The Anzani 10 was a 1913 10-
cylinder
A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base.
A cylinder may also be defined as an infin ...
air-cooled
Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over heat dissipation fins or hot areas of the engine to cool them in order to keep the engine within operating temperatures. In all combustion engines, a great percentage of the heat ge ...
radial aircraft engine. It powered several experimental aircraft and also the later production versions of the
Caudron G.3 reconnaissance aircraft, the
Caudron G.4 bomber/trainer and the first production Cessna, the
Model AA.
Design and development
In the first decade of the 20th century
Anzani
Anzani was an engine manufacturer founded by the Italian Alessandro Anzani (1877–1956), which produced proprietary engines for aircraft, cars, boats, and motorcycles in factories in Britain, France and Italy.
Overview
From his native Italy, An ...
developed his upright 3-cylinder 'W' type motorcycle engine, which powered
Bleriot's successful Channel crossing flight of 1909, into a three-cylinder symmetric or 'Y' radial, and from that to a 6-cylinder double-row radial engine.
By 1912
he had built the Anzani 10, a 10-cylinder engine, air-cooled like its predecessors, which, like other Anzani engines, was made with different size cylinders. One of the more powerful versions produced about 110 hp (82 kW) from 12.1 litres,
a British-built Anzani 10 was rated at 125 hp
[''Flight'', 2 May 1914 p.474] and a smaller version with a displacement of 8.27 litres produced 80 hp (60 kW).
It was a double row engine, built with two rows of five cylinders separated along the crankshaft by about a cylinder radius, giving the engine a slimmer profile than other contemporary two-row radial engines. Each half had its own crankpin, 180° apart, with the connecting rods, of chrome nickel steel, broad and flat to bring the two halves close together.
[''Flight'', 24 January 1914 pp.97–8] Cylinder heads and pistons were made of cast iron, the latter machined inside and out and fitted with a pair of rings.
Oil was forced through the crankshaft to the crankpins, then moved under centrifugal force to the cylinders and pistons
from inside the crankcase which was a single light alloy casting.
Both inlet and exhaust valves were in the cylinder heads. The automatic inlet valves of earlier Anzani engines, opened by atmospheric pressure and closed by valve springs
[''Flight'', 5 July 1913 p.748] were retained, but fuel was fed from a mixing chamber in the crankcase via inlet tubes placed at the rear of the engine to avoid cooling of the mixture by the oncoming airflow.
[''Flight'', 4 January 1913 p.21] This arrangement placed the exhaust valves at the front of the engine, where they were operated from a cam in the rear of the crankcase via push rods and rockers.
A single carburettor fed the crankcase chambers from below. Some versions used a single Gibaud magneto,
running at 3,000 rpm, though others built by British Anzani had a pair of Bosch magnetos,
running slower. Plugs (K.L.G. for the British variant
) were mounted in the sides of the cylinder heads, sloping upwards to avoid plug fouling by lubricating oil.
The exhaust was collected by a prominent pair of semi-circular manifolds.
Operational history
One British-built 125 hp Anzani 10 underwent exhaustive tests at
Farnborough in 1914.
Several early aircraft built singly or in small numbers flew with the Anzani 10, but the major users were the
Caudron G.3 and
G.4, particularly the later ones in which the Anzani replaced the lower powered rotary Gnomes. Numbers of these are uncertain because of the engine change. Because they powered the 66 Caudron G.4s purchased by the American Expeditionary Force after September 1917, used largely as trainers, many Anzani 10s went to the USA. The first production aircraft built by
Clyde Cessna
Clyde Vernon Cessna (; December 5, 1879 – November 20, 1954) was an American aircraft designer, aviator, and early aviation entrepreneur. He is best known as the principal founder of the Cessna Aircraft Corporation, which he started in 1927 i ...
, the
Model AA was powered by the Anzani 10, and 14 of these were made. Huff-Daland also used them in several aircraft.
Applications
:
Avro 504 K ''G-EBWO''
:
Bellanca CF
The Bellanca CF is an early enclosed high-wing monoplane designed by Giuseppe Mario Bellanca that led to a successful series of Bellanca aircraft. Bellanca was nominated for the Collier Trophy in 1922 for the CF design.
Development
Bellanca had ...
:
Blackburn Type I Land/Sea monoplane 1915
:
Blackburn White Falcon
The Blackburn White Falcon was a two-seat single-engine monoplane built as a personal transport for Blackburn's test pilot during the First World War. Only one was built.
Development
The White Falcon was built by Blackburn during 1915 for the ...
1915
:
Blackburn Sidecar 1921
:
Breda-Pensuti B.2
:
Caudron Type F
:
Caudron G.3 1914
:
Caudron G.4 1915
:
Central Centaur IV 1919
:
Cessna Model AA
The Cessna Model A is a 1920s American high-wing four-seat tourer built by the Cessna Aircraft Company, the first in a long line of high-wing single-engined monoplanes.
Design and development
The first Cessna design built in any numbers was the ...
1920s
:
Curtiss H-4
:
Deperdussin Seagull 1913
:
Felixstowe F.1
The Felixstowe F.1 was a British experimental flying boat designed and developed by Lieutenant Commander John Cyril Porte RN at the naval air station, Felixstowe based on the Curtiss H-4 with a new hull. Its design led to a range of successful ...
:
Handley Page Type G
The Handley Page Type G was a two-seat British biplane, designed by Handley Page that first flew in 1913. Only one was built.
Development
The Type G was the first biplane wholly designed by Handley Page. In 1924 the early Handley Page types we ...
1913
:
Huff-Daland HD-1B
Huff-Daland was an American aircraft manufacturer. Formed as Ogdensburg Aeroway Corp in 1920 in Ogdensburg, New York by Thomas Huff and Elliot Daland, its name was quickly changed to Huff-Daland Aero Corp and then in 1925 it was changed again to ...
:
Huff-Daland HD-4
Huff-Daland was an American aircraft manufacturer. Formed as Ogdensburg Aeroway Corp in 1920 in Ogdensburg, New York by Thomas Huff and Elliot Daland, its name was quickly changed to Huff-Daland Aero Corp and then in 1925 it was changed again to ...
:
Huff-Daland HD-9A
Huff-Daland was an American aircraft manufacturer. Formed as Ogdensburg Aeroway Corp in 1920 in Ogdensburg, New York by Thomas Huff and Elliot Daland, its name was quickly changed to Huff-Daland Aero Corp and then in 1925 it was changed again to ...
:
Huff-Daland TA-2
The Huff-Daland TA-2 was an American biplane trainer designed by the Huff-Daland Aero Corporation in the early 1920s for the United States Army Air Service.
Design and development
The TA-2 was a development of the Huff-Daland HD.4 Bridget with ...
:
London and Provincial Fuselage Biplane
The London and Provincial ''Fuselage'' Biplane was a British single-engined two-seat training aircraft of the First World War. While the aircraft demonstrated excellent manoeuvrability, only a single example was built.
Design and development
...
:
Sopwith Grasshopper
__NOTOC__
The Sopwith Grasshopper was a British two-seat touring biplane built by the Sopwith Aviation and Engineering Company at Kingston upon Thames in 1919.Jackson 1974, p. 309
Development
The Grasshopper was a conventional two-seat open-c ...
:
Timm Collegiate The Timm Collegiate was a series of American-built two-seat light aircraft of the late 1920s.
Design and development
Otto Timm founded the O.W. Timm Aircraft Corp in 1922 with its base at Glendale, California. The firm changed its name to the T ...
:
Vickers F.B. 12C 1917
Specifications (110 hp)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
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{{Anzani aeroengines
1910s aircraft piston engines
Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
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