Albert Fraenkel (10 March 1848,

Frankfurt/Oder Frankfurt (Oder), also known as Frankfurt an der Oder (), is a city in the German state of Brandenburg. It has around 57,000 inhabitants, is one of the easternmost cities in Germany, the fourth-largest city in Brandenburg, and the largest German ...

– 6 July 1916,

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

) was a German

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

. He received his education at the

gymnasium (school) ''Gymnasium'' (and variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term '' preparatory high school''. Bef ...

of his native town and at the

University of Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (german: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a German public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin. It was established by Frederick William III on the initiative o ...

, whence he graduated as

doctor of medicine Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin language, Latin ''Medicinae Doctor'') is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a profes ...

in 1870. After having been assistant to

Adolph Kussmaul Adolph Kußmaul (german: Carl Philipp Adolf Konrad Kußmaul; 22 February 1822 – 28 May 1902) was a German physician and a leading clinician of his time. He was born as the son and grandson of physicians at Graben near Karlsruhe and studied at He ...

Ludwig Traube Ludwig Traube may refer to: *Ludwig Traube (physician) (1818–1876), German physician and co-founder of experimental pathology in Germany *Ludwig Traube (palaeographer) (1861–1907), his son, German paleographer {{hndis, Traube, Ludwig ...

and

Ernst Viktor von Leyden Ernst Viktor von Leyden (20 April 1832 – 5 October 1910) was a German internist from Danzig. Biography He studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Institut in Berlin, and was a pupil of Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864) and Lud ...

, he settled in the German capital, becoming a

lecturer Lecturer is an List of academic ranks, academic rank within many universities, though the meaning of the term varies somewhat from country to country. It generally denotes an academic expert who is hired to teach on a full- or part-time basis. T ...

at the university in 1877. He was a nephew of Traube, the third volume of whose "''Gesammelte Beiträge zur Pathologic und Physiologic''" he published in 1878. Fraenkel received the title of professor in 1884, and became director of the medical department of the Am Urbanplatz Hospital, Berlin.

Literary works

Following in the footsteps of Traube, Fraenkel's first works were on experimental

pathology Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...

, among them being the following: * "''Ueber den Einfluss der Verminderten Sauerstoffzufuhr zu den Geweben auf den Eiweiszerfall ()''", in Virchow's "Archiv," vol. lxvii; * with

, "''Ueber die Grösse der Kohlensäureausscheidung im Fieber''", ib. vol. lxxvi; * with J. Geppert, "''Ueber die Wirkungen der Verdünnten Luft auf den Organismus''", Berlin, 1873; After becoming lecturer at the university his field of special research was the

disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...

s of the

lungs The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of th ...

and the

heart The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide t ...

. Of his essays and works in this area may be mentioned: * "''Bakteriologische Mittheilungen über die Actiologie der Pneumonie''", in "''Zeitsch. für Klinische Medizin''", vols. x. and xi., in which essay he was the first to expound the theory of the micrococci of

pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity ...

; * "''Pathologie und Therapie der Krankheiten des Respirationsapparates''", 1890-1902; * "''Ueber Septikopyümische Erkrankungen, Speciell Akute Dermatomyositis''", 1894; * "''Ueber Akute Leukämie''", 1895; * "''Zur Pathologischen Anatomie des Bronchialasthma''", 1898. * His writings have appeared in the "''Charité Annalen''", "''Zeitschrift für Klinische Medizin''", "''Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift''", and "'' Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift''".

References

* Pagel, '' Biographisches Lexikon'', s.v.,

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, 1901;

::By Isidore Singer and

Frederick T. Haneman Frederick Theodore Haneman (20 September 1862 – 3 May 1950) was an American author best known for being a contributor to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia.'' Haneman lived and worked in Brooklyn, New York. While writing articles for the ''Jewish Encyclo ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frankel, Albert 19th-century German physicians People from Frankfurt (Oder) People from the Province of Brandenburg 1848 births 1916 deaths