Archdiocese Of Braga

The Archdiocese of Braga ( la, Archidioecesis Bracarensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Portugal. It is known for its use of the Rite of Braga, a use of the liturgy distinct from the Roman Rite and other Latin liturgical rites.

A metropolitan see, its suffragan dioceses are the dioceses of Aveiro, Bragança-Miranda, Coimbra, Lamego, Porto, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, and Viseu. The chief prelate of Braga is known as the Archbishop-Primate of Braga (''Arcebispo Primaz de Braga''), as the traditional holder of the Primacy of the Spains, claiming supremacy over all prelates of the whole Iberian Peninsula; however in modern times, this title is only recognized in Portugal. The current archbishop-primate is Jose Manuel Garcia Cordeiro, appointed in 2021.

History

The tradition that Peter of Rates, a disciple of James the Great, preached here, is handed down in the ancient Breviary of Braga (''Breviarium Bracarense'') and in that of Évora; but this, as the Bollandists tell us, is due to the "credulity of the people of Braga, who have listed him in their modern (17th century) Martyrology." ''Paternus'' was certainly bishop of the see about 390.

In its early period the Diocese of Braga produced the famous writer Paulus Orosius ( fl. 418). At the beginning of the eighteenth century a contest was waged over the birthplace of Orosius, some claiming him for Braga and others for Tarragona. The ''Marquis of Mondejar'', with all the evidence in his favour, supported the claim of Braga; ''Dalmas'', the chronicler of Catalonia, that of Tarragona.

''Avitus of Braga'', another writer of some importance, was a priest who went to the East to consult with Augustine of Hippo at the same time that Orosius, who had been sent by Augustine, returned from consulting Jerome. It was through him that the priest Lucian of Caphar Gamala near Jerusalem made known to the West the discovery of the body of Stephen (December 415). The Greek encyclical letter of Lucian was translated into Latin by Avitus and sent to Braga with another for the bishop, Balconius, and for his clergy and people, together with a relic of Saint Stephen. Avitus also attended the Council of Jerusalem against Pelagius (415). There were two others of the same name, men of note, who, however, wrought incalculable harm by introducing into these provinces the doctrines of Origen and Victorinus of Poetovio.

Some have denied that Braga was a metropolitan see; others have attempted without sufficient evidence, however, to claim two metropolitan sees for Gallaecia before the sixth century. In fact, after the destruction of Astorga (433) by the Visigoths, Braga was elevated to the dignity of a metropolitan see in the time of Pope Leo I (440-461). Balconius was then its bishop and Agrestius, Bishop of Luigi, was the metropolitan. At the latter's death the right of metropolitan rank was restored to the oldest bishop of the province, who was the bishop of Braga. From this time until the Muslim conquest of Hispania (711), he retained the supremacy over all the sees of the province.

In 1110 Pope Paschal II restored Braga to its former metropolitan rank. When Portugal became independent, Braga assumed even greater importance. It contested with Toledo the primacy over all the Iberian sees, but the popes decided in favour of the latter city, since it retained as suffragans the dioceses of Porto, Coimbra, Viseu, Bragança-Miranda do Douro, Aveiro, and Pinhel. In 1390 Braga was divided to make the Archdiocese of Lisbon, and in 1540 its territory was again divided to create the Archdiocese of Évora.

The most famous of writers in this diocese is Bishop Martin who died in 580, noted for his wisdom. Gregory of Tours says of him that he was born in Pannonia, visited the Holy Land, and became the foremost scholar of his time. St. Isidore of Seville ("De Viris illustribus", c. xxxv) tells us that he "was abbot of the Monastery of Dumio near Braga, came to Gallaecia from the East, converted the Suebi inhabitants from the heresy of Arianism, taught them Catholic doctrine and discipline, strengthened their ecclesiastical organization, and founded monasteries. He also left a number of letters in which he recommended a reform of manners, a life of faith and prayer and giving of alms, the constant practice of all virtues and the love of God."

Braga having been destroyed by the Saracens, and restored in 1071, a succession of illustrious bishops occupied the see. Among these were ''Maurício Burdinho'' (1111–14), sent as legate to the Emperor Henry V (1118), and by him created antipope with the title of Gregory VIII; ''Pedro Juliano'', Archdeacon of Lisbon, elected Bishop of Braga in 1274, created cardinal by Gregory X in 1276, and finally elected pope under the name of John XXI; '' Bartholomew a Martyribus'' (1559–67), a Dominican, who in 1566, together with ''Father Luís de Sotomayor'', ''Francisco Foreiro'', and others, assisted at the Council of Trent; ''de Castro'', an Augustinian (1589–1609), who consecrated the cathedral, 28 July 1592.

