Anapa (russian: Ана́па, ) is a
town in
Krasnodar Krai,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eight ...
, located on the northern coast of the
Black Sea near the
Sea of Azov. Population:
History
The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sinda) and then the capital of
Sindica
The Sindi ( grc, Σινδοι, Sindoi; la, Sindi) were an ancient Scythian people who primarily lived in western Ciscaucasia. A portion of the Sindi also lived in Central Europe. Their name is variously written, and Pomponius Mela calls them Sin ...
. The colony of Gorgippia ( el, Γοργιππία) was built on the site of Sinda in the 6th century BCE by
Pontic Greeks, who named it after a king of the
Cimmerian Bosporus
The Kerch Strait, uk, Керченська протока, crh, Keriç boğazı, ady, Хы ТӀуалэ is a strait in Eastern Europe. It connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea in the west from ...
. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, Gorgippia flourished as part of the
Bosporan Kingdom
The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (, ''Vasíleio toú Kimmerikoú Vospórou''), was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus ...
, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the
Russian Museum. Gorgippia was inhabited until the 3rd century CE, when it was overrun by neighbouring native tribes. These tribes, of Circassian or
Adyghe origin (specifically of the
Natkhuay tribe), gave Anapa its modern name.
Later the Black Sea littoral was overrun by successive waves of Asiatic nomads, including the
Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (; grc, Σαρμαται, Sarmatai; Latin: ) were a large confederation of ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples of classical antiquity who dominated the Pontic steppe from about the 3rd century BC to the 4th cen ...
,
Ostrogoths,
Huns,
Avars,
Gokturks,
Khazars,
Tatars and
Circassians
The Circassians (also referred to as Cherkess or Adyghe; Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэхэр, romanized: ''Adıgəxər'') are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia ...
who are native to the Northwestern Caucasus. The settlement was renamed Mapa by the
Genoese at the turn of the 14th century. Genoese domination lasted until the arrival of an Ottoman fleet in 1475. The Turks later built a fort against the Russian Cossacks. The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople (1829). See . It was included in
Black Sea Okrug
Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have o ...
of
Kuban Oblast and was granted town status in 1846.
It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853 and 1856 during the
Crimean War
The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia.
Geopolitical causes of the war included the ...
. It became part of
Black Sea Governorate
The Black Sea Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, established in 1896 on the territory of the of the Kuban Oblast. The administrative center of the governorate was the Black Sea port of N ...
in 1896.
Elizabeth Pilenko
Maria Skobtsova (20 Old_Calendar.html"_;"title="_Old_Calendar">_Old_CalendarDecember_1891_–_31_March_1945),_known_as_Mother_Maria_(russian:_Мать_Мария),_Saint_Mary_(or_Mother_Maria)_of_Paris,_born_Elizaveta_Yurievna_Pilenko_(),_Kuz ...
, later named as a saint in the
Eastern Orthodox Church, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of
Kuban-Black Sea Oblast
Kuban Black Sea Oblast (russian: Куба́но-Черномо́рская о́бласть) was an administrative division (an ''oblast'') of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which existed in 1920–1924.
When Soviet power was re ...
in 1920. During World War II, it was occupied and totally demolished by
Nazi Germany with the help of
Romanian troops between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Anapa serves as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
of
Anapsky District
Anapsky District (russian: Ана́пский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia.Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 It is located in the west of the krai. Its administrative ...
, even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is, together with three
rural localities, incorporated separately as the
Town of Anapa—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.
As a
municipal division, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of
Anapsky District
Anapsky District (russian: Ана́пский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-eight in Krasnodar Krai, Russia.Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 It is located in the west of the krai. Its administrative ...
are incorporated as
Anapa Urban Okrug.
[Charter of Anapa Urban Okrug][Law #676-KZ]
Tourism
The town boasts a number of
sanatoria and hotels. Anapa,
Sochi
Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, up to 600,000 residents in ...
, and several other cities along the Russian coast of the Black Sea have enjoyed a substantial increase in popularity among Russians since the dissolution of the
Soviet Union, which left traditional Soviet resort cities in
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
and
Ukraine. Anapa is served by the
Anapa Airport
Anapa Airport (russian: аэропорт Анапа) , also known as Vityazevo Airport (russian: аэропорт Витязево) is an international airport located near Vityazevo village in Anapa, Russia. It serves the resort town of Anap ...
