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The Anglo-Scottish border () is a
border Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders ca ...
separating
Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to ...
and
England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...
which runs for 96 miles (154 km) between
Marshall Meadows Bay __NOTOC__ Marshall Meadows Bay is the northernmost point of England. It is located on the Northumberland coast, north of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and just to the south of the Anglo-Scottish border. Across the border in Scotland is the county of Berwi ...
on the east coast and the
Solway Firth The Solway Firth ( gd, Tràchd Romhra) is a firth that forms part of the border between England and Scotland, between Cumbria (including the Solway Plain) and Dumfries and Galloway. It stretches from St Bees Head, just south of Whitehaven ...
in the west. The surrounding area is sometimes referred to as "the Borderlands". The Firth of Forth was the border between the Picto-
Gaelic Gaelic is an adjective that means "pertaining to the Gaels". As a noun it refers to the group of languages spoken by the Gaels, or to any one of the languages individually. Gaelic languages are spoken in Ireland, Scotland, the Isle of Man, an ...
Kingdom of Alba and the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria in the early 10th century. It became the first Anglo-Scottish border with the
annexation Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
of Northumbria by
Anglo-Saxon England Anglo-Saxon England or Early Medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066, consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927, when it was united as the Kingdom of ...
in the mid-10th century. In 973, Kenneth, King of Scots attended the English king, Edgar the Peaceful, at his council in Chester. After Kenneth had reportedly done homage, Edgar rewarded Kenneth by granting him Lothian. Despite this transaction, the control of Lothian was not finally settled and the region was taken by the Scots at the Battle of Carham in 1018 and the
River Tweed The River Tweed, or Tweed Water ( gd, Abhainn Thuaidh, sco, Watter o Tweid, cy, Tuedd), is a river long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England. Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the R ...
became the ''
de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with '' de jure'' ("by l ...
'' Anglo-Scottish border. The Solway–Tweed line was legally established in 1237 by the Treaty of York between England and Scotland. It remains the border today, with the exception of the Debatable Lands, north of
Carlisle Carlisle ( , ; from xcb, Caer Luel) is a city that lies within the Northern English county of Cumbria, south of the Scottish border at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril. It is the administrative centre of the City ...
, and a small area around
Berwick-upon-Tweed Berwick-upon-Tweed (), sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, and the northernmost town in England. The 2011 United Kingdom census re ...
, which was taken by England in 1482. Berwick was not fully annexed into England until 1746, by the Wales and Berwick Act 1746. For centuries until the
Union of the Crowns The Union of the Crowns ( gd, Aonadh nan Crùintean; sco, Union o the Crouns) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of the Kingdom of England as James I and the practical unification of some functions (such as overseas dip ...
the region on either side of the boundary was a lawless territory suffering from the repeated raids in each direction of the Border Reivers. Following the
Treaty of Union 1706 The Treaty of Union is the name usually now given to the treaty which led to the creation of the new state of Great Britain, stating that the Kingdom of England (which already included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland were to be "Unit ...
, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united Scotland with
England and Wales England and Wales () is one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom. It covers the constituent countries England and Wales and was formed by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. The substantive law of the jurisdiction is En ...
to form the
Kingdom of Great Britain The Kingdom of Great Britain (officially Great Britain) was a sovereign country in Western Europe from 1 May 1707 to the end of 31 December 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, wh ...
, the Border forms the boundary of the two legal
systems A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and expresse ...
as the treaty between Scotland and England guaranteed the continued separation of
English law English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. Principal elements of English law Although the common law has, historically, b ...
and Scots law. The age of marriage under Scots law is 16, while it is 18 under
English law English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures. Principal elements of English law Although the common law has, historically, b ...
. The border settlements of
Gretna Green Gretna Green is a parish in the southern council area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, on the Scottish side of the border between Scotland and England, defined by the small river Sark, which flows into the nearby Solway Firth. It was histo ...
to the west, and Coldstream and Lamberton to the east, were convenient for
elope Elopement is a term that is used in reference to a marriage which is conducted in a sudden and secretive fashion, usually involving a hurried flight away from one's place of residence together with one's beloved with the intention of getting m ...
rs from England who wanted to marry under Scottish laws, and marry without publicity. The marine boundary was adjusted by the
Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order 1999 The Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order 1999 is a statutory instrument of the United Kingdom government, defining the boundaries of internal waters, territorial sea, and British Fishing Limits adjacent to Scotland. It was introduced in ac ...
so that the boundary within the
territorial waters The term territorial waters is sometimes used informally to refer to any area of water over which a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potent ...
(up to the limit) is north of the boundary for oil installations established by the Civil Jurisdiction (Offshore Activities) Order 1987. The land border is near and roughly parallel to the 420 million-year-old Iapetus Suture.