Aleixo de Meneses, also an Augustinian, was transferred to Braga from the archiepiscopal see of Goa. He had been appointed bishop to the St. Thomas Christians of the Malabar Coast in Farther India and had forcibly Latinized them with the help of missionaries of the various religious orders. Under him was held the controversial anti- Council of Diamper (1599), for the establishment of the church on the Malabar Coast. He died at Madrid in 1617 in his fifty-eighth year as President of the Council of Castile.

Three other bishops of note were ''Rodrigo da Cunha'' (1627–35), historian of the church in Portugal and author of a monograph on the Bishops and Archbishops of Braga; ''Rodrigo de Moura Teles'' (1704–28), who sponsored the restoration of the cathedral; and ''Diogo de Sousa'', bishop of Porto (1496-1505) and Archbishop of Braga (1505-1532), protector of the arts and sciences, who modernized and revitalized Braga with new constructions in the city and the ''Sé''.

The Archbishop of Braga has claimed the title of '' Primate of the Spains'' (Portuguese: ''Primaz das Espanhas'') as the oldest diocese on the Iberian Peninsula.

Bishops of Braga

from 45 to 600

: Peter of Rates (45-60) *
: Basílio (60-95) *
: Ovidius (95-130) *
: Policarpo (130-200) *
: Serfriano (200-230) *
: Fabião (230-245) *
: Félix (245-263) *
: Secundo (263-268) *
: Caledónio (268-270) *
: Narciso (270-275) *
: Paterno I (275-290) *
: Grato (290-299) *
: Salomão (299-300) *
: Sinágrio (300-326) *
: Lenóncio (326-328) *
: Apolónio (328-366) *
: Idácio I (366-381) *
: Lampádio (381-400) *
* Paterno II (400-405), the first attested bishop
* Profuturo I (405-410) *
* Pancraciano (410-417) *
* Balcónio (417-456)
* Valério (456-494) *
* Idácio II (494-518) *
* Apolinário (518-524) *
* Castino (524-525)*
* Valério (525-527) *
* Ausberto (527-537) *
* Julião I (537-538) *
* Profuturo II (538-550)
* Eleutério (550-561) *
* Lucrécio (561-562)
* Martin of Braga, Apostle of the Suebi (562-579)
* Pantardo (580-589)
* Benigno (589-612) *

from 612 to 1108

* Tolobeu (612-633) *
* Julião II (633-653)
* Potâmio (653-656)
* Fructuosus of Braga (656-660)
* Manucino (660-661) *
* Pancrácio (661-675) *
* Leodegísio Julião or Leodecísio Julião (675-678)
* Liúva (678-681)
* Quirico (681-687) *
* Faustino (688-693)
* Félix (693-734?)

::''Bishop Felix was the last bishop residing in Braga, which was totally destroyed in 716, until the restoration of the bishopric in 1070. Due to the Muslim invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, his successors were established in Lugo, in Galicia.

Bishops in Lugo

: Victor of Braga
: Erónio (736-737) *
* Hermenegildo (737-738) *
: Tiago (738-740) *
: Odoário (740-780)
  ? Ascárico (780-811) *
* Argimundo (821-832) *
  ? Nostiano (832) *
: Ataúlfo (832-840)
* Ferdizendo (Fridesindus) (840-842) *
: Dulcídio (842-850) *
  ? Gladila (850-867)
: Gomado (867-875) *
: Flaviano Recaredo (875-881)
  ? Flaiano (881-889) *
* Argimiro (889-910) *
: Teodomiro (910-924) *
* Hero (924-930)
: Silvatano (930-942) *
: Gundisalvo or Gonçalo (942-950)
  ? Hermenegildo (951-985)
: Pelágio or Paio (986-1003)
: Diogo or Tiago (1003–1004)
: Flaviano (1004–1017)
: Pedro (1017–1058)
: Maurelo (1058–1060)
: Sigefredo (1060)
: Vistrário (1060–1070)

Bishops in Braga

* Pedro I of Braga (1071–1093)
* Gerald of Braga

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