Aillarehue or Ayllarehue (from the

Mapudungun Mapuche (, Mapuche & Spanish: , or Mapudungun; from ' 'land' and ' 'speak, speech') is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people (from ''mapu'' 'land' and ''che ...

: ayllarewe/ayjarewe: "nine rehues"); a confederation of

rehue A rehue (Mapudungun spelling rewe) or kemukemu is a type of pillar-like sacred altar used by the Mapuche of Chile in many of their ceremonies. Altar/Axis mundi The ''rehue'' is a carved tree trunk set in the ground, surrounded by a hedge o ...

s or family-based units (

lof Lof (Spanish: ''levo'' and ''lov'') or caví (Spanish: ''cahuín''); formed the basic social organization of the Mapuche, Mapuche-Huilliche and the extinct Picunche peoples, consisting of a familial clan or lineage that recognizes the authority o ...

) that dominated a region or province. It was the old administrative and territorial division of the

Mapuche The Mapuche ( (Mapuche & Spanish: )) are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who sha ...

Huilliche The Huilliche , Huiliche or Huilliche-Mapuche are the southern partiality of the Mapuche macroethnic group of Chile. Located in the Zona Sur, they inhabit both Futahuillimapu ("great land of the south") and, as the Cunco subgroup, the north hal ...

and the extinct

Picunche The Picunche (a Mapudungun word meaning "North People"), also referred to as ''picones'' by the Spanish, were a Mapudungun-speaking people living to the north of the Mapuches or Araucanians (a name given to those Mapuche living between the Itata an ...

people. Aillarehue acted as a unit only on special festive, religious, political and especial military occasions. Several aillarehues formed the

Butalmapu Butalmapu or Fütalmapu is the name in Mapudungun for "great land", which were one of the great confederations wherein the Mapuche people organized themselves in case of war. These confederations corresponded to the great geographic areas inhabited ...

, the largest military and political organization of the Mapuche.

Etymology

Each Mapuche

, levo or ''caví'' (lineage) celebrated its religious rituals at a unique rehue or rewe ("altar"), near the home of a local

lonko A lonko or lonco (from Mapudungun ''longko'', literally "head"), is a chief of several Mapuche communities. These were often ulmen, the wealthier men in the lof. In wartime, lonkos of the various local rehue or the larger aillarehue would gather in ...

Ulmen Ulmen is a town in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named ''Verbandsgemeinde'' – a kind of collective municipality – to which it also belongs. Geography Location The town lies in the Eife ...

cacique A ''cacique'' (Latin American ; ; feminine form: ''cacica'') was a tribal chieftain of the Taíno people, the indigenous inhabitants at European contact of the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles. The term is a Spa ...

, often the word ''rehue'' was used with the sense of party or clan ("I am from this rehue"), in a way similar to the old form of Christian administrative allegiance to parishes. Although aillarehue ment "nine altars" these confederations did not necessarily conform to this number of rehues. The name of many of these aillarehue confederations have remained in the present

toponymy Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of ...

of the southern regions of Chile.

List of known Mapuche Butalmapu, their aillarehues and their known member rehues

''Picunmapu''

Although it is known the

had many aillarehues in the central zone of Chile, like those of

Codegua Codegua () is a Chilean commune and city in Cachapoal Province, O'Higgins Region. According to the 2002 census, the commune population was 10,796 and has an area of 286.9 km². Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Sta ...

Vichuquén Vichuquén is a commune in the Curicó Province of Chile's Maule Region. History The Spanish arrived along the Lico rivers in 1585, where settlements of the Mapuche and Inca already existed. In 1865, Vichuquén founded its capital of the villa ...

and Rapel most of their names are unknown. The following list is reconstructed from the listing of the aillarehues of the

Moluche The Moluche ("people from where the sun sets" or "people from the west") or Nguluche are an indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous people of Chile. Their language was a dialect of Mapudungun, a Mapuche language. At the beginning of the Con ...

and

between the

Itata River The Itata River flows in the Ñuble Region, southern Chile. Until the Conquest of Chile, the Itata was the natural limit between the Mapuche, located to the south, and Picunche, to the north. See also *Itata *List of rivers in Chile This list o ...

and

Reloncaví Sound Reloncaví Sound or ''Seno de Reloncaví'' is a body of water immediately south of Puerto Montt, a port city in the Los Lagos Region of Chile. It is the place where the Chilean Central Valley meets the Pacific Ocean. The Calbuco Archipelago comp ...