History

The border country, historically known as the Scottish Marches, is the area either side of the Anglo-Scottish border including parts of the modern council areas of
Dumfries and Galloway Dumfries and Galloway ( sco, Dumfries an Gallowa; gd, Dùn Phrìs is Gall-Ghaidhealaibh) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland and is located in the western Southern Uplands. It covers the historic counties of Dumfriesshire, Kirkc ...
and the
Scottish Borders The Scottish Borders ( sco, the Mairches, 'the Marches'; gd, Crìochan na h-Alba) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the City of Edinburgh, Dumfries and Galloway, East Lothian, Midlothian, South Lanarkshire, West Lot ...
, and parts of the
English counties The counties of England are areas used for different purposes, which include administrative, geographical, cultural and political demarcation. The term "county" is defined in several ways and can apply to similar or the same areas used by each ...
of
Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. ...
and
Northumberland Northumberland () is a county in Northern England, one of two counties in England which border with Scotland. Notable landmarks in the county include Alnwick Castle, Bamburgh Castle, Hadrian's Wall and Hexham Abbey. It is bordered by land ...
. It is a hilly area, with the Scottish Southern Uplands to the north, and the Cheviot Hills forming the border between the two countries to the south. From the
Norman conquest The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conq ...
of England until the reign of James VI of Scotland, who in the course of his reign became
James I of England James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until ...
while retaining the more northerly realm, border clashes were common and the monarchs of both countries relied on Scottish Earls of March and Lord Warden of the Marches to defend and control the frontier region.


Second War of Scottish Independence

In 1333, during the Second War of Scottish Independence, Scotland was defeated at the
Battle of Halidon Hill The Battle of Halidon Hill took place on 19 July 1333 when a Scottish army under Sir Archibald Douglas attacked an English army commanded by King Edward III of England () and was heavily defeated. The year before, Edward Balliol had seiz ...
and
Edward III Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death in 1377. He is noted for his military success and for restoring r ...
occupied much of the borderlands. Edward declared
Edward Balliol Edward Balliol (; 1283 – January 1364) was a claimant to the Scottish throne during the Second War of Scottish Independence. With English help, he ruled parts of the kingdom from 1332 to 1356. Early life Edward was the eldest son of John B ...
the new King of Scots, in exchange for the much of southern Scotland and absolute supplication, but this was not recognised by the majority of the Scottish nobility who remained loyal to David II and conflict continued. By 1341, Perth and Edinburgh had been retaken by the Scots and Edward Balliol fled to England, effectively nullifying the supposed treaty. Edward would continue the war but was unable to restore the puppet ruler Balliol to the throne and with the Treaty of Berwick (1357) Scottish independence was once again acknowledged with any pretence to territorial annexations dropped.


