Afghan Australian

Afghan Australians ( prs, استرالیایی های افغان‌تبار ''Ostorâliyâi-hāye Afghān tabar'', ps, د اسټرالیا افغانان ''Da Asṭrālyā Afghanan'') are Australians tied to Afghanistan either by birth or by ancestry. The Australian Bureau of Statistics categorise these people as part of Southern and Central Asian Australians.

The first Afghans who migrated to Australia arrived mid the 19th century a
cameleers
Over subsequent decades, they played a crucial role in facilitating British exploration of the country’s desert center of the Australian Outback. Cameleers were prohibited from bringing their wives to Australia. Therefore, the Afghan demographic was almost entirely made up of men during this period. The White Australia policy prevented further migration from 1901 until the 1970s. At the time of the 2016 census, 46,800 Australians were born in Afghanistan. In 2008, 19,416 people claimed Afghan ancestry, either part of a mixed ancestry or Afghan alone. Total responses: 25,451,383 for total count of persons: 19,855,288.

Afghan cameleers

Although Afghans without camels are reported to have reached Australia as early as 1838, in the latter part of the 19th century several thousand men from Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Kashmir, Sind, Rajasthan, Egypt, Persia, Turkey and Punjab, but collectively known as "Afghans", were recruited during initial British development of the Outback, especially for the operation of camel trains in desert areas. The first Afghan cameleers arrived in Melbourne in June 1860, when three men arrived with a shipment of 24 camels for the Burke and Wills expedition.australia.gov.au > About Australia > Australian Stories > Afghan cameleers in Australia
Accessed 8 May 2014. They continued to work in the arid interior of the continent from the 1860s to the 1930s, until finally being superseded by the development of railways and motorised road transport. The Afghans played an important supportive role in the exploration and economic development of the interior through carting water, food and materials to remote pastoral stations and mining settlements, as well as for the construction of the Overland Telegraph, and the Port Augusta to Alice Springs railway. They also had an important role in establishing the Muslim faith in Australia.

Brief overview

Prior to 1979, approximately 149 Afghans came to Australia for educational purposes. During the 1980s Soviet–Afghan War and the 1990s civil war, over 7,000 Afghans arrived in Australia. The Afghan Australian community has produced a sizable number of individuals notable in many fields, including law, medicine, engineering, teaching and business.

In Sydney, the largest portion of Afghan Australians reside in the LGAs of City of Ryde (North Ryde, Macquarie Park, Marsfield, and Top Ryde), The Hills Shire ( Castle Hill, Cherrybrook, and Kellyville), Blacktown ( Glenwood, Parklea, Stanhope Gardens and Bella Vista) and Sutherland Shire ( Miranda). Ethnic Hazaras are believed to reside in suburbs such as Auburn and Merrylands.

In Melbourne the majority of Afghans live in Greater Dandenong and Casey. The recent arrival of Afghan asylum seekers by boat has changed the demography of the Afghan Australian community in a significant way. Once only a tiny minority, Hazaras are now more common among the Afghan Australian community in all major cities and small country towns such as Shepparton, Mildura and Swan Hill in Victoria and Griffith in NSW.

Smaller communities of Afghans are also found in Brisbane and Perth. Australian residents at the time of the 2006 Census who were born in Afghanistan arrived mostly in the 1990s (7,707) and since 2000 (8,554). Very few had arrived before 1979 (149). 9,356 (56%) had acquired Australian citizenship.

A large number of Afghans have migrated from New Zealand because of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement between Australia and New Zealand.

Cultural Centres

In Sydney there are several mosques at which Afghans gather, one located in North Ryde and another located in Auburn . The largest and most significant mosque is located in Blacktown, where the new mosque was inaugurated on 3 May 2014, after being reconstructed on the site of the old mosque. Across the road from the mosque is a cultural centre that hosts ceremonies such as wakes, community elections, awards etc. Custodianship of both properties belongs to the Afghan Community Support Association, the largest association representing Afghans in Australia.

Education

In Sydney there are two Saturday schools for Afghan Australian youths:
* Esteqlal Afghan Saturday School located at Castle Hill Library.
* Top Ryde Persian Saturday School located at Ryde Public School.

Language

Most Afghan Australians are fluent in English and their native Afghan languages such as Dari, Pashto, and Hazaragi (see Languages of Afghanistan).

Religion

Islam is the declared religion of most Afghan Australians. Additionally, there is a small minority of Christians. The Afghans have a long history in Australia. They built many mosques for worship in Australia and the first mosque was also built by the Afghan cameleers in the 19th century.

Human rights abuses

Afghan refugees alongside those of other nationalities claiming asylum in Australia have been victims of rights abuses in immigration detention centers. One publicized story in 2019 was of an Afghan doctor who studied in China and then claimed asylum in Australia, becoming demoralized during six years in detention and committing suicide in a Brisbane hotel.

Notable people

* Rasul Amin
* Mustafa Amini
* Yalda Hakim
* Saad Mohseni
* Fatima Payman
* Hussain Sadiqi
* Amin Saikal
* Mahmoud Saikal
* Mariam Veiszadeh
* Ben Barba

See also

* Afghan (Australia) - Muslim camel drivers who worked in outback Australia from the 1860s to the 1930s

References

External links

The Afghan Cameleeers in Australia

{{Afghan diaspora

Asian Australian