.
Anapa, like the other Black Sea coast resorts, has a superb sunny summer climate. Anapa has beautiful, mostly sandy beaches. However, Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Europe via Moscow or
Krasnodar. Anapa remains an attractive option for Russians who prefer the inexpensive Russian resort to other destinations.
Transportation
Анапа.Вокзал.JPG, Train station in Anapa
Аэропорт_Анапа_1.jpg, Anapa Airport
Transportation facilities include the
Anapa Airport
Anapa Airport (russian: аэропорт Анапа) , also known as Vityazevo Airport (russian: аэропорт Витязево) is an international airport located near Vityazevo village in Anapa, Russia. It serves the resort town of Anap ...
, a railway station, an international passenger port for small-tonnage ships, a bus station, and a network of highways.
Climate
Anapa has a
humid subtropical climate (
Köppen climate classification ''Cfa'') with mediterranean (''Csa'') influences at the lower elevations.
Compared to cities further south along the coast like
Novorossiysk and
Sochi
Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, up to 600,000 residents in ...
, Anapa receives considerably less rainfall but has somewhat colder winters.
Culture
The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street. It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center. There are twenty nine public libraries including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 roubles, in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.
There is museum of Local History () on Protapova Street.
Architecture and sights
*The Gorgippia Archeological museum
*Gates of Turkish fortress
*Church of St. Onuphrius
*Lighthouse
*Wildlife preserve of
Bolshoy Utrish
Bolshoi (, meaning ''big'', ''large'', ''great'', ''grand'', etc.) may refer to:
*Bolshoi Theatre, a ballet and opera theatre in Moscow, Russia
**Bolshoi Ballet, a ballet company at the Bolshoi Theatre
*Bolshoi Theatre, Saint Petersburg, a ballet a ...
south of
Sukko
Sukko (russian: Сукко) is a rural locality (a '' selo'') in Anapsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located south of Anapa on the shore of the Black Sea and serving as a resort. Population: 3,156 ( 2010 Census).It lies in the north of ...
List of mayors
*
Maria Skobtsova
*Valentin Mashukov
*Germogen Korolyov
*Mikhail Boyur
*Vitaly Astapenko
*Vladimir Tsukanov
*
Anatoly Pakhomov
*Tatyana Yevsikova
Activities carried out in the town
*
Kinoshock Film Festival
*Blue-eyed Anapa song Festival
*
Russian coast guard
The Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB (russian: Береговая охрана Пограничной службы ФСБ России, Beregovaya okhrana Pogranichnoy sluzhby FSB Rossii), previously known as the Maritime Units of the ...
academy
Twin towns and sister cities
Anapa is
twinned with:
*
Gomel
Gomel (russian: Гомель, ) or Homiel ( be, Гомель, ) is the administrative centre of Gomel Region and the second-largest city in Belarus with 526,872 inhabitants (2015 census).
Etymology
There are at least six narratives of the ori ...
,
Belarus
*
Novy Urengoy
Novy Urengoy (russian: Но́вый Уренго́й, lit: “New Urengoy”; Nenets: Едэй Уренгой, ''Edėy Urengoy'') is a city in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Population: It is the second largest city in the autonomous ...
, Russia
*
Larissa, Greece
Gallery
Anapa. Administration.JPG, Administration building
Anapa. Anapka river.JPG, Anapa river
Анапа 2011 (0001).jpg, The sea in Anapa
Anapa. Lighthouse.JPG, Lighthouse
Anapa. Svyato-Onufrievsky hram.jpg, temple of Saint Onuphrius the Great
Русские ворота и остатки стен крепости - back view.JPG, The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort
Анапа 2011 (0003).jpg, Equestrian statue in Gemete restaurant of the Colosseum
Anapa beach.jpg, Beach in the Little Bay
Anapa estrada.jpg, Concert platform "Summer Estrada"
Anapa_chapel.jpg, Chapel of the Prophet Hosea
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
External links
Official website of Anapa Urban OkrugAnapa Information PortalDirectory of organizations in Anapa
{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Krasnodar Krai
Populated places established in the 6th century BC
Milesian Pontic colonies
Bosporan Kingdom
Seaside resorts in Russia
Territories of the Republic of Genoa
1846 establishments in the Russian Empire