Clans

A 16th-century Act of the Scottish Parliament talks about the chiefs of the border clans, and a late 17th-century statement by the Lord Advocate uses the terms "clan" and "family" interchangeably. Although Lowland aristocrats may have increasingly liked to refer to themselves as "families", the idea that the term "clan" should be used of Highland families alone is a 19th-century convention. Historic Border clans include the following:
Armstrong Armstrong may refer to: Places * Armstrong Creek (disambiguation), various places Antarctica * Armstrong Reef, Biscoe Islands Argentina * Armstrong, Santa Fe Australia * Armstrong, Victoria Canada * Armstrong, British Columbia * Armstrong, ...
, Beattie, Bannatyne, Bell, Briar, Carruthers,
Douglas Douglas may refer to: People * Douglas (given name) * Douglas (surname) Animals *Douglas (parrot), macaw that starred as the parrot ''Rosalinda'' in Pippi Longstocking * Douglas the camel, a camel in the Confederate Army in the American Civil ...
, Elliot,
Graham Graham and Graeme may refer to: People * Graham (given name), an English-language given name * Graham (surname), an English-language surname * Graeme (surname), an English-language surname * Graham (musician) (born 1979), Burmese singer * Clan ...
, Hedley of Redesdale, Henderson,
Hall In architecture, a hall is a relatively large space enclosed by a roof and walls. In the Iron Age and early Middle Ages in northern Europe, a mead hall was where a lord and his retainers ate and also slept. Later in the Middle Ages, the gre ...
, Home or Hume, Irvine,
Jardine Jardine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Al Jardine (born 1942), member of the Beach Boys * Alexander Jardine (Medal of Honor) (1874–1949), American Medal of Honor recipient * Antonio Jardine (born 1988), NCAA college b ...
, Johnstone, Kerr, Little, Moffat, Nesbitt, Ogilvy, Porteous, Routledge,
Scott Scott may refer to: Places Canada * Scott, Quebec, municipality in the Nouvelle-Beauce regional municipality in Quebec * Scott, Saskatchewan, a town in the Rural Municipality of Tramping Lake No. 380 * Rural Municipality of Scott No. 98, Sask ...
,
Thompson Thompson may refer to: People * Thompson (surname) * Thompson M. Scoon (1888–1953), New York politician Places Australia *Thompson Beach, South Australia, a locality Bulgaria * Thompson, Bulgaria, a village in Sofia Province Canada ...
, Tweedie.


Scottish Marches

During late medieval and early modern eras—from the late 13th century, with the creation by
Edward I of England Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a va ...
of the first
Lord Warden of the Marches The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of Scotland and England. The holders were responsible for the security of the border between the two nations, and often took part in military action. They were also responsible, alo ...
to the early 17th century and the creation of the Middle Shires, promulgated after the personal union of England and Scotland under
James VI of Scotland James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until ...
(James I of England)—the area around the border was known as the Scottish Marches. For centuries the Marches on either side of the boundary was an area of mixed allegiances, where families or clans switched which country or side they supported as suited their family interests at that time, and lawlessness abounded. Before the personal union of the two kingdoms under James, the border clans would switch allegiance between the Scottish and English crowns depending on what was most favourable for the members of the clan. For a time a powerful local clan dominated a region on the border between England and Scotland. It was known as the Debatable Lands and neither monarch's writ was heeded.


Middle Shires

Following the 1603
Union of the Crowns The Union of the Crowns ( gd, Aonadh nan Crùintean; sco, Union o the Crouns) was the accession of James VI of Scotland to the throne of the Kingdom of England as James I and the practical unification of some functions (such as overseas dip ...
, King James VI & I decreed that the Borders should be renamed 'the Middle Shires'. In the same year the King placed George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar in charge of pacification of the borders. Courts were set up in the towns of the Middle Shires and known reivers were arrested. The more troublesome and lower classes were executed without trial; known as "
Jeddart justice Jedburgh (; gd, Deadard; sco, Jeddart or ) is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders and the traditional county town of the historic county of Roxburghshire, the name of which was randomly chosen for Operation Jedburgh in su ...
" (after the town of
Jedburgh Jedburgh (; gd, Deadard; sco, Jeddart or ) is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders and the traditional county town of the historic county of Roxburghshire, the name of which was randomly chosen for Operation Jedburgh in ...
in Roxburghshire). Mass hanging soon became a common occurrence. In 1605 he established a joint commission of ten members, drawn equally from Scotland and England, to bring law and order to the region. This was aided by statutes in 1606 and 1609, first to repeal hostile laws on both sides of the border, and then to more easily prosecute cross-border raiders.See: Border Reivers#Legislation Reivers could no longer escape justice by crossing from England to Scotland or vice versa. The rough-and-ready Border Laws were abolished and the folk of the middle shires found they had to obey the law of the land like all other subjects. In 1607 James felt he could boast that "the Middle Shires" had "become the navel or umbilic of both kingdoms, planted and peopled with civility and riches". After ten years King James had succeeded; the Middle Shires had been brought under central law and order. By the early 1620s the Borders were so peaceful that the Crown was able to scale down its operations. Despite these improvements, the Joint Commission continued its work, and as late as 25 September 1641 under King Charles I, Sir Richard Graham, a local laird and English MP, was petitioning the
Parliament of Scotland The Parliament of Scotland ( sco, Pairlament o Scotland; gd, Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland from the 13th century until 1707. The parliament evolved during the early 13th century from the king's council o ...
"for regulating the disorders in the borders". Conditions along the border generally deteriorated during the Commonwealth and
Protectorate A protectorate, in the context of international relations, is a state that is under protection by another state for defence against aggression and other violations of law. It is a dependent territory that enjoys autonomy over most of its in ...
periods, with the development of Moss-trooper raiders. Following the Restoration, on-going border lawlessness was dealt with by reviving former legislation, renewed continually in eleven subsequent acts, for periods ranging from five to eleven years, up until the late 1750s.