, due to the work of

Ricardo E. Latcham Ricardo Eduardo Latcham Cartwright (Thornbury, England, 5 March 1869 - Santiago, Chile, 16 October 1943) was an English-Chilean archaeologist, ethnologist, folklore scholar and teacher. Born and raised near Bristol, England, as Richard Edward La ...

in the 1920s. Five Butalmapu were known to the Spanish at the beginning of the 18th century. Add to them the one in the region between the

Itata ''Itata'' is a genus of spiders in the jumping spider family, Salticidae. Name The genus name is derived from the Itata River in southern Chile. Species * '' Itata completa'' (Banks, 1929) – Panama * '' Itata isabellina'' ( Taczanowski, 1878) ...

and

Bio Bio River Bio or BIO may refer to: Computing * bio(4), a pseudo-device driver in RAID controller management interface in OpenBSD and NetBSD * Block I/O, a concept in computer data storage Politics * Julius Maada Bio (born 1964), Sierra Leonean politicia ...

s, that existed at the early part of the

Conquest of Chile The Conquest of Chile is a period in Chilean historiography that starts with the arrival of Pedro de Valdivia to Chile in 1541 and ends with the death of Martín García Óñez de Loyola in the Battle of Curalaba in 1598, and the destruction of th ...

. With this one six are known to have existed. One is thought to have existed among the

to the north of the Itata River, at the beginning of the conquest. It is thought to have extended from the Limari to the

Mataquito River Mataquito is a river located in the Province of Curicó, Maule Region of Chile and formed by the union of rivers Teno and Lontué about 10 kilometers west of Curicó near the locality of Sagrada Familia and empties into the Pacific Ocean south ...

s. The Picunche of the region of the Maule River valley may have been a separate Butalmapu or an aillarehue allied with the

Cauquenes Cauquenes, a city and commune in Chile, is the capital of the Cauquenes Province and is located in the Maule Region. History According to the historical records of Alonso de Ercilla, Cauquenes was originally inhabited by an indigenous community o ...

aillarehue and aillarehue of the northern Moluche Butalmapu at the time of the

Inca The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, (Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts", "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The admin ...

invasion of Chile and at the

Battle of the Maule The Battle of the Maule (in Mapudungun: ''Mawlen Weichantun'', in Quechua: ''Mawlli Ch'iraqi'') was fought between a coalition of Mapuche people of Chile and the Inca Empire of Peru. Traditionally this battle is held to have occurred near what is n ...

.Their allies south of the Maule were the Cauqui(Cauquenes), Antalli (Andalién?), and Pincu(Peguco?). From the '
Comentarios reales
'' of de

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (12 April 1539 – 23 April 1616), born Gómez Suárez de Figueroa and known as El Inca, was a chronicler and writer born in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Sailing to Spain at 21, he was educated informally there, where he ...

, Segunda Parte : Libro VII Cap. 19

Butalmapu between the Itata and Bio Bio Rivers

The Butalmapu of

aillarehues located between the coast and the foothills of the Andes between the Itata River and Bio Bio River. *

Coelemu Coelemu is a Chilean commune and city in Itata Province, Ñuble Region. According to the 2002 census, the commune population was 16,082 and has an area of . Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Coelemu ...

(Spanish name ''Gualemo'') between the Itata River and

Estero Bureo Estero Bureo a small river on the Pacific coast of the Tomé commune, Concepcion Province, Biobío Region of Chile north of Penco and south of the Itata River. The Buero surrounds by a meander the city of Mulchén Mulchén is a city and commune ...

