Andrei Ivanovich Stakenschneider (russian: Андрей Иванович Штакеншнейдер) (March 6
regorian 1802 – August 20
regorian 1865), also spelled ''Stackenschneider'' and ''Stuckenschneider'', was a Russian architect. His eclectic approach and competence in period styles is manifest in ten palaces built to his design in
St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. He is often credited for turning
Russian architecture from
Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative arts, decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. ...
to
Romanticism.
Born into a prosperous family, Stakenschneider trained at the
Imperial Academy of Arts, helping
Auguste de Montferrand
Auguste de Montferrand (; January 23, 1786 – July 10, 1858) was a French classicist architect who worked primarily in Russia. His two best known works are the Saint Isaac's Cathedral and the Alexander Column in St. Petersburg.
Early ...
to supervise the construction of
Saint Isaac's Cathedral
Saint Isaac's Cathedral or Isaakievskiy Sobor (russian: Исаа́киевский Собо́р) is a large architectural landmark cathedral that currently functions as a museum with occasional church services in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is ...
. He was a revivalist, finding his inspiration in Greek, Renaissance, Baroque, and Gothic styles. His first independent work was a Neo-Gothic castle at
Keila-Joa, a residence of Count
Alexander von Benckendorff
Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Christoph Graf von Benckendorff (russian: Александр Христофорович Бенкендорф, Alexander Khristoforovich Benkendorf, – ) was a Baltic German Cavalry General and statesman, Ad ...
near
Tallinn.
In the late 1830s, Stakenschneider emerged as the chief court architect of
Nicholas I of Russia. For this monarch and his children he designed the
Mariinsky Palace (1839–44),
Nicholas Palace
Nicholas Palace (Russian: Николаевский дворец, ''Nikolayevsky dvorets'') was one of several St Petersburg palaces designed by Andreas Stackensneider (1802–65) for the children of Nicholas I of Russia. The palace of Grand Duke N ...
(1853–61),
New Michael Palace
The New Michael Palace (Ново-Михайловский дворец, ''Novo-Mikhailovsky Dvorets'') was the third Saint Petersburg palace designed by Andrei Stackenschneider for Nicholas I's children. It was built between 1857 and 1862 on th ...
(1857–61), as well as the
Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace
Beloselsky Belozersky Palace (Russian: Дворе́ц Белосе́льских-Белозе́рских; also known before the Revolution as the Palace of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, the Sergei Palace, and the Dmitry Palace) is a N ...
(1846–48) for Princess Kochubey. In
Peterhof he was responsible for the
Farm Palace
The Farm Palace (russian: Фермерский дворец) is a pavilion in the Alexandria Park of Peterhof, close to the Cottage Palace and Gothic Chapel. It was later expanded into a summer residence for the family of Tsesarevich Alexand ...
(1838–55), the Belvedere Palace (1853–56), and numerous garden pavilions.
Stakenschneider refurbished some rooms in the
Winter Palace and applied the
Greek Revival
The Greek Revival was an architectural movement which began in the middle of the 18th century but which particularly flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in northern Europe and the United States and Canada, but a ...
idioms to the imperial palace in
Oreanda
Oreanda ( Ukrainian and Russian: Ореанда; crh, Oreanda) is an urban-type settlement in the Yalta Municipality of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and annexed by Russi ...
,
Crimea
Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a po ...
(1842–52, burnt down 1882).
File:Mariinsky Palace Saint Petersburg.jpg, Mariinsky Palace in Saint Petersburg
File:DvorecTruda 29622.jpg, Nicholas Palace
Nicholas Palace (Russian: Николаевский дворец, ''Nikolayevsky dvorets'') was one of several St Petersburg palaces designed by Andreas Stackensneider (1802–65) for the children of Nicholas I of Russia. The palace of Grand Duke N ...
in Saint Petersburg
File:Alferaki Palace 2008.jpg, Alferaki Palace
Alferaki Palace is a museum in Taganrog, Russia, originally the home of the wealthy merchant Nikolay Alferaki. It was built in 1848 by the architect Andrei Stackenschneider on ''Frunze Street'' (formerly ''Katolicheskaya''), in downtown Taganrog ...
in Taganrog
File:Beloselskii.jpg, Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace
Beloselsky Belozersky Palace (Russian: Дворе́ц Белосе́льских-Белозе́рских; also known before the Revolution as the Palace of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, the Sergei Palace, and the Dmitry Palace) is a N ...
in Saint Petersburg
File:Keila-Joa loss.JPG, Keila-Joa manor in Estonia, Stackenschneider's first independent work
File:2129. Петергоф. Императорский телеграф.jpg, Palace Telegraph Station, located in Alexandria Park, Peterhof
References
* Петрова Т.А. А. Штакеншнейдер. Л., 1978.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stackenschneider, Andrei
1802 births
1865 deaths
People from Gatchinsky District
People from Saint Petersburg Governorate
Russian and Soviet-German people
19th-century architects from the Russian Empire