Controversial territories


The Debatable Lands

The Debatable Lands lay between Scotland and England to the north of
Carlisle Carlisle ( , ; from xcb, Caer Luel) is a city that lies within the Northern English county of Cumbria, south of the Scottish border at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril. It is the administrative centre of the City ...
, the largest population centre being
Canonbie Canonbie ( gd, Canonbaidh) is a small village in Dumfriesshire within the local authority area of Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland, south of Langholm and north of the Anglo-Scottish border. It is on the A7 road from Carlisle to Edinburgh, and ...
. For over three hundred years the area was effectively controlled by local clans, such as the Armstrongs, who successfully resisted any attempt by the Scottish or English governments to impose their authority. In 1552 commissioners met to divide the land in two: Douglas of Drumlanrigg leading the Scots; Lord Wharton leading the English; the French ambassador acting as umpire. The
Scots' Dike The Scots' Dike or dyke is a three and a half mile / 5.25 km long linear earthwork, constructed by the English and the Scots in the year 1552Mack, James Logan (1926). ''The Border Line'', p.94. Oliver & Boyd to mark the division of the De ...
was built as the new frontier, with stones set up bearing the arms of England and of Scotland.


Berwick-upon-Tweed

Berwick is famous for its hesitation over whether it is part of Scotland or England.
Berwickshire Berwickshire ( gd, Siorrachd Bhearaig) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in south-eastern Scotland, on the English border. Berwickshire County Council existed from 1890 until 1975, when the area became part of th ...
is in Scotland while the town is in England, although both Berwick and the lands up to the Firth of Forth belonged to the Kingdom of Northumbria in the
Early Middle Ages The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th or early 6th century to the 10th century. They marked the start of the Mi ...
. The town changed hands more than a dozen times before being finally taken by the English in 1482, though confusion continued for centuries. The Wales and Berwick Act 1746 clarified the status of Berwick as an English town. In the 1950s the artist Wendy Wood moved the border signs south to the middle of the
River Tweed The River Tweed, or Tweed Water ( gd, Abhainn Thuaidh, sco, Watter o Tweid, cy, Tuedd), is a river long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England. Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the R ...
as a protest. In 2008 SNP MSP Christine Grahame made calls in the
Scottish Parliament The Scottish Parliament ( gd, Pàrlamaid na h-Alba ; sco, Scots Pairlament) is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the Holyrood area of the capital city, Edinburgh, it is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyr ...
for Berwick to become part of Scotland again. Berwick's MP Anne-Marie Trevelyan has resisted any change, arguing that: "Voters in Berwick-upon-Tweed do not believe it is whether they are in England or Scotland that is important."


The Ba Green

At the River Tweed the border runs down the middle of the river, however between the villages of Wark and Cornhill the Scottish border comes south of the river to enclose a small riverside meadow of approximately 2 to 3 acres (about a hectare). This piece of land is known as the Ba Green. It is said locally that every year the men of Coldstream (to the North of the river) would play mob football with the men of Wark (to the South of the river) at Ba, and the winning side would claim the Ba Green for their country. As Coldstream grew to have a larger population than Wark, the Coldstream men always defeated the Wark men at the game, and so the land became a permanent part of Scotland.