. ** Coelemu ** Otohue ** Coihueco * Peguco (Spanish name

Penco Penco ( Mapudungun: See (''Pen''), Water (''Ko'')), is a Chilean city and commune in Concepción Province, Bío Bío Region on the Bay of Concepción. Founded as the city of Concepción del Nuevo Extremo ('beginning of the new extreme') on Febr ...

) between the Estero Bureo and Andalién Rivers. ** Talcahuenu ** Aquelpangue ** Arana ** Puchacay ** Andalién * Rere on both sides of the Claro River ** Huelén-Huelén ** Cahuiñungue ** Guachumávida **

Talcamávida Talcamávida is a town in the commune of Hualqui in the Biobío Region of Chile. It is located on the north bank of the Bio Bio River across from Santa Juana on the opposite shore. It occupied a plain along the river from the Pacific Ocean that ...

Hualqui Hualqui () is a Chilean city and commune in the Concepción Province, Biobio Region. It is also part of the Greater Concepcion conurbation, although it maintains a rural profile. It had a population of 24,333 inhabitants according to the 201 ...

to the north of the Bio Bio River, from

Quilacoya River Quilacoya River is located in the Hualqui commune of Concepcion Province of Chile. It has course of about 40 kilometers with a small volume. It originates in the southern slopes of the series of heights of Lucay that run from east to west in the so ...

to the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

and south of the Andalién River. ** Laleufu ** Quilacoya ** Yecutun **

or Gualque ** Talcahuenu * Llancamilla (Spanish usually called it ''Llaucamilla'') between the Itata River and the region near Los Ángeles, east of Rere. ** Tolmilla ** Quelenmapuco * Rarinlevu between the Laja River and Bio Bio River east of Los Ángeles. ** (names of rehues unknown)

''Lafkenmapu''

The Butalmapu of

aillarehues located between the coast and the

Nahuelbuta Range The Nahuelbuta Range or Cordillera de Nahuelbuta () is a mountain range in Bio-Bio and Araucania Region, southern Chile. It is located along the Pacific coast and forms part of the larger Chilean Coast Range. The name of the range derives from th ...

between the Bio Bio River and the

Toltén River Toltén River is a river located in the La Araucanía Region of Chile. It rises at Villarrica Lake, close to the city of the same name. Its major tributary is the Allipén River. From its confluence with the Allipén, the river follows a braided ...

, (from north to south): * Marihuenu between the Bio Bio and the

Carampangue River Carampangue River is a small river in Arauco Province, Bío Bío Region of Chile. It has its main source in the hill of la Piedra, South of the Heights of Purgatorio in the Nahuelbuta Range southwest of the town of Santa Juana, and it runs to the ...

s ** Neculhuenu ** Pailahuenu ** Topillanca ** Antuhuenu ** Colcura ** Marihuenu ** Huenurehue ** Chechelevo ** Conilevo ** Quiapeo ** Cahuinhuenu * Arauco between the Carampangue and the

Lebu River Lebu River an important river of the Arauco Province. It has his sources in the western slope of the Nahuelbuta Range to the east of the city and port of Lebu, capital of the province and named for the river. The Lebu is formed from the confluen ...

s ** Panguerehue ** Millarupue ** Llaghupai ( Lavapie) ** Quidico ** Quiapo ** Levo ( Lebu) ** Colico ** Arauco **

Andalicán Andalicán during the era of conquest and colonial times in Chile was the name of the high hill in the middle of two ravines and site of a fortress built by the Mapuche in 1557 to prevent García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, García H ...

Tucapel Tucapel is a town and commune in the Bío Bío Province, Bío Bío Region, Chile. It was once a region of Araucanía named for the Tucapel River. The name of the region derived from the rehue and aillarehue of the Moluche people of the area b ...

between the Lebu and the Lleulleu Rivers ** Molhuilli ** Lincoyan **

Pilmaiquén Pilmaiquén or Pilmayquen ( Mapudungun for wanderer) is a riachuelo in the commune of Cañete in Arauco Province in the Bío Bío Region of Chile that flows southwest towards the coast of the Pacific Ocean, to the northwest of the city of Cañet ...

