house =Habsburg-Lorraine , spouse = , issue = , ...
(7 July 1878 – 13 March 1960) she married
Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein (Alois Gonzaga Maria Adolf; 17 June 1869, in Hollenegg – 16 March 1955, in Vaduz) was the son of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein (1842–1907) and Princess Henriette of Liechtenstein (1843–1931), daughter of ...
on 20 April 1903. They had eight children.


Death

Karl Ludwig died of typhoid at Schönbrunn in Vienna after returning from a journey to
Palestine __NOTOC__ Palestine may refer to: * State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia * Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia * Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East J ...
and
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medite ...
, allegedly after the consumption of contaminated
Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
waters. His widow Maria Teresa died on 12 February 1944.


Honours and awards

;Austrian orders and decorations Hof- und Staats-Handbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
(1896), Genealogy p. 2
*
Knight of the Golden Fleece This article contains a list of knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Knights of the Burgundian Golden Fleece 15th Century !Year of Induction!!Name!!Born!!Died!!Notes , - , rowspan=25, 1430, , Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, , 1396, , ...
, ''1852'' * Grand Cross of St. Stephen, ''1859''"A Szent István Rend tagjai"
* Military Merit Medal on red ribbon * Long Service Cross for Officers, 2nd Class ;Foreign orders and decorations


Ancestry


See also

*
List of heirs to the Austrian throne This is a list of people who were heir apparent or heir presumptive to the Archduchy of Austria from when Charles III succeeded to the throne in 1711 to the end of the monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1918. Those heirs who succeeded are shown in bold. ...


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Karl Ludwig of Austria, Archduke 1833 births 1896 deaths Deaths from typhoid fever Infectious disease deaths in Austria Nobility from Vienna Austrian princes Burials at the Imperial Crypt House of Habsburg-Lorraine Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia) Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Takovo