Hadrian's Wall misconception

It is a
common misconception Each entry on this list of common misconceptions is worded as a correction; the misconceptions themselves are implied rather than stated. These entries are concise summaries of the main subject articles, which can be consulted for more detail. ...
that
Hadrian's Wall Hadrian's Wall ( la, Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or ''Vallum Hadriani'' in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian. Ru ...
marks the Anglo-Scottish border. The wall lies entirely within England and has never formed this boundary. While in the west, at Bowness-on-Solway, it is less than south of the border with Scotland, in the east it is as much as away. For centuries the wall was the boundary between the
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
province of ''
Britannia Britannia () is the national personification of Britain as a helmeted female warrior holding a trident and shield. An image first used in classical antiquity, the Latin ''Britannia'' was the name variously applied to the British Isles, Grea ...
'' (to the south) and the
Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...
lands of ''
Caledonia Caledonia (; ) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the part of Great Britain () that lies north of the River Forth, which includes most of the land area of Scotland. Today, it is used as a romantic or poetic name for all ...
'' (to the north). However ''Britannia'' occasionally extended as far north as the later
Antonine Wall The Antonine Wall, known to the Romans as ''Vallum Antonini'', was a turf fortification on stone foundations, built by the Romans across what is now the Central Belt of Scotland, between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth. Built some ...
. Furthermore, to speak of England and Scotland at any time prior to the ninth century is anachronistic; such nations had no meaningful existence during the period of Roman rule. "Hadrian's Wall" is nonetheless often used as an informal reference to the modern border, often semi-humorously.


Migration

Cumbria and Northumberland have amongst the largest Scottish-born communities in the world outside Scotland. 16,628 Scottish-born people were residing in Cumbria in 2001 (3.41% of the county's population) and 11,435 Scottish-born people were residing in Northumberland (3.72% of the county's population); the overall percentage of Scottish-born people in England is 1.62%. Consequently, almost 9% of Scotland's population is English-born (459,486), with higher than average percentages of English-born people in both Dumfries & Galloway and the Scottish Borders council areas, respectively, reaching as high as 35% or higher English-born.{{https://thoughtcontrolscotland.com/2019/05/22/are-english-settlers-in-the-highlands-nicer-than-those-in-the-borders-and-if-so-why/


List of places on the border, or associated with it


On the border

{{columns-list, colwidth=30em, * Carter Bar *
Marshall Meadows Bay __NOTOC__ Marshall Meadows Bay is the northernmost point of England. It is located on the Northumberland coast, north of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and just to the south of the Anglo-Scottish border. Across the border in Scotland is the county of Berwi ...
* Pennine Way *
Scots' Dike The Scots' Dike or dyke is a three and a half mile / 5.25 km long linear earthwork, constructed by the English and the Scots in the year 1552Mack, James Logan (1926). ''The Border Line'', p.94. Oliver & Boyd to mark the division of the De ...
*
Solway Firth The Solway Firth ( gd, Tràchd Romhra) is a firth that forms part of the border between England and Scotland, between Cumbria (including the Solway Plain) and Dumfries and Galloway. It stretches from St Bees Head, just south of Whitehaven ...
* St Cuthbert's Way *
Union Bridge (Tweed) The Union Chain Bridge or Union Bridge is a suspension bridge that spans the River Tweed between Horncliffe, Northumberland, England and Fishwick, Berwickshire, Scotland. It is four miles upstream of Berwick-upon-Tweed. When it opened in 1820 ...


England


Cumbria

{{main, Cumbria {{columns-list, colwidth=30em, * Arthuret *
Blackpool Gate Blackpool Gate is a settlement in the civil parish of Bewcastle, which is in the district of the City of Carlisle in the county of Cumbria, England. It is in the historic county of Cumberland. Blackpool Gate lies some five miles south of the ...
*
Carlisle Carlisle ( , ; from xcb, Caer Luel) is a city that lies within the Northern English county of Cumbria, south of the Scottish border at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril. It is the administrative centre of the City ...
*
Hethersgill Hethersgill is a village and a civil parish in the Carlisle district, in the county of Cumbria, England. Hethersgill has a church called St Mary's Church. In 2001 the population of the civil parish of Hethersgill was 382, reducing to 371 at t ...
*
County A county is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposes Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French ...
of
Cumberland Cumberland ( ) is a historic counties of England, historic county in the far North West England. It covers part of the Lake District as well as the north Pennines and Solway Firth coast. Cumberland had an administrative function from the 12th c ...
*
Kershopefoot Kershopefoot is a small hamlet in Cumbria, England, traditionally in Cumberland. It is located very close to the Scotland-England border and is near the Kershope Burn and the Liddel Water. Kershopefoot is most well known for its lodge house (K ...
* Longtown *
Skitby Skitby is a hamlet in the English county of Cumbria. Skitby lies northeast of the village of Smithfield. External links * Hamlets in Cumbria City of Carlisle {{Cumbria-geo-stub ...
* Stapleton