** Paicavi ** Ancalemu ** Thomelemu ** Cayucupil ** Ilicura ** Vutalevu * Licanievu between the Lleulleu and the Tirua Rivers ** Chamacodo ** Lemolemo ** Villoto ** Colcuimo ** Relomo ** Pillurehue ** Vilurehue ** Provinco ** Licanlebu ** Tirua * Ranquilhue between the Tirua and the

Cautín River The Cautín (Rio Cautín) is a river in Chile. It rises on the western slopes of the Cordillera de Las Raíces and flows in La Araucanía Region. The river's main tributary is the Quepe River. The city of Temuco is located on the Cautín River. ...

s ** Ranquilhue ** Quinahuel ** Pellahuenu ** Claroa ** Rangaloe ** Trevolhue ** Moncolhue * Cautín between the Cautín and the

s ** Pelulcura ** Llamocavi ** Coyamrehue ** Celolebu ** Budi

''Lelfünmapu''

The Butalmapu of

aillarehues located in the

Chilean Central Valley The Central Valley ( es, Valle Central), Intermediate Depression, or Longitudinal Valley is the depression between the Chilean Coastal Range and the Andes Mountains. The Chilean Central Valley extends from the border with Peru to Puerto Montt in ...

and between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River: *

Catiray Catirai or Catiray is the region of the Moluche Aillarehue of Catiray in old Araucanía. It is now the Santa Juana commune of the Concepción Province and the Nacimiento commune of the Bío Bío Province of the Bío Bío Region, of Chile. It ...

east of the

to the Bio Bio River until Negete in the south. ** Pirenmavida ** Tavolevo ** Lincura ** Arumco ** Pilumrehue ** Curalevo ** Coyamco ** Quilalemu ** Gueche ** Chipimo ** Mayurehue ** Peterehue ** Namcurehue ** Millapoa * Chacaico between the Huequén River and the

Renaico River Renaico River is a Chilean river that, along all its length, straddles the border between the regions of Bío Bío and La Araucanía. Renaico River rises from the northwest flank of Cordillera de Pemehue, a western spur of the Andes The A ...

** Chacaico ** Viluquen *

Purén Purén is a city (2002 pop. 12,868) and commune in Malleco Province of La Araucanía Region, Chile. It is located in the west base of the Nahuelbuta mountain range (650 km. south of Santiago). The economical activity of Purén is based in fo ...

major parts of the old Department of Angol and of Traiguén from the Nahuelbuta Range to the

Rahue River Rahue River () is a river of Chile located in Los Lagos Region. It rises at the western end of the Rupanco Lake. In its middle course, the river flows through the city of Osorno in a north-south direction. Rahue river empties into the Bueno River ...

. ** Guadava **

** Coyamcahuin **

Lumaco Lumaco is a town and commune in Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Its name in Mapudungun means "water of '' luma''". Lumaco is located to northeast of Temuco and from Angol. It shares a boundary to the north with the comm ...

** Tomelemu ** Coipolevo ** Picoiquen ** Engolmo ** Leborupu ** Voquilemu * Rupucura located in both shores of the Cholchol River, from entrance of the Colpi River, to the Cautín River, and from the Cautin, from hills of Nielol to the Nahuelbuta Range. ** Nielol ** Rupucura ** Colpillan ** Voigueco *

Boroa Boroa, is a town in Araucanía, Chile on the shores of Cautín River. The region near the town south of the Cautin River between the Boroa and Quepe Rivers was the Moluche aillarehue of Boroa. The site of the town was founded as a Spanish fort '' ...

south of the Cautin River between the

and

Quepe River Quepe River is a river of Chile located in the La Araucanía Region. It originates in the lake of the same name, in the vicinity of Llaima volcano. Then flows about 112 km to join the Cautín River The Cautín (Rio Cautín) is a river in ...

s ** Boroa

''Ina piremapu''

