The American China Policy Association (ACPA) was an anti-communist organization that supported the government of Republic of China, now commonly referred to as Taiwan, under Chiang Kai-shek.

Origins

On July 17, 1946, J. B. Powell, correspondent, and Helen Loomis, missionary teacher, founded the American China Policy Association (ACPA).

Alfred Kohlberg Alfred Kohlberg (January 27, 1887, San Francisco, California, April 7, 1960, New York City, New York) was an American textile importer. A staunch anti-Communist, he was a member of the pro-Chiang " China lobby", as well as an ally of Wisconsin Sen ...

, a leader in the China Lobby joined as chairman shortly thereafter to promote American interests by promoting the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek and the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...

as a counter to Soviet and Chinese Communist support. (Another source says that Kohlberg established ACPA.)

Activities

In 1947, co-founder J. B. Powell died, succeeded by

Clare Booth Luce Clare Boothe Luce ( Ann Clare Boothe; March 10, 1903 – October 9, 1987) was an American writer, politician, U.S. ambassador, and public conservative figure. A versatile author, she is best known for her 1936 hit play '' The Women'', which h ...

(wife of Henry R. Luce) as president for one year, then by newspaper publisher William Loeb III. In 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party seized full control of mainland China and established the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, the ACPA accused the

United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government responsible for the country's fore ...

of "losing China." ACPA supported its allegations with copious literature: letters, pamphlets, brochures, press releases, and book reviews. Kohlberg's name went on most of those publications. ACPA obtained two US Army intelligence reports, which it reproduced via "photolithography" and made available to the press; these documents showed numerous errors and omissions by the State Department. Directly and through ACPA, Kohlberg criticized US President

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...

and US Secretary of State

George C. Marshall George Catlett Marshall Jr. (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American army officer and statesman. He rose through the United States Army to become Chief of Staff of the US Army under Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry ...

. During the

Korean War , date = {{Ubl, 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 (''de facto'')({{Age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=6, day1=25, year1=1950, month2=7, day2=27, year2=1953), 25 June 1950 – present (''de jure'')({{Age in years, months, weeks a ...

, ACPA advocacy "effectively changed" America's orientation with regard to Communist China.

Members

ACPA's board of directors included: *

(also member of

AJLAC The Joint Committee Against Communism, also known as the Joint Committee Against Communism in New York, was an anti-communist organization during the 1950s. Origins Benjamin Schultz of Rochester, New York, had studied under Rabbi Stephen S. W ...

, '' Plain Talk'') *

Isaac Don Levine Isaac Don Levine (January 19, 1892 – February 15, 1981) was a 20th-century Russian-born American journalist and anticommunist writer, who is known as a specialist on the Soviet Union. He worked with Soviet ex-spy Walter Krivitsky in a 1939 exp ...

(also member of

, '' Plain Talk'') *

William Loeb III William Loeb III (December 26, 1905 – September 14, 1981) was publisher of the '' Manchester Union Leader'' newspaper (later ''The New Hampshire Union Leader'') in Manchester, New Hampshire, for thirty-five years from 1946 until his death. His un ...

Freda Utley Winifred Utley (23 January 1898 – 21 January 1978), commonly known as Freda Utley, was an English scholar, political activist and best-selling author. After visiting the Soviet Union in 1927 as a trade union activist, she joined the Communist P ...

* Irene Corbally Kuhn *

Max Eastman Max Forrester Eastman (January 4, 1883 – March 25, 1969) was an American writer on literature, philosophy and society, a poet and a prominent political activist. Moving to New York City for graduate school, Eastman became involved with radical ...

* Walter H. Judd
Geraldine Fitch
ref name=ECAR/> * William R. Johnson * Margaret Proctor Smith *

David Prescott Barrows David Prescott Barrows (June 27, 1873 – September 5, 1954) was an American anthropologist, explorer, and educator. Born in Chicago in 1874, his family moved to California. He showed a keen interest in the life and customs of Native Americans, ...

William Henry Chamberlin William Henry Chamberlin (February 17, 1897 – September 12, 1969) was an American historian and journalist. He was the author of several books about the Cold War, communism, and foreign policy, including ''The Russian Revolution 1917-1921'' (19 ...

George Creel George Edward Creel (December 1, 1876 – October 2, 1953) was an American investigative journalist and writer, a politician and government official. He served as the head of the United States Committee on Public Information, a propaganda organ ...

Roscoe Pound Nathan Roscoe Pound (October 27, 1870 – June 30, 1964) was an American legal scholar and educator. He served as Dean of the University of Nebraska College of Law from 1903 to 1911 and Dean of Harvard Law School from 1916 to 1936. He was a membe ...

Another person associated with ACPA was

Edna Lonigan Edna or EDNA may refer to: Places United States *Edna, California, a census-designated place *Edna Lake, Idaho * Edna, Iowa, an unincorporated town in Lyon County *Edna Township, Cass County, Iowa *Edna, Kansas, a city * Edna, Kentucky, an uni ...

References

{{Authority control Organizations established in 1946 Political advocacy groups in the United States Conservative organizations in the United States 1946 establishments in the United States 1950 disestablishments in the United States United States political action committees Anti-communist organizations in the United States

Origins

Activities

Members

See also

References