''Apoclada'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

ian

bamboo Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, ...

in the grass family). The only known species is ''Apoclada simplex'', found in the forests of southeastern

(States of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for ' Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

).Renvoize, S. A. 1988. Hatschbach's Paraná Grass. 1–76. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew The genus was for many years thought to contain four species (''Apoclada cannavieira'', ''A. arenicola'', ''A. diversa'' & ''A. simplex'')McClure, F. 1973. Genera of Bamboos Native to the New World(Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148. Upon further examination and fieldwork at the collection locality, the single piece of material at the US National Herbarium from which ''A. diversa'' had been described, was found to be merely a deformed stem of ''A. simplex''Guala, G.F. 1992. All About ''Apoclada'' (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) a monograph of the genus. Thesis presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida.Guala, G.F. 1995 A cladistic analysis and revision of the genus ''Apoclada'' (Poaceae:Bambusoideae). Systematic Botany 20(3): 207–223 Later, with revised concepts of morphological interpretation in the bamboos and strong molecular evidenceGuala, G.F., D. Bogler, J. Sadle and J. Francisco Ortega 2000. Molecular Evidence for polyphyly in the genus ''Apoclada'' (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Bamboo Science and Culture 14:(1): 15–20. it became clear that the two species formerly known as ''A. arenicola'', and ''A. cannavieira'' which are endemic to the

cerrado The ''Cerrado'' (, ) is a vast ecoregion of tropical savanna in eastern Brazil, particularly in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Minas Gerais, and the Federal District. The core areas of the Cerrado biome are the ...

of central

are actually unrelated to ''A. simplex'' and are correctly placed in their own genus '' Filgueirasia''.Guala, G.F. 2003. A new genus of bamboos from the cerrados of Brazil. Bamboo Science and Culture 17(1): 1–3 The stems of this bamboo grow to more than 13 m tall although half that is more common. Like all bamboos, the upright stems (also called culms) grow from horizontal underground stems called rhizomes. In ''A. simplex'' these rhizomes can be more than 40 cm long, thus although this species is technically a clumping type of bamboo, groves of it often appear much like those of the Asian running bamboos because of the long distance between culms. The culms are light to dark green or sometimes reddish, and about 1.9–4 cm in diameter with internodes every 7–38 cm. The foliage leaf blades are long and thin, 1.3–16.4 cm long and 2–7 mm wide. ;formerly included see '' Filgueirasia'' * ''Apoclada arenicola - Filgueirasia arenicola'' * ''Apoclada cannavieira - Filgueirasia cannavieira''

References

External links

Guala, G.F. 2003. A new genus of bamboos from the cerrados of Brazil. Bamboo Science and Culture 17(1): 1-3.Guala, G.F., D. Bogler, J. Sadle and J. Francisco Ortega 2000. Molecular Evidence for polyphyly in the genus Apoclada (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Bamboo Science and Culture 14:(1): 15-20.A photo of ''Apoclada simplex'' near Cacador, Brazil.A photo of the upper (adaxial) leaf surface of ''Apoclada simplex'' taken with a scanning electron microscope.
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q1910666, from2=Q15505088 Bambusoideae Endemic flora of Brazil Bambusoideae genera Monotypic Poaceae genera Taxa named by Floyd Alonzo McClure

See also

References

External links