The Butalmapu of

aillarehues located in the zone of the foothills of the

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

between the Bio Bio River and the Toltén River: * Malven the old Department of Mulchen to the hills of Pemehue. ** Malven ** Rucalhue ** Quilaco * Colhue between the rivers

Renaico Renaico () is a city and commune forming part of the Malleco Province in the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The city is located on the south bank of the Renaico River. Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Ins ...

and Malleco. ** Colhue * Quecherehue between the Huequén and Traiguén Rivers. ** Quecherehue ** Adencul ** Nupangue ** Quillahueque * Quillinco between the Traiguén and Cautin Rivers ** Quillinco * Maquehue between the Cautin and

s ** Maquehue ** Quincholco ** Chumilemo ** Puellocavi ** Alihueco ** Ailangue ** Purumen

''Piren mapu''

The Butalmapu of

Pehuenche Pehuenche (or ''Pewenche'', people of the "pehuen" or "pewen" in Mapudungun) are an indigenous people of South America. They live in the Andes, primarily in present-day south central Chile and adjacent Argentina. Their name derives from their de ...

aillarehues located in the zone of the

cordillera A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas. The term is borrowed from Spanish, where the word comes from , a diminutive of ('rope'). The term is most commonly u ...

between the Itata and the Toltén Rivers: * Quilcolco between the Duqueco and the Bio Bio Rivers ** Mincoya ** Coquilpoco ** Otarachina ** Iguamamilla ** Iguandepirén ** Inaculicán ** Maricaiveo ** Alcanhuere ** Calvulicán ** Millanaliuél ** Chancanahuél *Rucalhue, between the valley of the Bio Bio, in the vicinity of Santa Bárbara ** Marupu ** Memacoiputuongo ** Tililco ** Queuco * Callaqui in the same valley in the vicinity of the Callaque volcano. * Lolco from Callaque to

Lonquimay Lonquimay is a town and commune in the Malleco Province of southern Chile's Araucanía Region. Transport It is the terminus of an abandoned broad gauge railway project which supporters cited as the most practical railway route through the An ...

. * Liucura from Lonquimay to Gualletué. * Huenchulafquén, the vicinity of lake Huenchulafquén.

''Willimapu''

The Butalmapu of

and

Cuncos Cuncos or Juncos is a poorly known subgroup of Huilliche people native to coastal areas of southern Chile and the nearby inland. Mostly a historic term, Cuncos are chiefly known for their long-running conflict with the Spanish during the colonia ...

aillarehues located in between the Toltén River and the

Bueno River Bueno River (Spanish: ''Río Bueno'') is a river in southern Chile. It originates in Ranco Lake and like most of Chile rivers it drains into the Pacific Ocean at the southern boundary of the Valdivian Coastal Reserve. Its lower flow forms the bo ...

: * Maricünga or Mariquina located in plain on both banks of the

Cruces River The Cruces River ( es, Río Cruces) is a river in south-central Chile. Río Cruces originates from hills near the Villarica volcano and flows then in south-west direction. The southern and final part of the river flows in a south-south-west di ...

. ** Marileufu ** Chonqui ** Rucaraque * Chedque geographic location unknown * Huenuhue or Guanehue vicinity of

Panguipulli Lake The Panguipulli Lake ( ; es, Lago Panguipulli) is one of the " Seven Lakes" in Panguipulli municipality, southern Chile. The lake is of glacial origin and it is enclosed by mountain ranges of the Andes, on all sides except the west, where the to ...

. * Pidhuinco geographic location unknown * Arique, to the south of the

Calle-Calle River Calle-Calle River, also called Gudalafquén in Mapuche language, is a river in Valdivia Province, southern Chile. It drains waters from the San Pedro River to the Valdivia River, which in turn flows into Corral Bay on the Pacific Ocean. The Ri ...

to the Callileufu River. * Naghtoltén south of the

, between the sea and the Donquill River. * Quele to the south of Naghtoltén, from the coast, contiguous with the Maricüga River. ** Coipolavquén ** Huelchehue * Huadalafquén from the north bank of the Calle-Calle River to the coast, bounded on the north by Maricüga. ** Lucone ** Popalán ** Pocotí ** Calle Calle ** Piden * Riñihue in the region of

Riñihue Lake The Riñihue Lake ( es, Lago Riñihue ) is a lake of glacial origin in eastern Valdivia Province, southern Chile. It is surrounded by several mountains. The eastern side receives the waters of the Panguipulli Lake by the Enco River, its main con ...

