André Géraud (18 October 1882 – 11 December 1974) was a French journalist and

animal rights Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all Animal consciousness, sentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their Utilitarianism, utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding s ...

advocate who wrote under the pseudonym Pertinax.The Press: Pertinax Goes Home
, ''Time'' (15 October 1945), retrieved 21 July 2018.
''The New York Times''.

Biography

Géraud studied history at Bordeaux University and in 1905 joined the Landon Bureau of

L'Écho de Paris ''L'Écho de Paris'' was a daily newspaper in Paris from 1884 to 1944. The paper's editorial stance was initially conservative and nationalistic, but it later became close to the French Social Party. Its writers included Octave Mirbeau, Henri d ...

. Three years later he became their chief British correspondent. He wrote on international affairs for ''

The Pall Mall Gazette ''The Pall Mall Gazette'' was an evening newspaper founded in London on 7 February 1865 by George Murray Smith; its first editor was Frederick Greenwood. In 1921, '' The Globe'' merged into ''The Pall Mall Gazette'', which itself was absorbed in ...

'' in 1910 and ''

The Daily Telegraph ''The Daily Telegraph'', known online and elsewhere as ''The Telegraph'', is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally. It was f ...

'' in 1912. Géraud was an early advocate of animal rights. In 1924, he authored ''Déclaration des droits de l'animal'' which was re-published in 1939. Because the book was never translated into English, Géraud is rarely cited in English-language literature relating to animal rights, unlike

Henry Stephens Salt Henry Shakespear Stephens Salt (; 20 September 1851 – 19 April 1939) was an English writer and campaigner for social reform in the fields of prisons, schools, economic institutions, and the treatment of animals. He was a noted ethical vegeta ...

who is often cited. The book influenced

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

's Universal Declaration of Animal Rights in 1978. The book put forward the idea of an "animal code" based on three guiding principles. Animals must be happy otherwise they suffer, the sufferings inflicted on animals must be strictly indispensable and the pleasures allowed to animals are justified and must not be deprived. Géraud commented that "the Declaration of Animal Rights in the twentieth century shall be the counterpart of the Declaration of Human Rights in the eighteenth century". Following the Fall of France in June 1940, Géraud sailed to America on a British destroyer. ''

Time Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, ...

'' called him "France's No. 1 journalist-in-exile" who had a "reputation for perspicacity".

Selected publications

*''Déclaration des droits de l'animal'' (Bibliothèque A. Géraud, 1939) *''The Grave Diggers of France: Gamelin, Daladier, Reynaud, Pétain, and Laval. Military Defeat, Armistice, Counterrevolution'' (

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...

: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1944).

Notes

External links

Pertinax's contributions
to '' Foreign Affairs'' * {{DEFAULTSORT:Geraud, Andre 1882 births 1974 deaths 20th-century French journalists 20th-century French male writers French animal rights activists French animal rights scholars French male non-fiction writers University of Bordeaux alumni