Acipenser
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''Acipenser'' is a
genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
of
sturgeons Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the Late Cretaceous, and are descended from other, earlier acipenseriform fish, which date back to the Early ...
. With 17 living species (others are only known from
fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...
remains), it is the largest genus in the order
Acipenseriformes Acipenseriformes is an order of basal ray-finned fishes that includes living and fossil sturgeons and paddlefishes (Acipenseroidei), as well as the extinct families Chondrosteidae and Peipiaosteidae. They are the second earliest div ...
. The genus is paraphyletic, containing all sturgeons that do not belong to ''
Huso ''Huso'' is a genus of large sturgeons from Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Ib ...
'', ''
Scaphirhynchus ''Scaphirhynchus'' is a genus of sturgeons native to the United States of America. All species in this genus are considered to be threatened. The pallid sturgeon is Endangered and the Alabama sturgeon is Critically Endangered. Distribution Memb ...
,'' or ''
Pseudoscaphirhynchus ''Pseudoscaphirhynchus'' is a genus of relatively small, highly threatened sturgeons that are restricted to the Aral Sea system (although extirpated from the Aral Sea itself), including the Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins, in Central Asia. ...
,'' with many species more closely related to the other three genera than they are to other species of ''Acipenser''. They are native to freshwater and estuarine systems of Eurasia and North America, and most species are
threatened Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants and fungi) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future. Species that are threatened are sometimes characterised by the population dynamics measure of ''critical depensa ...
. Several species also known to enter near-shore marine environments in the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific oceans.


Living species

There are 17 living species: *'' Acipenser baerii'' J. F. Brandt, 1869 **'' Acipenser baerii baerii'' J. F. Brandt, 1869 (Siberian sturgeon) **'' Acipenser baerii baicalensis'' A. M. Nikolskii, 1896 (Baikal sturgeon) **'' Acipenser baerii stenorrhynchus'' A. M. Nikolskii, 1896 *'' Acipenser brevirostrum'' Lesueur, 1818 (Shortnose sturgeon) *''
Acipenser dabryanus Dabry's sturgeon (''Acipenser dabryanus''), also known as the Yangtze sturgeon, Chiangjiang sturgeon and river sturgeon, is a species of fish in the sturgeon family, Acipenseridae.Zhuang, P., et al. (1997)Biology and life history of Dabry's stu ...
'' A. H. A. Duméril, 1869 (Yangtze sturgeon) *'' Acipenser fulvescens''
Rafinesque Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1817
(Lake sturgeon) *''
Acipenser gueldenstaedtii The Russian sturgeon (''Acipenser gueldenstaedtii''), also known as the diamond sturgeon or Danube sturgeon, is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae. It is found in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Turkey ...
'' J. F. Brandt &
Ratzeburg Ratzeburg (; Low German: ''Ratzborg'') is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is surrounded by four lakes—the resulting isthmuses between the lakes form the access lanes to the town. Ratzeburg is the capital of the district Herzogtum La ...
, 1833
(Russian sturgeon) *'' Acipenser medirostris'' Ayres, 1854 (Green sturgeon) *'' Acipenser mikadoi'' Hilgendorf, 1892 (Sakhalin sturgeon) *'' Acipenser naccarii'' Bonaparte, 1836 (Adriatic sturgeon) *'' Acipenser nudiventris'' Lovetsky, 1828 (Fringebarbel sturgeon) *'' Acipenser oxyrinchus'' Mitchill, 1815 **'' Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi'' Vladykov, 1955 (Gulf sturgeon) **'' Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus'' Mitchill, 1815 (Atlantic sturgeon) *'' Acipenser persicus''
Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin ( rus, link=no, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir’yevich Borodin , p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin, a=RU-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin.ogg, ...
, 1897
(Persian sturgeon) *'' Acipenser ruthenus''
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758
(Sterlet, Sterlet sturgeon) *'' Acipenser schrenckii'' J. F. Brandt, 1869 (Japanese sturgeon) *'' Acipenser sinensis''
J. E. Gray John Edward Gray, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoology, zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ...
, 1835
(Chinese sturgeon) *''
Acipenser stellatus The starry sturgeon (''Acipenser stellatus'') also known as stellate sturgeon or sevruga (Drakul, , and tr, Uzun Burun, lit=long nosed), is a species of sturgeon. It is native to the Black, Azov, Caspian and Aegean sea basins, but it has b ...
''
Pallas Pallas may refer to: Astronomy * 2 Pallas asteroid ** Pallas family, a group of asteroids that includes 2 Pallas * Pallas (crater), a crater on Earth's moon Mythology * Pallas (Giant), a son of Uranus and Gaia, killed and flayed by Athena * Pa ...
, 1771
(Starry sturgeon) *''
Acipenser sturio The European sea sturgeon (''Acipenser sturio''), also known as the Atlantic sturgeon or common sturgeon, is a species of sturgeon native to Europe. It was formerly abundant, being found in coastal habitats all over Europe. It is anadromous and b ...
''
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
, 1758
(European sea sturgeon) *'' Acipenser transmontanus'' J. Richardson, 1836 (White sturgeon)


Fossil species

There are 10 species known from fossil remains: * †'' Acipenser albertensis'' Lambe 1902 * †'' Acipenser cruciferus'' (Cope 1876) *†'' Acipenser eruciferus'' Cope 1876 *'' Acipenser fulvescens'' Rafinesque, 1817 (also living) *†'' Acipenser gigantissimus'' Nessov 1997 *†'' Acipenser molassicus'' Probst 1882 *†'' Acipenser ornatus'' Leidy 1873 *'' Acipenser oxyrinchus'' Mitchell 1815 (also living) *†'' Acipenser tuberculosus'' Probst 1882 * †'' Acipenser toliapicus'' Agassiz 1844 ex Woodward 1889


References


External links

* * * Ray-finned fish genera Extant Campanian first appearances Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Freshwater fish genera {{Acipenseriformes-stub