Northumberland

{{main, Northumberland {{columns-list, colwidth=30em, * Ancroft * Barmoor Castle *
Barrow Burn Barrowburn is a hamlet in Upper Coquetdale in the county of Northumberland, England. It comprises a working farm with associated buildings and two holiday lets. One of the holiday lets is the Old School House, which closed as a school in the 1 ...
* Beadnell * Belford *
Berwick-upon-Tweed Berwick-upon-Tweed (), sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, and the northernmost town in England. The 2011 United Kingdom census re ...
, and the former
borough A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. History In the Middle Ag ...
*
Bowsden Bowsden is a village and civil parish in Northumberland, England. It is about to the south of Berwick-upon-Tweed, inland from the North Sea coast at Lindisfarne, and has a population of 157, rising to 178 at the 2011 Census. Landmark ...
* Branxton * Byrness * Carham * Catcleugh Reservoir * Chatton * Chillingham Castle * Cornhill-on-Tweed * Crookham, Northumberland, Crookham * Doddington, Northumberland, Doddington * Duddo and Duddo Tower * Etal and Etal Castle * Fowberry Tower * Goswick * Greystead * Haggerston, Northumberland, Haggerston and Haggerston Castle * Horncliffe * Howtel * Islandshire * Kielder, Northumberland, Kielder, Kielder Forest and Kielder Water * Kilham, Northumberland, Kilham * Kirknewton, Northumberland, Kirknewton * Lilburn, Northumberland, Lilburn and Lilburn Tower * Lindisfarne and Lindisfarne Castle * Lowick, Northumberland, Lowick * Middleton, Northumberland, Middleton * Milfield * Mindrum * Norham and Norham Castle * North Sunderland * Otterburn, Northumberland, Otterburn * Redesdale & River Rede * Scremerston * Spittal, Northumberland, Spittal * Twizell Castle * Wark on Tweed * Wooler * Yeavering


Scotland


Dumfries and Galloway

{{main, Dumfries and Galloway {{columns-list, colwidth=30em, * Auchenrivock Tower *
Canonbie Canonbie ( gd, Canonbaidh) is a small village in Dumfriesshire within the local authority area of Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland, south of Langholm and north of the Anglo-Scottish border. It is on the A7 road from Carlisle to Edinburgh, and ...
* Gilnockie Tower * Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway, Gretna *
Gretna Green Gretna Green is a parish in the southern council area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, on the Scottish side of the border between Scotland and England, defined by the small river Sark, which flows into the nearby Solway Firth. It was histo ...
* Langholm * Rowanburn


Borders

{{main, Scottish Borders {{columns-list, colwidth=30em, * Allanton, Scottish Borders, Allanton * Ayton, Scottish Borders, Ayton * Birgham * Cessford Castle * Chirnside * Coldstream * Dinlabyre * Duns, Scottish Borders, Duns * Eccles, Scottish Borders, Eccles * Eden Water * Edgerston * Ednam * Edrington * Edrom * Ettrick, Scotland, Ettrick * Eyemouth * Fogo, Scottish Borders, Fogo * Foulden, Scottish Borders, Foulden * Galashiels * Hawick * Hermitage, Scottish Borders, Hermitage and Hermitage Castle * Hilly Linn * Hilton, Berwickshire, Hilton * Hume Castle * Hutton, Scottish Borders, Hutton *
Jedburgh Jedburgh (; gd, Deadard; sco, Jeddart or ) is a town and former royal burgh in the Scottish Borders and the traditional county town of the historic county of Roxburghshire, the name of which was randomly chosen for Operation Jedburgh in ...
* Kelso, Scottish Borders, Kelso * Kirk Yetholm & Town Yetholm * Ladykirk, Scottish Borders, Ladykirk * Lamberton * Leitholm * Liddesdale * Mordington * Morebattle * Mowhaugh * Newcastleton * Oxnam * Paxton, Scottish Borders, Paxton * Roxburgh and Roxburgh Castle * Saughtree * Selkirk, Scottish Borders, Selkirk * Southdean * Swinton, Scottish Borders, Swinton * Timpanheck * Whitsome


