The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir ( ar, حصن الأخيضر) or Abbasid palace of Ukhaider is located roughly 50 km south of
Karbala
Karbala or Kerbala ( ar, كَرْبَلَاء, Karbalāʾ , , also ;) is a city in central Iraq, located about southwest of Baghdad, and a few miles east of Lake Milh, also known as Razzaza Lake. Karbala is the capital of Karbala Governor ...
,
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
. It is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style. Constructed by the
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Mutta ...
caliph
As-Saffah
Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Saffāḥ ( ar, أبو العباس عبد الله بن محمد السفّاح; 721/722 – 8 June 754, al-Anbar) usually known as Abūʾl-ʿAbbās as-Saffāḥ or simply by his laqab As ...
's nephew
Isa ibn Musa
ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās () (–783/4) was a nephew of the first two Abbasid caliphs, as-Saffah () and al-Mansur (), and for a long time heir-apparent of the Caliphate, until he was superseded b ...
, Ukhaidir represents
Abbasid architectural innovation in the structures of its courtyards, residences and mosque. Excavations at Ukhaidir were conducted in the early 20th century by
Gertrude Bell
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell, CBE (14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926) was an English writer, traveller, political officer, administrator, and archaeologist. She spent much of her life exploring and mapping the Middle East, and became highl ...
, who wrote the first major report on the remains. Ukhaidir was an important stop on regional trade routes, similar to
Atshan
Atshan ( ar, عطشان) is a Syrian village located in the Suran Subdistrict in Hama District
Hama District ( ar, منطقة حماة ') is a district ( mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the time of the 2004 Cen ...
and
Mujdah.
[The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidar - UNESCO World Heritage Centre](_blank)
/ref> The complex comprises a primary hall, a large Iwan
An iwan ( fa, ایوان , ar, إيوان , also spelled ivan) is a rectangular hall or space, usually vaulted, walled on three sides, with one end entirely open. The formal gateway to the iwan is called , a Persian term for a portal projectin ...
, a reception hall and servants quarters. The fortress exemplifies Abbasid architecture in Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
by demonstrating the "despotic and the pleasure-loving character of the dynasty" in its grand size but cramped living quarters.
The current name could be related to ''Isma'il ibn Yusuf al-Ukhaidhir'' from Banu Ukhaidhir
The Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir ( ar, بنو الأخيضر), informally as Ukhaydhirites, was an Arab dynasty that ruled in Najd and al-Yamamah (central Arabia) from 867 to at least the mid-eleventh century. An Alid dynasty, they were descendants of Muham ...
who launched a rebellion against the Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Mutta ...
, then later he became the governor of Kufa
Kufa ( ar, الْكُوفَة ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Currently, Kufa and Najaf a ...
with the support of Qarmatians
The Qarmatians ( ar, قرامطة, Qarāmiṭa; ) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious-utopian socialist state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that ...
.
World Heritage Status
This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
Tentative List on July 7, 2000, in the Cultural category.
Gallery
File:حصن الاخيضر.jpg
File:حصن الاخيضر 8.jpg
File:حصن الاخيضر في كربلاء.jpg
File:حصن الاخيضر بشكل جديد.jpg
File:حصن الاخيضر (5).jpg
File:Al-Ukhaidir Fortess.jpg
File:Al-Ukhaidir Fortess 1.jpg
File:USMC-041229-M-0095Z-123.jpg
File:Al Ukhaidir Fortress Iraq عراق.jpg
File:حصن الاخيضر (2).jpg
Notes
References
Ukhaidir (Iraq) - About.com
Accessed 2009-09-25.
* Hillenbrand, R (1999), ''Islamic Art and Architecture'', Thames and Hudson, 1999.
Buildings and structures completed in 775
World Heritage Sites in Iraq
Karbala Governorate
Military history of the Abbasid Caliphate
Abbasid palaces
Castles in Iraq
Palaces in Iraq
Lakhmids
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