* Quinchilca to the west of Riñihue and on both sides of the Quinchilca River. * Collico, between the Calle Calle and

Futa River Futa River is a river in Los Ríos Region, Chile. It drains waters from the cordillera at the Valdivian Coast Range border north to Tornagaleones River, which in turn flows into the Pacific Ocean at Corral Bay. See also

*List of rivers of Ch ...

s. * Cudico, the region between the Futa River and the sea. ** Sepilloa ** Colleco ** Lepilmapu * Daghlipulli, to the east of Cudico. * Quechurehue, between the

Allipén River Allipén River is a river located in the La Araucanía Region of Chile. It is formed at the junction of the rivers Trufultruful and ''Zahuelhue'', near Melipeuco. The basin of the river comprises approximately 36 percent of the Conguillío Natio ...

and

Villarrica Lake Lake Villarrica, also known as Mallalafquén (its pre-Hispanic name is Mapudungun), is located about 700 kilometers south of Santiago in Chile's Lake District in the southeast area of the Province of Cautín. On its east shore lies the city of P ...

. * Ranco, in the region of

Ranco Lake Ranco Lake ( es, Lago Ranco) is located in Ranco Province of Chile. It is the largest lake of Los Ríos Region and the fourth largest in Chile. Administratively Ranco Lake is split into three communes; La Unión, Futrono and Lago Ranco. The l ...

''Chawra kawin''

The Butalmapu of

and

aillarehues located between the Bueno River and the

: * Coihueco south of

Osorno, Chile Osorno (Mapuche: Chauracavi) is a city and commune in southern Chile and capital of Osorno Province in the Los Lagos Region. It had a population of 145,475, as of the 2002 census. It is located south of the national capital of Santiago, north o ...

. * Cunco on the coast before

Llanquihue Lake Lake Llanquihue is the second-largest lake in Chile with an area of about , after Lake General Carrera which shared with Argentina. It is situated in the southern Los Lagos Region in the Llanquihue and Osorno provinces. The lake's fan-like form ...

. *

Quilacahuín Quilacahuín was a Huilliche aillarehue, that is a confederation of familial clans, of the '' Chawra kawin'' Butalmapu located south of the Bueno River, between the Rahue River and the sea, in southern Chile. Sources Juan Ignatius Molina, The Ge ...

, between the

and the sea. * Trumao to the north of Quilacahuín, on the South bank of the

. * Lipihue, to the southwest of Llanquihue lake. * Lepilmapu, between the Llico River and the

Maullín River Maullín River( es, Río Maullín) is a river of Chile located in the Los Lagos Region. The river originates as the outflow of Llanquihue Lake, and flows generally southwestward, over a number of small waterfalls, emptying into the Gulf of Coronad ...

. *

Carelmapu Carelmapu (lit. from Mapudungun "Green Land") is a port and town ( es, pueblo) at the western end of Chacao Channel, southern Chile. Carelmapu was established by the Spanish in 1602 as San Antonio Ribera de Carelmapu following the Destruction of ...

, to the south of the Maullín River. *

Calbuco Calbuco is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Calbuco. Administratively Calbuco belongs to the Llanquihue Province of Los Lagos Region. The origin of the city was the Spanish Fort Calbuco founded in 1603, an ...

, to the east of Carelmapu.

References

Sources

Juan Ignatius Molina, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chili, Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, London, 1809
*

''La organización social y las creencias religiosas de los antiguos araucanos'', Santiago de Chile, Impr. Cervantes, 1924.
{{mapuche Mapuche territorial units History of Chile