Rivers

{{columns-list, colwidth=30em, * Carham Burn * River Esk, Dumfries and Galloway, River Esk * River Rede * River Sark * River Teviot *
River Tweed The River Tweed, or Tweed Water ( gd, Abhainn Thuaidh, sco, Watter o Tweid, cy, Tuedd), is a river long that flows east across the Border region in Scotland and northern England. Tweed cloth derives its name from its association with the R ...
* Whiteadder Water * Liddel Water * Kershope Burn


Mountains

{{columns-list, colwidth=30em, * The Cheviot * Carter Bar & Carter Fell * Windy Gyle


See also

{{div col * Anglo * Cheviot Hills * Southern Uplands * Border Reivers * Border ballad * Border pipes * ITV Border * Border Collie * Border Terrier * ''Both sides the Tweed'' * Scottish Marches * Star of Caledonia * Scotch Corner * Debatable Lands * Wales-England border * Welsh Marches {{div col end


Notes

{{notelist, refs= Three examples of a humorous reference to Hadrian's Wall: * "and there are plans for an electrified fence along Hadrian's Wall to prevent emigration from the rump republic" ({{harvnb, Sandbrook, 2012 quoting Robert Moss in ''The Collapse of Democracy'' (1975)); * "a situation that the (notional) electrification of Hadrian's Wall is unlikely to change" {{harv, Ijeh, 2014; * A cartoon: "Hadrian's Wall Extension Plan" showing an extension of Hadrian’s Wall around the coastline of England and Wales {{harv, Hughes, 2014.


References

{{reflist


References

* {{citation , last=Hughes , first=Alex , author-link=Alex Hughes (cartoonist) , date=5 September 2014, title=Hadrian's Wall Extension Plan , publisher=alexhughescartoons.co.uk , url=http://www.bdonline.co.uk/what-did-scotland-do-for-architecture?/5070540.article , access-date=15 December 2014 * {{citation , last=Ijeh , first=Ike , date=27 August 2014 , title=What did Scotland do for architecture? , journal=Building Design Online , url=http://www.bdonline.co.uk/what-did-scotland-do-for-architecture?/5070540.article , access-date=7 October 2016 * {{citation , last=Sandbrook , first=Dominic , author-link=Dominic Sandbrook , year=2012 , chapter=Chapter 6: Could it happen here? , title=Seasons in the Sun: The Battle for Britain, 1974–1979 , edition=illustrated , publisher=Penguin , location=UK , isbn=9781846140327 , pag
about 214
}


Further reading

* Aird, W.M. (1997) "Northern England or southern Scotland? The Anglo-Scottish border in the eleventh and twelfth centuries and the problem of perspective" In: Appleby, J.C. and Dalton, P. (Eds) ''Government, religion and society in Northern England 1000-1700'', Stroud : Sutton, {{ISBN, 0-7509-1057-7, p. 27–39 * Crofton, Ian (2014) ''Walking the Border: A Journey Between Scotland and England'', Birlinn *{{cite book , last1=Readman , first1=Paul , title=Borderlands in World History, 1700–1914 , date=2014 , publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK , isbn=978-1-137-32058-2 , pages=169–191 , language=en , chapter=Living a British Borderland: Northumberland and the Scottish Borders in the Long Nineteenth Century * Robb, Graham (2018) ''The Debatable Land: The Lost World Between Scotland and England'', Picador * Robson, Eric (2006) ''The Border Line'', Frances Lincoln Ltd.


External links

{{EB1911 poster, Borders, The, The Borders {{commons category-inline, Border of England-Scotland

at Hodgson Clan
The world's oldest border?
from Jay Foreman (comedian), Jay Foreman's "Map Men" series {{Borders of the United Kingdom {{DEFAULTSORT:Anglo-Scottish Border Anglo-Scottish border, 1237 establishments in England 13th century in England 13th century in Scotland Geography of England Geography of Scotland English law Scots law 1237 establishments in Scotland Geographic history of the United Kingdom